scholarly journals Effects of copper and chromium and high temperature on growth, proline and protein content in wheat seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Muslu ◽  
Nuray Ergün
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Effects of interactions between high temperature and chromium (Cr(VI)) and copper (Cu) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dagdas 94) seedlings were investigated. High concentrations of Cr and Cu at 40°C decreased the root and shoot length and dry weight. The total chlorophyll content was decreased at 30 ?M Cr + 40°C. At the high Cr and Cu concentrations, carotenoid content was increased compared to that of control groups. Heavy metal treatment increased proline content but decreased that of soluble protein. In addition, chromium showed greater toxic effects on growth and biochemical parameters than that of Cu. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15871 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 105-111, 2013 (June)

Nitric Oxide Alleviates Iron Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Damage and Growth Inhibition in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Nalini Pandey ◽  
Laxmi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Protein Thiols

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive signaling molecule in plants which modulates a variety of physiological processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of exogenous NO supplied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in wheat seedlings under ironinduced oxidative damage was investigated. An appropriate concentration of NO was determined by conducting a preliminary experiment. In solution culture, wheat seeds were grown in the control (100 μM Fe), and toxic Fe (400 μM Fe) levels and the toxic Fe supply was treated with various levels of (50, 100, 200 and 500 μM) sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results indicated that 400 μM Fe significantly decreased percentage germination, tolerance index, root lengths as well as fresh and dry weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP attenuated the inhibition of wheat seed germination. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 100 μM SNP. The accumulated concentration of iron and active Fe was significantly decreased by SNP treated Fe toxic seedlings. Toxicity of Fe caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in roots of wheat seedlings. One hundred μM SNP counteracted Fe toxicity by reducing the H2O2, MDA and proline contents of toxic Fe exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), non protein thiols (NPT) and of glutathione reductase (GR) and increased ascorbate (ASc) compared with Fe toxic treatment alone, thereby indicating the modulation of the antioxidative capacity in the root under Fe stress by NO. The results indicated that the exogenous application of SNP, improved the antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat seedlings against Fe induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Microbiological Insights into the Stress-Alleviating Property of an Endophytic Bacillus altitudinis WR10 in Wheat under Low-Phosphorus and High-Salinity Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue ◽  
Shen ◽  
Chen ◽  
Liang ◽  
Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Bacillus Altitudinis ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Low Phosphorus

An indole–3–acetic acid producing Bacillus altitudinis WR10 was previously isolated from the root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, the strain WR10 was used for relieving abiotic stresses in wheat under low phosphorus and high saline in hydroponic co-culture models. Significantly, strain WR10 improved wheat seed relative germination rate under salinity stress (200/400 mM NaCl) and the root dry weight in wheat seedlings under phosphorus stress (10 μM KH2PO3) when insoluble phosphates are available. To provide insights into its abiotic stress-alleviating properties, the strain was characterized further. WR10 grows well under different culture conditions. Particularly, WR10 resists salt (12% NaCl) and hydrolyzes both inorganic and organic insoluble phosphates. WR10 uses many plant-derived substrates as sole carbon and energy sources. It produces catalase, amylase, phosphatase, phytase, reductase, and 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. In addition, WR10 possesses long peritrichous flagella, and its biofilm formation, as well as phytase production, is induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, the salinity-alleviating property of WR10 in wheat can be attributed to its inherent tolerance to NaCl, formation of biofilm, and production of enzymes, like catalase, amylase, and ACC deaminase. Meanwhile, B. altitudinis WR10 reduces low-phosphorus stress in wheat by production of phosphatases and phytases in the presence of insoluble phosphates.

The influence of nutrition on the response of wheat to above-optimal temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 129 ◽  
Author(s):  
IA Dawson ◽  
IF Wardlaw
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Phloem Mobility

Wheat plants (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Gabo) were grown at two temperatures (18/13 and 24/19�C, Day/night), either with full nutrient availability or deprived of nutrients after floral initiation or after anthesis, in order to identify possible interactions between nutrient availability and response to a temperature higher than the optimum for grain dry weight accumulation. Nutrient deprivation reduced levels of nitrogen, potassium and calcium in the vegetative organs of the plant at anthesis and maturity, and levels of nitrogen and calcium, but not potassium, in the grain. Differences in the distribution of nitrogen, potassium and calcium can be explained on the basis of their phloem mobility. An interaction was observed between nutrition and temperature in the time from seedling emergence to anthesis, the number of tillers at anthesis and the number of heads per plant at maturity. Within the main culm ear, high temperature and low nutrition reduced grain number. High temperature, but not low nutrition, reduced individual grain weights. However, there were no interactions between nutrition and temperature in regulating these responses. Therefore, although nutrition may be an important factor when considering the effect of temperature on tillering, there is no evidence from this study that nutritional status will mask the effects of temperature on the later stages of ear and grain development.

scholarly journals Manganese accumulation and its effects on three tropical aquatic macrophytes: Azolla caroliniana, Salvinia mínima and Spirodela polyrhiza

Rodriguésia ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 909-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudineia Lizieri ◽  
Rosane Aguiar ◽  
Kacilda Naomi Kuki
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Spirodela Polyrhiza ◽  
Azolla Caroliniana ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Accumulation Mechanism ◽  
Mn Content ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The phytoremediation technique, which consists of using plants to remove ions, has been increasingly chosen over past decades due to its low-cost technology to mitigate contaminated areas. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of the aquatic macrophytes, Azolla caroliniana Willd, Salvinia minima Baker and Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleiden, to accumulate manganese (Mn), an element which, at high concentrations, may be toxic to human populations. The three species accumulated Mn in their tissues and the absorption was independent of the metal concentration in the solution. Spirodela polyrhiza accumulated Mn at higher concentrations of the ion (17.062 mg g-1 MS), followed by S. minima (4.283 mg g-1 MS) and A. caroliniana (1.341 mg g-1 MS). Manganese excess reduced total chlorophyll content in all three species. Carotenoid content was reduced in A. caroliniana (27.02 %) and S. polyrhiza (25.34 %). Growth was only significantly reduced (21.34%) in S. polyrhiza. The species A. caroliniana and S. minima were able to tolerate excess Mn, but were inefficient regarding the accumulation of high concentrations of the metal. High accumulated Mn content in the tissues of S. polyrhiza suggests that the species is able to accumulate this element. Therefore, it has potential for use in phytoremediation and provides a new resource for exploring the Mn accumulation mechanism.

scholarly journals Case Study Comparing Effects of Microplastic Derived from Bottle Caps Collected in Two Cities on Triticum aestivum (Wheat)

Environments ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Stephan Pflugmacher ◽  
Saila Tallinen ◽  
Simon M. Mitrovic ◽  
Olli-Pekka Penttinen ◽  
Young-Jun Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Two Cities ◽  
Grain Crop ◽  
Continental Climate

As plastic has become an integral component of daily life, microplastic has become a ubiquitous, unavoidable constituent of nearly all ecosystems. Besides monitoring the amount and distribution of microplastic in the environment, it is necessary to understand the possible direct effects, especially toxicity and how it is affected by environmental factors where it is discarded. The present study investigated how microplastic derived from high-density polyethylene bottle caps collected in two climatically different cities, i.e., Singapore (tropical rainforest climate) and Lahti, Finland (continental climate), affected the essential agricultural grain crop, Triticum aestivum (L.). Wheat seedlings were exposed to microplastic derived from these collected bottle caps, as well as new and artificially aged caps, for seven days. Morphological parameters, such as root and shoot length and oxidative stress development, were measured. Exposure to microplastic derived from the caps resulted in reduced seedling root and shoot lengths compared to the controls, as well as enhanced lipid peroxidation and catalase activity. With all parameters tested, microplastic derived from Lahti bottle caps exhibited more severe effects than Singapore, which was similar to that elicited by new microplastic. The Singapore microplastic had possibly leached its toxic substances before collection due to accelerated degradation promoted by the prevailing warmer climate conditions.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Leaves of Invasive tree Broussonetia papyrifera against some crop plants

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 1261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjana Negi ◽  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
R. K. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Broussonetia Papyrifera ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seedling Length ◽  
Invasive Tree

Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent. was studied on germination and seedling growth of Triticum aestivum L. and Oryza sativa L. under laboratory conditions. The seed germination, seedling length, seedling dry weight and total chlorophyll content were reduced with the increasing treatment of concentration (0.5, 1, 2 and 4%) of B. papyrifera leaf extract as compared to the control. The inhibitory effect was more pronounced on the root length than on coleoptile length. The extracts were rich in phenolic compounds, which are the ubiquitous allelochemicals and often implicated in allelopathy. The study concludes that B. papyrifera exhibits allelopathy through the release of phenolics from its leaves. 

scholarly journals The use of morpho-physiological parameters of spring wheat seedlings in the selection for aluminum resistance

2021 ◽  
Vol 207 (04) ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
Lyudmila Volkova ◽  
Oksana Amunova ◽  
Lyudmila Tiunova
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Laboratory Assessment ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Aluminum Ions ◽  
Selection For

Abstract. Goal. Determination of the effectiveness of early diagnostic methods for resistance to aluminum ions. 15 hybrid populations of F2–F4 spring soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), created with the participation of varieties Altayskaya 530, Baganskaya 95, Tyumenskaya 26, Karabalykskaya 98, Gornouralskaya, Lutescens 30, Serebristaya, Jasna were studied. Methods. Laboratory assessment for resistance to aluminum ions in the seedling phase; field tests in two points, differing in pH level and content of mobile aluminum ions (pH1 = 4.3; Al3+ = 5.4 mg/kg of soil; pH2 = 3.8; Al3+ = 211.0 mg/kg of soil); statistical processing of the results. Results. According to the root length index, there were no significant differences between the genotypes, most of the studied samples were characterized as highly resistant (RLI = 80 ... 100 %). The following indicators were characterized by high genotypic indicators: the length of the germ roots, the dry mass of seedlings, the ratio of the root mass to the shoot mass (RSR). The following parameters were characterized by high genotypic conditionality: the length of germinal roots, the dry weight of seedlings, and the ratio of root to shoot weights (RSR). Field stability was assessed by the percentage reduction in signs. The greatest reaction to the conditions of severe edaphic stress was noted in terms of yield (7.1–16.9 % of the norm, depending on the combination), the lowest – in terms of carotenoid content (78.0–111.0 %) and weight of 1000 grains (67.7–89.3 %). No significant correlations were found between RLI, germ root length, and field stability. There was a tendency to increase correlations to average positive or reliable values between laboratory characteristics (length of germ roots, weight of seedlings) and field parameters (size of flag leaves, chlorophyll content, ear productivity elements, yield) during the transition from background 1 to background 2. The ability to redistribute biomass in favor of the aboveground part of plants in the seedling phase (RSR index) had a significant positive effect on productivity elements on both backgrounds. Scientific novelty. Morphophysiological characteristics of seedlings were identified and recommended for selection for resistance to aluminum ions: root length, dry weight of the seedling, RSR index.

Effect of seed weight, and seed phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations on the early growth of wheat seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 545 ◽  
Author(s):  
DGDe Marco ◽  
Marco DG De
Keyword(s):  
Seed Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Concentration ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
P Content ◽  
Nitrogen Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Wheat seeds of uniform weight selected from 3 batches of seed with phosphorus (P) concentrations of 0.14, 0.17 and 0.19% were sown in soil with a range of applied P treatments. Seedling emergence was more rapid the higher the seed P. By 25 days after sowing all plants grown at the highest concentration of applied P were similar in size, but with lower applied P, plants from seed with higher P concentrations had an advantage. A range of weight classes was selected from 2 batches of seed raised at low or high concentrations of P. There were 11 groups ranging in mean seed weight from 28 to 58 mg and in seed P from 0.13 to 0.37%. Seedlings from the high P batch had larger first leaves, a higher dry weight, and longer roots than those from the low P batch when grown in a highly P-deficient sand culture system. Within each batch, heavier seeds produced larger leaves, heavier plants and longer roots. The yield differences between batches were largely accounted for if the seed P content (�g P/seed) was considered rather than either percentage P or seed weight alone. Differences in seed nitrogen concentration or content did not consistently account for differences in seedling growth.

scholarly journals Putrescine Improve Low Temperature Tolerance of Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare Mill.) Seeds

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Mustafavi ◽  
F. Shekari ◽  
A. Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Low Temperature Tolerance ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Germination Behaviour ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract The effects of polyamine priming on the germination behaviour of fennel at low temperatures were investigated. For preparing the putrescine pretreatments, seeds were divided into four parts. Two samples primed into putrescine (10 or 20 ppm) for 24 h, other samples were as controls. In order to eliminate the effect of water from test results, seeds were soaked in water only. After the priming, seeds were dried and used for germination test at 10 and 20 ºC. Except for seedling dry weight, all of the priming treatments improved germination performance and seedling growth of fennel seeds. Maximum germination percentage was achieved by 10 ppm Put application and lower value was observed in control seeds. About the energy of germination and mean germination time, polyamine treatments had better effect than hydropriming, but similar results was observed from seeds treated by 10 ppm Put and hydroprime on root and shoot length. Results showed that adequate presence of Put in the priming media had better than priming with water only. However, high concentrations of Put had not significant effect as well as 10 ppm Put. These results indicated that 10 ppm Put priming could be as an effective method to improve low temperature tolerance of fennel seeds.

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