scholarly journals Microbiological Insights into the Stress-Alleviating Property of an Endophytic Bacillus altitudinis WR10 in Wheat under Low-Phosphorus and High-Salinity Stresses

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue ◽  
Shen ◽  
Chen ◽  
Liang ◽  
Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Bacillus Altitudinis ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Low Phosphorus

An indole–3–acetic acid producing Bacillus altitudinis WR10 was previously isolated from the root of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In this study, the strain WR10 was used for relieving abiotic stresses in wheat under low phosphorus and high saline in hydroponic co-culture models. Significantly, strain WR10 improved wheat seed relative germination rate under salinity stress (200/400 mM NaCl) and the root dry weight in wheat seedlings under phosphorus stress (10 μM KH2PO3) when insoluble phosphates are available. To provide insights into its abiotic stress-alleviating properties, the strain was characterized further. WR10 grows well under different culture conditions. Particularly, WR10 resists salt (12% NaCl) and hydrolyzes both inorganic and organic insoluble phosphates. WR10 uses many plant-derived substrates as sole carbon and energy sources. It produces catalase, amylase, phosphatase, phytase, reductase, and 1–aminocyclopropane–1–carboxylate (ACC) deaminase. In addition, WR10 possesses long peritrichous flagella, and its biofilm formation, as well as phytase production, is induced by abiotic stresses. Overall, the salinity-alleviating property of WR10 in wheat can be attributed to its inherent tolerance to NaCl, formation of biofilm, and production of enzymes, like catalase, amylase, and ACC deaminase. Meanwhile, B. altitudinis WR10 reduces low-phosphorus stress in wheat by production of phosphatases and phytases in the presence of insoluble phosphates.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of Chitosan and SiO2 Nanoparticles to Seed Germination of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Plants

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faride BEHBOUDI ◽  
Zeinalabedin TAHMASEBI SARVESTANI ◽  
Mohamad Zaman KASSAEE ◽  
Seyed Ali Mohamad MODARES SANAVI ◽  
Ali SOROOSHZADEH
Keyword(s):  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Direct Exposure ◽  
Contrast Exposure ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Plants such as wheat and barley that are strategically important crops need to be considered to develop a comprehensive toxicity profile for nanoparticles (NPs). The present study was aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan and SiO2 NPs on wheat and barley plants. Two factorial experiments (seeds priming and direct exposure) were performed based on a completely randomized design in four replications. Results showed that the seeds priming with the NPs had not significant effect on germination parameters such as Germination Percentage (GP), Germination Rate (GR), Germination Value (GV), Mean Germination Time (MGT), Pick Value (PV) and Mean Daily Germination (MDG). In contrast, exposure of the seeds to the NPs had significant effects on these parameters. In both experiments, treatments had significant effects on shoot, seedling, root length, fresh and dry weight, as well as vigor indexes as compared to the control. In most traits, the best concentration of NPs was 30 ppm, whereas applications of the NPs with 90 ppm displayed adverse effects on majority of the studied traits. According to these results, selectivity in applications of NPs with suitable concentration and method is essential for different plant species.  

Nitric Oxide Alleviates Iron Toxicity by Reducing Oxidative Damage and Growth Inhibition in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Seedlings

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (01) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
Nalini Pandey ◽  
Laxmi Verma
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Sodium Nitroprusside ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Tolerance Index ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Protein Thiols

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important bioactive signaling molecule in plants which modulates a variety of physiological processes and responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In this study, the effects of exogenous NO supplied as sodium nitroprusside (SNP) in wheat seedlings under ironinduced oxidative damage was investigated. An appropriate concentration of NO was determined by conducting a preliminary experiment. In solution culture, wheat seeds were grown in the control (100 μM Fe), and toxic Fe (400 μM Fe) levels and the toxic Fe supply was treated with various levels of (50, 100, 200 and 500 μM) sodium nitroprusside (SNP). The results indicated that 400 μM Fe significantly decreased percentage germination, tolerance index, root lengths as well as fresh and dry weight compared to control. Exogenous SNP attenuated the inhibition of wheat seed germination. The promoting effect was most pronounced at 100 μM SNP. The accumulated concentration of iron and active Fe was significantly decreased by SNP treated Fe toxic seedlings. Toxicity of Fe caused oxidative stress by elevating hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline contents in roots of wheat seedlings. One hundred μM SNP counteracted Fe toxicity by reducing the H2O2, MDA and proline contents of toxic Fe exposed seedlings. Meanwhile, application of SNP markedly reduced the activities of superoxide dismutases (SOD), catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidases (APX), non protein thiols (NPT) and of glutathione reductase (GR) and increased ascorbate (ASc) compared with Fe toxic treatment alone, thereby indicating the modulation of the antioxidative capacity in the root under Fe stress by NO. The results indicated that the exogenous application of SNP, improved the antioxidant enzymes activity of wheat seedlings against Fe induced oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Exploring Potential Soil Bacteria for Sustainable Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Production

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizwan Ali Sheirdil ◽  
Rifat Hayat ◽  
Xiao-Xia Zhang ◽  
Nadeem Akhtar Abbasi ◽  
Safdar Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
The Impact

The application of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could allow growers to reduce the use of synthetic fertilizers and increase the sustainability of crop production. Wheat is the main staple food crop of Pakistan, and few studies have reported on the impact of PGPR on wheat crops. To determine if PGPR can maintain wheat productivity with reduced fertilizer applications, we isolated bacteria from the rhizosphere of wheat grown in sandy loam. We selected 10 strains based on in vitro assays for traits associated with PGPR: ACC deaminase activity, siderophore productivity, P-solubilization, and productivity of indole acetic acid (IAA). Furthermore, the strains were tested in three experiments (using a growth-chamber, pots with an experimental area of 0.05 m2, and a field). Strains that possessed the four traits associated with PGPR increased the shoot length, root length, and fresh and dry weight of plants in the growth chamber study. Similarly, under the pot trial, maximum crop traits were observed under the consortium + half dose, while under field conditions maximum crop parameters were detected in the case of consortium 1 and consortium 2 along with half the recommended dose of fertilizer. This confirms that this consortium could provide growers with a sustainable approach to reduce synthetic fertilizer usage in wheat production.

scholarly journals Effects of copper and chromium and high temperature on growth, proline and protein content in wheat seedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmet Muslu ◽  
Nuray Ergün
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Total Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Metal Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations

Effects of interactions between high temperature and chromium (Cr(VI)) and copper (Cu) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Dagdas 94) seedlings were investigated. High concentrations of Cr and Cu at 40°C decreased the root and shoot length and dry weight. The total chlorophyll content was decreased at 30 ?M Cr + 40°C. At the high Cr and Cu concentrations, carotenoid content was increased compared to that of control groups. Heavy metal treatment increased proline content but decreased that of soluble protein. In addition, chromium showed greater toxic effects on growth and biochemical parameters than that of Cu. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjb.v42i1.15871 Bangladesh J. Bot. 42(1): 105-111, 2013 (June)

scholarly journals Response of Durum Wheat Seedlings to Salinity

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet YILDIRIM ◽  
Ferhat KIZILGECI ◽  
Cuma AKINCI ◽  
Onder ALBAYRAK
Keyword(s):  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Seedling Vigour ◽  
Coleoptile Length ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
The Impact

Salinity is an important source of abiotic stress, limiting crop performance in most arid and semi-arid areas of the world. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on physiological parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes. The research was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University. The study consisted of one durum wheat commercial cultivar, five local cultivars and four advanced genotypes. There were three replications in a split-plot experimental design. Genotypes were germinated in four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) in plastic boxes. There were statistically assured significant differences among the genotypes for all salt concentrations and all observed parameters (coleoptile length, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, germination rate and seedling vigor). There was significant decrease in all examined parameters depending on the increase of salt concentration. The ‘Sorgul’ genotype was most tolerant to salinity, in terms of root length and root dry weight, whereas ‘Altintoprak 98’ was most tolerant as measured by the impact of salinity on coleoptile length, seedling fresh weight, germination rate and seedling vigour. The ‘Beyaziye’ genotype was the most sensitive to salinity-induced stress. The results from this study demonstrated differences among durum wheat genotypes for seedling parameters measured in the presence of salinity stress.

THE INFLUENCE OF NITROGEN, PHOSPHORUS AND POTASSIUM ON THE COLD ACCLIMATION OF WINTER WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)

1981 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 879-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. TYLER ◽  
L. V. GUSTA ◽  
D. B. FOWLER
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Acclimation Period ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Half Strength ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
High Level

Mineral nutrition influenced the rate of cold acclimation and the level of hardiness attained by winter wheat plants grown in modified Hoagland’s solution. Plants grown in modified Hoagland’s solution at (a) one-half strength (control), (b) low potassium and (c) low phosphorus acclimated the fastest and were the hardiest. Plants grown in high and very high levels of nitrogen and a high level of phosphorus were the least hardy. For the acclimation period, significant correlation coefficients existed between the LT50 and osmotic potential, crown moisture content and crown dry weight for all nutrient regimes. However, when differences due to nutrient regimes were considered, there were no significant correlations with LT50.

scholarly journals Transcriptome analysis in roots and leaves of wheat seedlings in response to low-phosphorus stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Wang ◽  
Qin Qin ◽  
Jianjun Pan ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Yafei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Abiotic Factor ◽  
Wheat Growth ◽  
Wheat Seedlings ◽  
Phosphorus Stress ◽  
Low Phosphorus ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Low Phosphorus Stress

AbstractLow phosphorus availability is a major abiotic factor constraining wheat growth. The molecular mechanisms of the wheat whole genome under low-phosphorus stress are still unclear. To obtain information on gene expression in wheat seedlings under low-phosphorus stress, transcriptome sequencing was performed on roots and leaves. The results showed that 2,318 (1,646 upregulated and 672 downregulated) transcripts were differentially expressed in the leaves, and 2,018 (1,310 upregulated and 708 downregulated) were differentially expressed in the roots. Further analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly enriched in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organs and in carbon metabolism, photosynthesis, glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism and plant-pathogen interaction in both leaves and roots. These pathways were mainly associated with environmental adaptation, energy metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, suggesting that the metabolic processes were strengthened in wheat seedlings under low-phosphorus stress and that more energy and substances were produced to resist or adapt to this unfavourable environment. This research might provide potential directions and valuable resources to further study wheat under low-phosphorus stress.

scholarly journals Tolerance of wheat seedlings to excess boron

Genetika ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Brdar ◽  
Ivana Maksimovic ◽  
Borislav Kobiljski ◽  
Tijana Zeremski-Skoric ◽  
Marija Kraljevic-Balalic
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Boron Content ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Growth Suppression ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Boron Tolerance ◽  
Wheat Seedlings

Present in excessive amounts, micronutrient boron may become toxic for plants. The aim of this study was to investigate boron tolerance in seedlings of 12 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes treated with boric acid. Selection criterion was root growth suppression in the presence of boron, which varied between 15.2 (Apache) and 46.3% (Renan). Root lengths on control and root growth suppression on treatments were not correlated. Boron content and dry weight of seedlings varied in vast intervals in all groups on control, as well as on treatments, which is probably caused by different boron tolerance mechanisms. Root growth suppression in genotypes Apache, Trakija and Bezostaja 1 was less than 20% and they may be considered as boron tolerant. Renan, Fundulea 4, Magdalena, Pergamino Gaboto and Donjecka 48 are marked as boron sensitive owing to more than 30% shorter roots on boron treatments. Norin 10/Brevor 14, Radika, Zitarka and Mironovska 808 were medium tolerant to excess boron. .

scholarly journals Effect of different levels of drought stress on the germination and seedling growth parameters of three wheat cultivars seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 277-290
Author(s):  
Abdalla M. A. Mansour ◽  
Twfeik Elbagrmi
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Treatment Comparison ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Germination Parameters

Seed germination of three varieties of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) CONDOR, SERI and T.R. evaluated under 5 drought levels (0.0 mPa (control),-0.3 mPa, -0.6 mPa, -0.9 mPa and -1.2 mPa). We used polyethylene glycol (PEG6000) to make drought stress conditions. Germinated seeds were counted daily up to 14 days under laboratory conditions. Percentage and mean germination time, coefficients of germination, mean germination rate, and uncertainty of germination process as germination parameters. Shoots and roots length; fresh, dry weight of shoots and roots, leaves and roots number, the surface area of leaves as seedling growth parameters were studied. The data was analyzed statistically using SPSS software, to identify significant differences among wheat varieties and among treatment. Comparison between means showed that the highest value for most of germination parameters recorded for SERI variety followed by T.R., and most of seedling growth parameters were recorded for T.R. followed by SERI. The results determined that seeds of all varieties germinate well in the lowest concentration of PEG. Increase the concentration of PEG affect all germination and seedling growth parameters.

Salinity Tolerance of Black Gram Cultivars During Germination and Early Seedling Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 51-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.K. Hasan ◽  
M.S. Islam ◽  
M.R. Islam ◽  
H.N. Ismaan ◽  
A. El Sabagh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Sand Culture ◽  
Black Gram

Abstract A laboratory experiment regarding germination and seedling growth test was conducted with three black gram genotypes tested under three salinity levels (0, 75 and 150 mM), for 10 days, in sand culture within small plastic pot, to investigate the germination and seedling growth characteristics. Different germination traits of all black gram genotypes, like germination percentage (GP), germination rate (GR), coefficient of velocity of germination (CVG) greatly reduced, as well as mean germination time (MGT) increased with increasing salt stress. At high salt stress, BARI Mash-3 provided the highest GP reduction (28.58%), while the lowest was recorded (15.79% to control) in BARI Mash-1. Salinity have the negative impact on shoot and root lengths, fresh and dry weights. The highest (50.32% to control) and lowest reduction (36.39%) of shoot length were recorded in BARI Mash-2 and BARI Mash-1, respectively, under 150 mM NaCl saline conditions. There were significant reduction of root lengths, root fresh and dry weight, shoot length, shoot fresh and dry weight in all genotypes under saline condition. The genotypes were arranged as BARI Mash-1 > BARI Mash-3 > BARI Mash-2, with respect to salinity tolerance.

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