Molecular Structure, Pathogenesis and Virology of SARS-CoV-2: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. S36-S40
Author(s):  
Arifa Akram ◽  
Nusrat Mannan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
Clinical Criteria ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
And Control

SARS-CoV-2 or 2019 n-CoV is a newly identified coronavirus which has a high similarity with SARS CoV. The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has resulted about 1850220 cases and 114215 deaths worldwide up to 13th April, 2020. The clinical criteria of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia range from mild to critically ill cases. To characterize and control the disease, Chinese authorities did an immediate investigation, including isolation of suspected people, close monitoring of contacts, epidemiological and clinical data collection from patients, and development of diagnostic and treatment procedures. SARS-CoV-2 poses a significant public health risk for human transmission via the S protein–ACE2 binding pathway. It’s spike (S) glyco protein promotes entry into cells. To date, the SARS-CoV-2 genome has been considered genetically more stable than other pandemic viruses like SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV. The rapid global spread of 2019-nCoV, which prompted the PHEIC declaration by WHO, signals the urgent need for corona virus vaccines and therapeutics. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases, April 2020;7(suppl_1):S36-S40

Organizational Commitment Of Afad Istanbul Search And Rescue Unit

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Karakoç ◽  
Ö Erdoğan ◽  
E Demirbaş
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Bachelor's Degree ◽  
Search And Rescue ◽  
The Other ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
International Level ◽  
Significant Public Health

Abstract Background Our study is intended to evaluate the Organizational Commitment of the Istanbul AFAD Search and Rescue Unit (AKB) employees operating at national and international level during disasters and to serve as a model for the other organizations that conduct national and international operations in the area of search and rescue. Methods This research was carried out with a total of 75 employees from Istanbul AFAD AKB from 02.11.18 to 01.01.2019. Introductory Information Form and Organizational Commitment Scale were used for data collection. Findings of the study were evaluated via IBM SPSS Statistics 22. Results Among 71 persons who participated in the study, it was determined that 91.5% were male, 50.7% were at the age of 40 or older, 81.7% were married, 67.6% had bachelor's degree, 63.4% were search and rescue technicians, and 50.7% were employed by their current organization for 10 years or less. Regarding the employees, it was found that 25.4% had very good organizational commitment while 54.9% faced issues in relation to the organizational commitment. OCS point average of the employees was 3.07±0.20 and the obtained Cronbach Alfa internal consistency coefficient of the scale was 0.678. OCS points of those employed for 12 years or longer in total were determined to be high at statistically significant level. Also, OCS points of those who did not face any issue in relation to the Organizational Commitment were found to be high at a statistically significant level against those who faced issues. Conclusions It is important to ensure work satisfaction, provide harmonization, and avert chaos and stress for boosting the organizational commitment. Therefore, the managers should conduct activities intended to boost the employee commitment levels within the organization. Key messages Disaster is a significant public health issue and disaster employees are special. The issues faced by the employees that perform search and rescue operations must be considered important and resolved.

Understanding and predicting the global spread of emergent infectious diseases

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Brockmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Network Theory ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Complex Network Theory ◽  
Global Spread ◽  
And Control

AbstractThe emergence and global spread of human infectious diseases has become one of the most serious public health threats of the 21st century. Sophisticated computer simulations have become a key tool for understanding and predicting disease spread on a global scale. Combining theoretical insights from nonlinear dynamics, stochastic processes and complex network theory these computational models are becoming increasingly important in the design of efficient mitigation and control strategies and for public health in general.

scholarly journals Spatial Patterns of Anthrax Outbreaks and Cases among Livestock in Lesotho, 2005–2016

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7584
Author(s):  
Relebohile Juliet Lepheana ◽  
James Wabwire Oguttu ◽  
Daniel Nenene Qekwana
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
District Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Village Level ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

Background: Although anthrax occurs globally, the burden of the disease remains particularly high in Africa. Furthermore, the disease anthrax has significant public health and economic implications. However, sufficient attention has not been given to the geographic distribution of anthrax outbreaks and cases in Lesotho. Therefore, this study investigates the spatial patterns of anthrax outbreaks and cases among livestock in Lesotho from 2005 to 2016. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was adopted to realise the objectives of this study using retrospective data of anthrax outbreaks and cases recorded by the Department of Livestock Services (DLS) between 2005 and 2016. Anthrax outbreaks were geo-coded at village level and aggregated at district level. Proportions and 95% CI of anthrax outbreaks and cases by village and district were calculated. Cartographic maps displaying the distribution of anthrax outbreaks and cases at village and district level were constructed. Results: A total of 38 outbreaks were reported over the study period, and they were clustered in the Lowlands districts of Lesotho. Most outbreaks (52.6%, 20/38) in livestock were reported in the Maseru district. The Leribe district reported the lowest proportions of outbreaks (5.3%, 2/38) and cases (0.6%, 3/526). At the village level, 18% (7/38) of outbreaks were in Maseru Urban, followed by Ratau (16%, 6/38) and Mofoka (13%, 5/38). The Maseru district reported the highest (1.3%, 369/29,070) proportion of cases followed by Mafeteng (0.9%, 73/8530). The village with the most cases was Kolo (10.5%, 21/200), followed by Thaba-Chitja (7.7%, 33/430). Conclusion: Anthrax outbreaks and cases exclusively occur in the Lowlands districts of Lesotho, with villages such as Mahobong, Pitseng, Kolo, and Thaba-Chitja having a higher risk of anthrax disease. Findings of the present study have serious public health implications in light of the fact that between 2003 and 2008 Lesotho’s main abattoir was closed; hence, most of the meat in Lesotho was imported and/or sourced from the informal slaughter facilities. Much larger studies are needed to further investigate factors contributing to spatial disparities in anthrax outbreaks and cases observed in this study. Findings of the present study can be used to guide the formulation of a policy on prevention and control of anthrax in Lesotho.

scholarly journals Rabies epidemiology, prevention and control in Nigeria: Scoping progress towards elimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. e0009617
Author(s):  
Philip P. Mshelbwala ◽  
J. Scott Weese ◽  
Olufunmilayo A. Sanni-Adeniyi ◽  
Shovon Chakma ◽  
Stephen S. Okeme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Human Rabies ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
And Control

Background Human rabies remains a significant public health problem in Africa with outbreaks reported in most countries. In Nigeria–the most populous country in Africa–rabies causes a significant public health burden partly due to perennial obstacles to implementing a national prevention and control program. Methods We conducted a scoping review using standard Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify and select published articles from Nigeria during 1978–2020 reporting on rabies virus infections (human, canine, livestock, and wildlife), canine bites, knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) surveys on rabies and canine ecology studies. We extracted information on study location, year and additional details of each study such as rabies prevalence, general characteristics of offending dogs, dog vaccination status and health-seeking behaviours. Findings Between 1978 and 2020, 90 published articles met our inclusion criteria. The prevalence of rabies virus antigen detection varied between 3% and 28%, with more studies in the north. Most bites were unprovoked from dog bite studies (36.4%-97%), by dogs with low vaccination rates (12–38%). A more significant proportion of biting dogs were owned (31–90%). Laboratory confirmation for biting was available for only a small proportion of studies (6%; n = 2/32). Of the dogs surveyed during ecology studies, indigenous dogs accounted for the majority (62–98%), used mostly for security purposes (52–98%), with the vaccination rate between 15% and 38% in most states. Studies conducted in areas distant from rabies diagnostic facilities accounted for more human rabies cases and fewer dog rabies cases. Conclusion Significant improvements are necessary to achieve the elimination of human rabies mediated via dogs by 2030.

scholarly journals Infectious diseases associated with molluscan shellfish consumption.

1994 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
S R Rippey
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Viral Pathogens ◽  
The Past ◽  
Significant Public Health Problem ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
History Of ◽  
Treatment Procedures

A history of shellfish-vectored illnesses (i.e., those associated with consumption of clams, oysters, mussels, and scallops) occurring in the past nine decades is presented. Typhoid fever was a significant public health problem among consumers of raw molluscan shellfish earlier in this century. The development of more effective sewage treatment procedures and the institution of a national program following these outbreaks led to a series of measures which eventually eliminated shellfish-associated typhoid fever. Present-day problems associated with this food source still involve some wastewaterborne bacterial illnesses. However, the principal public health concerns are with wastewater-derived viral pathogens and with bacterial agents of an environmental origin. The nature, occurrence, and magnitude of these public health problems are described.

MSDM Pondok Pesantren

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-422
Author(s):  
Ahmad Saefulloh ◽  
Fisher Zulkarnaen ◽  
Dewi Sadiah
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Know How ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
The Times ◽  
And Control ◽  
Descriptive Method

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi manajemen sumber daya manusia pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang, dan mengetahui bagaimana hasil kinerja santri di pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, studi dokumentasi dan wawancara.Hasil Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa peran manajemen sumber daya manusia dalam mengoptimalkan kinerja santri di pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang yang diawali dengan pengolaan dalam bentuk fungsi perencanaan dan operasional yang baru.Terutama pengrekrutan jajaran assatidz yang berdedikasi dan berpendidikan tinggi masuk ke pondok pesantren pagelaran II. Sehingga keberlangsungan pesantren akan berinovasi dan pengendalian selalu sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa manajemen sumber daya manusia di pondok pesantren pagelaran II sumedang telah dijalankan dengan baik dan menunjukan keberhasilan dalam upaya menyiapkan insan kamil. ABSTRAK It aims to know how to implementation of human resources management hut pesantren by fire ii, and find out How did santri's performance result in the pesantren pagelaran 2 Sumedang. The method used in this study is a descriptive method, data collection is done using observation techniques, a documentary study and debriefing. This study found that human resource management's role in optimizing santri's performance in pondok pesantren pagelaran 2 Sumedang. That begin with processing in the form of new planning and operational functions. Particularly recruits for the dedicated, highly educated assatidz went into the pagelaran 2 Sumedang. So martial arts have continued to innovate and control always conforms to the development of The Times. So it is inadmissible that the human resources management at pesantren pagelaran 2 sumedang has been well run and show that is successful in preparing for the perfect human being.

Identifying changes in trends in the age standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M Hille
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Piecewise Linear ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Piecewise Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Public Health ◽  
Males And Females

ObjectiveTo identify changes in the linear trend of the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia for all persons, males, and females. MethodsA two-piece piecewise linear regression was fitted to the data. The piecewise breakpoint varied through an iterative process to determine the model that best fits the data.ResultsStatistically significant changes in the trendof the age-standardized incidence of melanoma in Australia were found for all persons, males, and females. The optimal breakpoint for all persons and males was at 1998. For females, the optimal breakpoint was at 2005. The trend after these breakpoints was flatter than prior to the breakpoints, but still positive.ConclusionMelanoma is a significant public health issue in Australia. Overall incidence continues to increase. However, the rate at which the incidence is increasing appears to be decreasing.

Strengthening of occupational health promotion by the German Prevention Health Care Act

2019 ◽  
pp. 188-190
Author(s):  
Diana Hart
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Occupational Health ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Occupational Health Promotion ◽  
And Control

All countries are faced with the problem of the prevention and control of non-communicable diseases (NCD): implement prevention strategies eff ectively, keep up the momentum with long term benefi ts at the individual and the population level, at the same time tackling hea lth inequalities. Th e aff ordability of therapy and care including innovative therapies is going to be one of the key public health priorities in the years to come. Germany has taken in the prevention and control of NCDs. Germany’s health system has a long history of guaranteeing access to high-quality treatment through universal health care coverage. Th r ough their membership people are entitled to prevention and care services maintaining and restoring their health as well as long term follow-up. Like in many other countries general life expectancy has been increasing steadily in Germany. Currently, the average life expectancy is 83 and 79 years in women and men, respectively. Th e other side of the coin is that population aging is strongly associated with a growing burden of disease from NCDs. Already over 70 percent of all deaths in Germany are caused by four disease entities: cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic respiratory disease and diabetes. Th ese diseases all share four common risk factors: smoking, alcohol abuse, lack of physical activity and overweight. At the same time, more and more people become long term survivors of disease due to improved therapy and care. Th e German Government and public health decision makers are aware of the need for action and have responded by initiating and implementing a wide spectrum of activities. One instrument by strengthening primary prevention is the Prevention Health Care Act. Its overarching aim is to prevent NCDs before they can manifest themselves by strengthening primary prevention and health promotion in diff erent sett ings. One of the main emphasis of the Prevention Health Care Act is the occupational health promotion at the workplace.

FAKTOR PENGETAHUAN YANG MEMPENGARUHI KETERATURAN IBU BALITA DALAM MENGUNJUNGI POSYANDU DI DESA CIPANGERAN KECAMATAN SAGULING KABUPATEN BANDUNG BARAT TAHUN 2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-20
Author(s):  
Lia Kamila ◽  
Liawati . ◽  
Suci Lailani Alipah
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Health Center ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Health Center ◽  
Level Of Knowledge

ABSTRAK Indikator D/S di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Saguling Desa Cipangeran pada tahun 2016 menunjukkan masih rendahnya kunjungan balita dalam kegiatan posyandu dengan rata-rata hanya memcapai 41,5%, sedangkan target standar palayanan kota jumlah D/S yaitu 85%. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keteraturan ibu dalam mengunjungi Posyandu dari faktor pengetahuan di Desa Cipangeran Kecamatan Saguling Kabupaten Bandung Barat tahun 2017. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer. Populasi seluruh balita di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Saguling tahun 2016 sebanyak 424 ibu balita, besar sampel yang diambil 81 ibu balita, pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan Sampel Random Sampling, pengumpulan data dengan hasil kuesioner berisi pertanyaan untuk mendapatkan data yang berkaitan dengan variabel yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian pengetahuan ibu balita didapatkan hampir setengah berada dikategori cukup yaitu 47 ibu balita (58%), namun masih ada ibu balita yang memiliki pengetahuan baik yaitu 18 ibu balita (22%), dan ibu balita yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang yaitu 16 ibu balita (20%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian didapatkan tingkat pengetahuan ibu balita yang tidak teratur dalam mengunjungi Posyandu di Desa Cipangeran Kecamatan Saguling Kabupaten Bandug Barat hampir setengah ibu balita berpengetahuan cukup. ABSTRACT The D / S indicator in the working area of ​​Saguling Public Health Center of Cipangeran Village in 2016 indicates that the low number of toddler visits in posyandu activities reaches an average of 41.5%, while the standard target for city / city is 85%. The purpose of this study is to determine the regularity of mothers in visiting Posyandu from knowledge factor in Cipangeran Village, Saguling District, West Bandung regency in 2017. This research method using analytical method with cross sectional approach. The data used is primary data.The population of all toddlers in the working area of Saguling Publich Health Center in 2016 were 424 mother, the sample size was 81 mother, using Random Sampling , data collection with questionnaires containing questions to obtain data related to the variables studied. The result of the research of the knowledge of the mother of the toddler is almost sufficient, namely 47 mothers (58%),but there are still mother who have good knowledge that is 18 mother of toddler (22%) and mother with less knowledge that is 16 mother of balita (20%). The conclusion of the research is the level of knowledge of irregular mother in visiting Posyandu in Cipangeran Village, Saguling, of West Bandung district, almost half of the toddler are knowledgeable enough.

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