scholarly journals “Innovative Anatomy assessment methods in COVID-19 Pandemic: statistical observations and students viewpoints”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhi Gupta ◽  
Suniti Pandey ◽  
Ashutosh Anshu
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Gross Anatomy ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Methods ◽  
Response Distribution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Background: Currently anatomy training and assessment is seriously disrupted in COVID-19 Pandemic lockdown. New challenges of anatomy curriculum and assessment method development are being attempted based upon resources, expertise and technical skills of educators. This study aims at creating a standard operation procedure (SOP) for conducting gross anatomy assessment, finding statistical relevance and discusses viewpoints of students reflected in feedback. Materials and methods: a retrospective cross sectional study was conducted on 250 first year students at GSVM Medical College Kanpur India. Students were briefed about SOP and were given choice to opt for either of three interview modalities of assessment tool [Viz. Telephonic Interview (GROUP T), Whatsapp© video call (GROUP W) and Zoom© meetings (GROUP Z)] and submit subjective feedbacks to assessor regarding new assessment format. The marks obtained as response distribution were subjected to descriptive statistics. One way ANOVA was applied to test any difference in means at (P<0.05) followed by post-hoc pair wise test amongst groups corrected to Bonferroni adjusted alpha level of [P<0.0167] per test. Results: Among 97.2% respondent ANOVA test result pointed that the types of interview pattern preferred had no significant impact on obtained score [F (2,240) = 2.80, p = .062], post-hoc test further confirmed that there was no significant difference between groups. Conclusion: the assessor and students both need to evolve and adapt to paradigm changes. Student’s feedback will serve to tailor the assessment tool by refining validity, consistency, reliability and interaction dynamics of assessment designs. Alternative evidence based futuristic assessment methods exploration are call of the hour. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.19(0) 2020 p.S 21-S 27

scholarly journals Posterior chain flexibility and lower back pain in farm workers

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Marcia Regina da Silva ◽  
Lucimare Ferraz ◽  
Fátima Ferretti ◽  
Cristiane Sfredo
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Muscle Length ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chain Flexibility ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Abstract Introduction: Flexibility is an essential component of physical aptitude that reduces the incidence of muscle distention and improves movement efficiency and posture. Objective: To analyze posterior chain flexibility and lower back pain (LBP) in farm workers from a city in western Santa Catarina state, Brazil. Methods: Quantitative and cross-sectional study conducted with 185 rural workers, average age of 44.24 (±10.83) years. The Rural Worker Health Questionnaire, containing individual issues related to work; sit and reach box, goniometer, visual analog scale (VAS) and Oswestry and Roland-Morris questionnaires were used to evaluate posterior chain flexibility, hamstring muscle length, pain and lumbar spine dysfunction, respectively. Flexibility was compared with the degree of dysfunction using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: 181 (97.8%) workers reported LBP symptoms: 100% of the women and 95.2% of the men. The average Oswestry score was 7.09 (±8.25), Roland-Morris 1.22 (±1.63), and VAS 5.81 (±2.5). Average flexibility by the sit and reach test (SRT) was 23.91cm (±18.81); straight leg raise (SLR), 66° (±11.77) and popliteal angle 123.21° (±12.45). There was a significant difference in the popliteal angle (p = 0.003) and SLR (0.001) when compared with the degree of dysfunction. Women showed significant differences in all tests; however, the post hoc test showed a significant difference only in the SRT (p = 0.013), and women with minimal dysfunction had greater flexibility in relation to those with severe dysfunction. Conclusion: Self-reported LBP was severe and women with higher levels of dysfunction exhibited less posterior chain flexibility.

Technical attributes of Australian youth soccer players: Implications for talent identification

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 819-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brad S Keller ◽  
Annette J Raynor ◽  
Lyndell Bruce ◽  
Fiona Iredale
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Receiver Operating Curve ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Talent Identification ◽  
Youth Soccer ◽  
Technical Ability ◽  
State Elite ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

Objectives To determine whether the technical ability of Australian youth soccer players could distinguish between various playing levels. Design A cross-sectional observational design was used with each player required to complete four technical tests. Methods Sixty-two participants were representatives of three cohorts of youth soccer in Australia: national elite ( n = 18), state elite ( n = 22) and sub-elite ( n = 22). The technical tests used were Loughborough Short Passing Test (LSPT), long passing test (LPT), shooting test and speed dribbling, with all players familiarised with the tests prior to data collection. Differences between cohorts were analysed using a multiple analysis of variance test with follow-up analyses of variance and Tukey Honest Significant Difference post-hoc test, which were subsequently used to inform a sensitivity analysis, more specifically a bootstrapped receiver operating curve to determine cut-off scores for each variable. Results The national elite cohort scored better than state- and sub-elite cohorts on the LSPT, however, the state elite produced the fastest time before penalties. The sub-elite cohort scored less points on the LPT compared to both national- and state-elite cohorts, on both feet. In regards to speed dribbling, national-elite players were faster than both the state- and sub-elite cohorts. Shooting accuracy and velocity were able to discriminate the national- and sub-elite cohorts on the dominant foot, with shooting velocity on the nondominant foot being faster for the national elite compared to both the state- and sub-elite cohorts. Conclusions A number of differences in technical ability were identified between varying levels of Australian youth soccer players. Youth soccer coaches and sports scientists should use the cut-off scores for the technical tests in the talent identification and development process, with aspiring players aiming to reach these levels.

Symptom Responses to a Continuum of Sexual Trauma

2013 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carrie M. Carretta ◽  
Ann W. Burgess
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Trauma ◽  
The United States ◽  
Symptom Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Post Hoc

This study reports the findings of an anonymous web-based survey to test differences in symptom presentation (depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) among women who experienced different types of sexual trauma (forcible, pressured, sex stress). The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design with an online convenience sample of 243 adult females living primarily in the United States. The findings revealed that there was a statistically significant difference among type of sexual trauma groups for depression (p = .013) and PTSD (p = .044) but not for anxiety (p = .183). Post hoc analysis of the overall difference in depression revealed that the multiple rape type group (p = .010) and the forcible sex group (p = .016) had higher levels of depression.

scholarly journals P130: Feasibility of self-assessing functional status in older emergency department patients

CJEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
pp. S111-S111
Author(s):  
V. Boucher ◽  
V. Boucher ◽  
M. Lamontagne ◽  
J. Lee ◽  
M. Émond
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Functional Status ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Medical Reason ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Geriatric Emergency Department (ED) guidelines recommend systematic screening of older patients for geriatric syndromes. However, compliance issues to this recommendation have already been observed. Self-assessment tools could be an interesting solution as self-assessed general, mental and physical health was shown to be predictive of functional decline and mortality. The Older Americans Resources and Services scale (OARS), is a simple geriatric functional assessment scale that is widely used by professionals to quantify patients’ ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). However, its use as a self-assessment tool has never been tested. Objective: to evaluate the feasibility of the self-assessed OARS compared to its standard administration by a research assistant (RA) in older ED patients. Methods: A planned sub-analysis of a single center randomized crossover pilot study in 2018 was realized. Patients aged ≥65 who consulted to the ED for any medical reason were included. Patients were excluded if they: 1) required resuscitation (CTAS 1); 2) were unable to consent/to speak French; 3) had a physical condition preventing the use of an electronic tablet. Patients were randomized 1:1 to either 1) tablet-based functional status self-assessment or 2) the RAs questionnaire administration at first, after which they crossed-over to the other assessment method. Paired t-tests were used to assess the score differences. Results: 60 patients were included. Mean age was 74.4 ± 7.6 and 34 (56.7%) participants were women. Mean OARS score according to RA was 25.1 ± 3.3 and mean self-assessed OARS score was 26.4 ± 2.5 (p < 0.0001). There was also differences when looking at the AVQ and AIVQ separately. Mean AVQ scores were 12.5 ± 1.8 and 13.5 ± 0.9 (p < 0.0001) and mean AIVQ scores were 12.6 ± 1.8 and 12.9 ± 1.8 (p = 0.04) for RA assessment and self-assessment, respectively. Conclusion: Our results show a statistically significant difference between RA assessment and patient self-assessment of functional status, and this difference seems to be more pronounced regarding AVQ than AIVQ. The study confirms that self-assessment of functional status by older ED patients is feasible, but further testing is required in order to confirm the validity and psychometric values of this self-administered version of the OARS.

scholarly journals Perception of OSCE as An Assessment Tool in Undergraduate Students of Private Medical College in Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2370-2374
Author(s):  
Saba Pario ◽  
Shaista Bashir Anwar ◽  
Zafar Haleem Baloch ◽  
Saira Ghafoor ◽  
Shazia Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Clinical Skills ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
P Value ◽  
Practical Skills ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

OBJECTIVE: To explore the perception of undergraduate students of United Medical and dental college towards objective structured clinical examination as an assessment tool. MATERIAL & METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study included undergraduate medical students, RESULTS: 153 students who completely filled the proforma were included in study among them 31% were male and 69% were females. Mostly agreed that stations in OSCE were simple and easily interpretable and assessed practical skills thoroughly. Majority of students accepted that skills inquired were taught in clinics, stations were according to course and stations were appropriately timed. 66 % confirmed that adequate instructions were provided before exam. 84.31% believed that OSCE is preferable to viva. 57.51% of candidates stated that examiners during OSCE were attentive and gracious but 20.91 % objected it , while 21.57% remained neutral. Almost half of examinees labelled it as comprehensive clinical assessment .Overall, 67.97 % perceived OSCE as demanding and tough assessment. Finally views of students for statement that OSCE is unbiased, reliable and valid were positive in 50.32%.There was a significant difference in the opinion of male and female( p-value is less than 0.05) in statement that OSCE thoroughly assessed practical skills, stations were according to course of instruction, Adequate instructions were provided before exam, superior and preferable to viva, assists in improvement of clinical skills, demanding and tough and finally OSCE was unbiased, reliable and valid CONCLUSION: OSCE was perceived as fair, comprehensive, un-biased format of examination but believed it was more stressful than traditional examination methods . KEY WORDS: Assessment, Attitude, OSCE, Perception, Undergraduate Medical students.

scholarly journals Medical Students’ Preference, Attitude and Perception toward Basic Medical Science Subjects in a Public University, East Malaysia

2021 ◽  
pp. 3232-3238
Author(s):  
Tin Moe Nwe ◽  
Belinda Anak Nojeb ◽  
Jeremy Hoo Ting Wang ◽  
Mathilda Frances Anak Julius ◽  
Nurul Izzah Mawaddah Mohamad Johar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Public University ◽  
Medical Intervention ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Basic Medical Science ◽  
East Malaysia ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Basic Medical

Introduction: Medical students build their clinical knowledge from previously obtained basic medical science knowledge during the pre-clinical year. The pre-clinical performances have some predictive value in the clinical discipline. Basic Medical Science (BMS) taught in pre-clinical years also supported the development of clinical reasoning skills and critical analysis of medical intervention. This study explored the preference, attitude and perception toward BMS subjects among the pre-clinical medical students. Materials and methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 189 pre-clinical students in a public university in East Malaysia by using the nine-scale statements questionnaires by West and co-workers. An independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation and simple linear regression were used to analyze the data. Results: Among 10 BMS subjects, anatomy (29.1%) is the most preferred, followed by pathology (24.9%). Subject preference is influenced by the interesting curriculum with the highest frequency of 100%, followed by clinically useful (75.0%). The majority of students found poor attitude and perception in some items. There is no significant difference in attitude and perception toward BMS subjects between Year 1 and Year 2 students, male and female, different pre-university programs, students with scholarship and self-finance, and having family members in the medical field and those without. Conclusions and recommendation: Different teaching styles of medical faculty along with coordination with clinical departments may help the students to be more interested in learning medical education. Further study on the teaching techniques that aid in positive attitude and perception of pre-clinical students should be done.

scholarly journals Nurses’ Awareness on Patient Safety Culture in A Newly Established University Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-127
Author(s):  
Mohd Said Nurumal ◽  
Najwatul Madihah Sabran ◽  
Siti Hazariah Abdul Hamid ◽  
Muhammad Kamil Che Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Patient Safety ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Safety Culture ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Patient Safety Culture ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

As a vital part of patient care delivery, patient safety culture contributes to the quality of care provided by nurses. Safe patient care is positively linked to the attitudes of nurses. This study aimed to assess the perception of nurses working in a newly established teaching hospital. A cross-sectional study involving 194 nurses from three different units was conducted by using a 24-item Hospital Survey of Patient Safety Culture. Data on gender, working unit, age, years of working, and attendance in workshops on patient safety were also collected. The majority of the nurses had a positive total score of patient safety culture. The lowest score was 76 (63%), and the highest score was 120 (96%). The awareness on patient safety culture significantly differed between gender, years of working, and working units. Post-hoc comparisons using Tukey’s HSD test yielded a significant difference between nurses from critical care units and those from medical and surgical units. The mean score and total positive score on awareness on patient safety culture of the former were higher than those of the latter. Overall, the majority of the staff nurses in International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Center had a positive total score on awareness on patient safety culture. Awareness on patient safety, which is considered crucial worldwide, should be enhanced to influence the development of a positive patient safety culture within hospitals. This implementation would directly develop high-quality care to patients and positively impact health organizations.Abstrak  Kesadaran Perawat terhadap Budaya Keselamatan Pasien di Rumah Sakit Universitas yang Baru Dibangun. Sebagai bagian penting dari pemberian perawatan pasien, budaya keselamatan pasien berkontribusi pada kualitas perawatan yang diberikan oleh perawat. Perawatan pasien yang aman secara positif terkait dengan sikap perawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai persepsi perawat yang bekerja di rumah sakit pendidikan yang baru dibangun. Sebuah studi cross-sectional yang melibatkan 194 perawat dari tiga unit yang berbeda dilakukan dengan menggunakan Survei Rumah Sakit Budaya Keselamatan Pasien. Data tentang jenis kelamin, unit kerja, usia, tahun kerja, dan kehadiran dalam lokakarya tentang keselamatan pasien juga dikumpulkan. Mayoritas perawat memiliki skor total positif dari budaya keselamatan pasien. Skor terendah adalah 76 (63%), dan skor tertinggi adalah 120 (96%). Kesadaran tentang budaya keselamatan pasien berbeda secara signifikan antara jenis kelamin, tahun kerja, dan unit kerja. Perbandingan post-hoc menggunakan uji HSD Tukey menghasilkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara perawat dari unit perawatan kritis dan mereka dari unit medis dan bedah. Skor rata-rata dan skor total positif pada kesadaran tentang budaya keselamatan pasien dari yang pertama lebih tinggi daripada yang terakhir. Secara keseluruhan, mayoritas staf perawat di International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Center memiliki skor total positif pada kesadaran tentang budaya keselamatan pasien. Kesadaran akan keselamatan pasien, yang dianggap penting di seluruh dunia, harus ditingkatkan untuk memengaruhi perkembangan budaya keselamatan pasien yang positif di rumah sakit. Implementasi ini secara langsung akan mengembangkan perawatan berkualitas tinggi kepada pasien dan berdampak positif bagi organisasi kesehatan.Kata Kunci: budaya, perawat, keselamatan pasien, rumah sakit

scholarly journals Changes in retina's vascular and nervous structures in patients with hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Run-ze Zhao ◽  
Melba Márquez Fernández ◽  
Maria Cáceres Toledo ◽  
Teddy Osmin Tamargo Barbeito ◽  
Guo-xun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Ganglion Cell Complex ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Introduction: This study aims to analyze the correlation between hypertension (HTN) and changes in the retina's vascular and nervous structures in patients with hypertension.Method: This was a cross-sectional study, which included a group of 45 subjects who did not suffer from hypertension (HTN) (Group 1), other two groups of 51 patients with controlled (Group 2) and not controlled (Group 3) HTN. Changes in vascular and nervous structures were identified and evaluated by ophthalmoscopy and OCT, respectively. Parametric and non-parametric tests, Post-hoc, Pearson, and Spearman correlation were used, with p<0.05 considered statistically significant.Results: We observed hypertensive retinopathy (HTNR G I and II) in both groups with HTN, with a significant difference (p=0.023). We found a lower average retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), the average and minimum ganglion cell complex (GCC) in the patients of groups 2 and 3 than those of group 1. We found a negative and slight correlation between systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HTNR with superior GCC thickness in hypertensive patients.Conclusions: hypertension correlated to changes in the retina's vascular and nervous structures, and the nervous structure alterations were not visible by ophthalmoscopy but detected by OCT.

Connection Between Indications of Binocular Single Vision Anomalies and Punctum Proximum Among University Students of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajib Mandal
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Single Vision ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Binocular Single Vision ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Asymptomatic Subjects

Purpose: To evaluate the connection between indications of binocular single vision anomalies and punctum proximum among university students of India. Method: This was a cross-sectional prospective study of 90 randomly selected subjects age ranging from18-26 years. The subjects were paramedical students studying in A.J Institute of medical science, Mangalore. After going through a detailed ophthalmic examination including standard binocular vision examination if the subject met the inclusion criteria, according to CISS questionnaire students were divided into two groups (asymptomatic and symptomatic).NPC was measured with RAF rule asking the subject to focus on a single vertical line as a target on the rule. After data collection, data were analyzed in an excel spreadsheet using, paired t-test. Result: NPC break and recovery value are more in symptomatic (9.479±0.3653 and 10.845±0.4865) subjects than asymptomatic subjects (6.033±1.3966 and 7.598±1.3921), with a highly significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: Strong relationship was found between anomalies binocular single vision symptoms and punctum proximum (PP). The assurance of PP is useful to separate the indicative of symptomatic subjects from the asymptomatic. PP was more in symptomatic groups when compared to asymptomatic groups.

scholarly journals Serum level of il-6 in patients of type-ii diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy: a comparative study

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-529
Author(s):  
Nadeem Afzal ◽  
Rasheed Anjum ◽  
Ahmed Nadeem ◽  
Khursheed Javed ◽  
Faheem Shahzad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Duration Of Disease ◽  
Group Ii

Aim: Pakistan has 6.9 million people with diabetes mellitus (DM) that will be doubled by 2025. A study was designed to determine serum levels of IL-6 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: It was a cross-sectional case-control study of 212 subjects. Group-I included 30 subjects without DM, Group-II had 30 T2DM without retinopathy and Group-III had 152 T2DM with retinopathy. IL-6 was determined by ELISA technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.0.Results: More females were in Group-II (83%) and Group-III (66%) compared to Group-I (30%). Higher age was in Group-II (49yrs) and Group-III (50yrs) compared to Group-I (34yrs). Mean duration of disease (in years) was more in Group-III (10.51) than Group-II (7.76). Highest mean level of IL-6 was in Group-II, followed by Group-I and Group-III. On comparison, gender, age, duration of disease and the level of IL-6, there was a significant difference while there was no significant difference between percentages of HbA1c. The logistic regression model suggested low levels of IL-6 in patients of diabetic retinopathy was an independent predictor of retinopathy in patients with T2DM.Conclusion: Serum level of IL-6 was low in patients of diabetic retinopathopathy as compared to patients with T2DM without retinopathy.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.525-529

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