Analysis of Chronic Disease Direct Cost at Public Primary Health Cares in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 762-767
Author(s):  
Indriyati Hadi Sulistyaningrum ◽  
Susi Ari Kristina ◽  
Ali Ghufron Mukti ◽  
Satibi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Drug Cost ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
P Value ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objectives: This study aims to analyze the of drug costs for patients with chronic diseases in the capitation system in public primary health cares (Public PHCs). Materials and Methods: This research is a quantitative study with an observational cross-sectional approach at 16 Public PHCs. Data collection used the retrospective method. The total sample was 293 outpatients in 2016. Results: The results showed that 63% of patients are female. The most patients are aged between 56-65 years (37%). The average drug cost for patients receiving more than 3 types of drugs is IDR 7,726. The biggest drug cost is patients with DM type 2 with which the average cost is IDR 7.400. And the metformin treatment is 17 (6%) patients with the cost IDR 4,500,-. Chi-square analysis shows that the quantity of drug items, type of disease and prescriptions there are have significant effect on drug cost (p-value <0.05). However, gender and age group there are no significant effect on drug cost (p-value >0.05). Drug prescriptions are an important component in managing chronic diseases patients. Prescribing costs provide important information in the sustainability of the management of chronic disease programs. Conclusion: This study recommends that the prolanis policy in public PHCs is focused on the elderly age group patients and female group. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(4) 2021 p.762-767

scholarly journals Relationship Of Chronic Disease With Psychososial Problems In Patients In Gunung Jati Hospital Cirebon

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
Endah Sari Purbaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
P Value ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Depression Anxiety Stress Scale ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Relationship Of

Any disease suffered by every human being will be perceived by humans as an affliction to the psychological and social consequences of humans. Psychosocial aspects are very important to be taken into account because a journey of chronic illness makes the patient feel that he has no hope, feelings of fear, anxiety, frustration, no power until feelings of anger arise in him. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship of Chronic Disease with Psychosocial Problems in patients at Gunung Jati Cirebon Hospital. This research uses descriptive correlational method with Cross Sectional approach. The sampling technique that will be used in this study uses purposive sampling technique 61 respondents. Using the Kuesinoer Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS), the statistical analysis technique used was the Chi Square analysis model. The results of the study explained that the most chronic disease suffered by respondents was DM (32.8%), most of the respondents had moderate category psychosocial problems as many as 37, there was a relationship of Chronic Disease with Psychosocial Problems in patients at Gunung Jati Cirebon Hospital with p value = 0,000 (at α = 0,05) or p value <α. the suggestion that researchers can convey is that they can carry out community service activities by conducting cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with chronic diseases to prevent psychosocial disorders and as support for patients with chronic diseases.

scholarly journals The influence of primary health care organizational models on patients’ experience of care in different chronic disease situations

2011 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Pineault ◽  
S Provost ◽  
M Hamel ◽  
A Couture ◽  
JF Levesque
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Organizational Models ◽  
Experience Of Care ◽  
Primary Health

Objectives To examine the extent to which experience of care varies across chronic diseases, and to analyze the relationship of primary health care (PHC) organizational models with the experience of care reported by patients in different chronic disease situations. Methods We linked a population survey and a PHC organizational survey conducted in two regions of Quebec. We identified five groups of chronic diseases and contrasted these with a no–chronic-disease group. Results Accessibility of care is low for all chronic conditions and shows little variation across diseases. The contact and the coordination-integrated models are the most accessible, whereas the single-provider model is the least. Process and outcome indices of care experience are much higher than accessibility for all conditions and vary across diseases, with the highest being for cardiovascular-risk-factors and the lowest for respiratory diseases (for people aged 44 and under). However, as we move from risk factors to more severe chronic conditions, the coordination-integrated and community models are more likely to generate better process of care, highlighting the greater potential of these two models to meet the needs of more severely chronically ill individuals within the Canadian health care system.

scholarly journals Health Equity of Rural Residents in Southwest China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Mei Li ◽  
Jing Kou ◽  
Zhen Yu ◽  
Yuan-Yuan Xiao ◽  
Qiong Meng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Health Equity ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rural Residents ◽  
Educational Levels

The Chinese government stresses healthcare reform to improve the health of all residents in urban and rural areas. However, much research showed that inequities still existed in health status and health services utilization in China, especially in economically disadvantaged areas. Southwest China's Yunnan Province is an ethnic frontier region with lagging economic development. This study analyzed health equity among rural residents with various socio-economic and demographic statuses in Yunnan Province. Research on this area concerns rural residents. Our study was based on a household study sample consisting of 27,395 participants from six counties in Yunnan. For all participants, data on demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and health status were collected. The chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze factors influencing health. The concentration index was used to evaluate health equity. For all respondents, the 2-week prevalence, the prevalence of chronic diseases, and the required hospitalization rate were 7.3, 12.8, and 9.2%, respectively. After adjusting the age proportion of the sixth population census of Yunnan Province, the 2-week prevalence was 7.1%, the prevalence of chronic disease was 10.7%, and the hospitalization rate was 8.4%. The concentration indexes (CIs) reflecting health equity among the respondents with different incomes and educational levels were negative. There was health inequity among respondents with different incomes and educational levels. The respondents with lower incomes and educational levels had worse health. The common influencing factors included gender, age, ethnicity, occupation, marriage status, and the number of family members. Females, the aged, ethnic minorities, farmers, and the divorced or widowed had worse health status than the control groups. Larger numbers of family members correlated with better health. The respondents with lower incomes or educational levels had higher chronic disease prevalences. The associations between the 2-week prevalence, required hospitalization rate, and age were U-shaped; the lowest age group and the highest age group had higher rates. In conclusion, more attention should be paid to females, the aged, ethnic minorities, farmers, the divorced or widowed, residents with low income and low educational level, and those with chronic diseases.

COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF SPIROMETRY PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY YOUNG AND ELDERLY ADULTS POPULATION IN PUNJAB, INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Ajay Pal Singh ◽  
Kailash Meena ◽  
Surinder Pal Singh ◽  
Avnish Kumar ◽  
Ashish Shukla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pulmonary Medicine ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Adults ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related

INTRODUCTION: Spirometry is a vital tool for the assessment of pulmonary function status. Spirometry can be used to demonstrate the age-related decline in pulmonary function. The spirometry values can be used as reference values for a particular age group. The aims of our study was to compare spirometry values between the young and elderly groups and evaluate age-related changes in both groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 600 adults, which divided into two healthy groups: one was of young adults (18-35 years), and other was of elderly adults (>60 years) of 300 persons, each taken over a period of one year, in the Department of pulmonary medicine, a tertiary care hospital, Punjab. We conducted spirometry in both age group. Spirometry values were measured FVC, FEV1, FVC/FEV1, PEFR, and FEF25- 75 % of each groups.The subjects were selected based on random sampling RESULT: Spirometry values compared between young and elderly adults. Mean BMI in young and elderly groups was 25.09±2.87 and 25.82±2.45, respectively. Spirometry values in FVC , FEV1, FEV1/FVC , PEFR and FEF25-75% in young was 4.31± 0.18 , 3.84,± 0.88± 0.02, 9.87± 0.38 and 3.75 ±0.26 and elderly age group 3.01±, 2.60 ±0.85± 0.02, 7.70± 0.30 and 2.82 ± 0.26. On statistical analysis, p value <0.001 in all spirometry parameters. CONCLUSION: The study shows that there was a decline in spirometry parameters of healthy adults with the increase in age. This decline was signicant in all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, PEFR, FEF25–75%) measured in the present study

Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Antibody among Outpatients of Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (07) ◽  
pp. 5521-5527
Author(s):  
Dr Oluwayemisi Agnes Olorode ◽  
Ofonime M. Ogba ◽  
Williams E. Ebisin
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
P Value ◽  
World Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Test Kit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Helicobacter Pylori Antibody

Helicobacter Pylori is the most common chronic bacterial infection (acquired early childhood) in humans affecting 50% of the world population and much attention has not been paid to this. This study was carried out between February and October 2019 to test for the presence of Helicobacter Pylori antibody among asymptomatic individuals attending Federal Medical Center, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State. A total of 200 {114(57%) males, 86(43%) females} blood samples were collected at ramdom into Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) bottles and immediately transported to the laboratory for analysis using Helicobacter pylori Serology rapid blood test kit. Age was stratified to allow for comparison because the entire outcome was age dependent. Chi square analysis was conducted for the categorical variable. Findings showed that out of 200 samples examined, 88(44%) forty (40 (45%) males and 48(55%) females were positive to Helicobacter pylori infection while 112(56%) were negative. Females of age range 24 -33 had the highest prevalence of 24 (27%) while male of age group 14 to 23 had 21(24%); females of 34 to 44 was 16(18%); 54-63 had 4(05%) and the least was 44 to 53 years with prevalence of 3(03%).  There was a significant difference across the age group and socio-demographic characteristic at p-value = 0.0001 < 0.05 and p-value =0.002068 < 0.05, p-value = 0.000916 <0.05 respectively. Observations showed the higher prevalence in females (53%) than their males (47%) counterparts; likewise the infected individuals host this organism ignorantly and busy treating out of line.  Study with more than one diagnostic technique is recommended to determine the presence of Helicobacter pylori, as rapid blood test is limited due to the presence of antibody in the serum for long after eradication. In conclusion, routine medical examination on Helicobacter pylori is encouraged among individuals in respective of age and status.

scholarly journals Clinico-biochemical profile of chronic kidney disease patients in elderly age group in a tertiary care centre

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4227
Author(s):  
Atul V. Rajkondawar ◽  
Amit Yele
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains one of the major health problems in India. Renal function steadily deteriorates as age advances and advancing age has been indicted to have adverse implications in the disease progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). With the present study, clinico-biochemical profiling of chronic kidney disease patients in geriatric age group as well as comparison with non-elderly patients was undertaken.Methods: In this cross-sectional observational study, 100 patients of CKD admitted in the tertiary care study centre were enrolled consecutively and assessed for symptoms, signs and biochemical parameters over two years. Study subjects were divided into two groups:- Group 1: Elderly patients- aged 60 years or more, and Group 2: Non-elderly patients- less than 60 years of age. Relevant comparisons were drawn statistically and tested for significance.Results: Pallor and pedal edema were observed to be the commonest clinical features across groups. Elderly group shows higher prevalence of severe anaemia (mean hemoglobin- 7.4 gm%). Higher prevalence of clinical and biochemical derangement was found in patients with relatively lower GFR. Elderly age group also had more prevalence of electrolyte abnormalities compared with non-elderly population, with statistically significant difference observed for hyponatremia (p value- 0.023), hypoproteinemia (p value- 0.0078) and blood urea level (p value- 0.0054).Conclusions: Understanding beforehand the biochemical abnormalities associated with old age in CKD patients helps in appropriate modifications in patient management.

scholarly journals Frequency and Pattern of Malignant Lesions of Skin

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 700-706
Author(s):  
Md Abdur Razzaque ◽  
Avisak Bhattacharjee ◽  
Urmi Bhattacharjee ◽  
Mohammad Asif Ekram Bhuiyan ◽  
Rashidul Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Malignant Melanoma ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Melanocytic Lesions ◽  
Malignant Skin ◽  
Head Neck

Malignant skin lesions can be widely categorized as melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancer. Skin cancer represents approximately two to four percent of all cancers in Asians. One in every three cancers diagnosed is a skin cancer and one in every five Americans will develop skin cancer in their lifetime.Objective: To determine the frequency and pattern of different malignant skin lesions in our situation.Methods: It was a prospective cross sectional study that was conducted in Surgery, Dermatology, Oncology & Plastic Surgery department of KYAMCH, Sirajgonj from January 2015 to June 2015. Total 60 patients were selected by purposive sampling as a diagnosed case of malignant skin lesion. The data were collected by the active participation of the patients' interviewed by the preformed proforma of data collection sheet and then data were gathered, decorated, tabulated after data cleaning and edition. Then the results were found and they were tested by chi-square test (qualitative data) to see their level of significance i,e p-value which was set as the cut off level at <0.05. So if p-value is >0.05 the results are not significant.Results: The data analysis of 60 patients yielded the following results. Malignant skin lesions were commonly found in the elderly age group (>60yrs) 38.33%. Majority of them had non-melanocytic cancer (56.67%). Mean age of the male respondent was 58.79±6.54 and female respondent was 55.20 6.29 years. Maximum patients were male 66.67%. The male to female ratio was 2:1. According to anatomical site head-neck (52.94%) is the commonest site for non-melanocytic carcinoma whereas lower limb is the commonest site for malignant melanoma (69.23%).Conclusion: Malignant skin lesions were commonly present as melanoma and non-melanocytic carcinoma where man were more affected due to sunlight exposure and non-melanocytic lesions were more than malignant melanoma. Elderly age group are commonly affected. Head-neck is the commonest site for non-melanocytic lesions and lower limb is the commonest site for malignant melanoma. All cases seek initial medical attention commonly in advanced stage.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-1, Jul 2016, Page 700-706

scholarly journals Association Between Mother Factors With Prelacteal Feeding Practice To Newborn In Working Area Of Air Dingin Primary Health Center 2017

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93
Author(s):  
Yunita Chairani ◽  
Yuniar Lestari
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
P Value ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Primary Health Center ◽  
Prelacteal Feeding ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

The maintenance of infant health can be done by early and exclusive breastfeeding. However, exclusive breastfeeding has not been achieved. This may be due to the administration of prelakteal foods. Prelacteal feeding  practice define as administration of food/drink despite of breastmilk without indication to newborn during the first three days without any medical indication. The purpose of this study is to determine the association between maternal factors with prelakteal feeding to newborns in the working area of Air Dingin Primary Health Center. This study was an analytical study with cross sectional design with a sample of mothers who have babies aged 0-12 months in the working area of Air Dingin Primary Health Center. This study was conducted from November 2016 to October 2017. Data will analyze using chi square analysis (p <0.05). A total of 63% of mothers administrated prelakteal foods. The result revealed  p-value between prelakteal feeding and maternal knowledge (p = 0,03), parity (0,037) and mother’s job status (p = 0,771). There was a significant relationship between maternal knowledge and parity with prelakteal feeding. It is necessary to provide information to the mother by health workers and to increase mother awareness to get information from KIA book. As well as a concern on primipara mothers. 

scholarly journals Prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia among dental patients - An institutional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 628-634
Author(s):  
Prashaanthi N ◽  
Santhosh Kumar M P ◽  
Shantha Sundari K K
Keyword(s):  
Trigeminal Neuralgia ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
P Value ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Elderly Age ◽  
Dental Patients ◽  
Dental Hospital ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Right

Trigeminal neuralgia is a chronic condition which produces severe pain involving a part of the face. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of trigeminal neuralgia among dental patients visiting a dental institution. This retrospective study included patients who were diagnosed with trigeminal neuralgia from July 2019 to March 2020 in a dental hospital. The digital case records of all patients were retrieved and details were recorded, which included the clinical, radiographic examination and treatment undergone by the patients. Variables such as age, gender, site of involvement were also retrieved from the case records. Data were tabulated and statistically analysed using IBM SPSS version 23.0 and results obtained. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In the present study, out of 28 patients, males (53.6%) were more affected by trigeminal neuralgia than females (46.4%) with a higher prevalence on the right side (57.1%). Quadrant I (25%) and combination of quadrant II and quadrant III (25%) were most commonly involved by this condition. No statistically significant association was found between age and quadrant affected; gender and quadrant affected. (p>0.05). It can be concluded from our study that males were more affected with trigeminal neuralgia, the majority involving the right side of the face and seen commonly among the elderly age group. Dentists must be aware of the clinical features of trigeminal neuralgia for accurate diagnosis and early initiation of prompt treatment to avoid untoward complications.

scholarly journals SISTEM SKORING UNTUK MEMPREDIKSI KEJADIAN HIPERTENSI PADA USIA PRODUKTIF DI KOTA MEDAN (PRELIMINARY STUDY)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Yohanes Firmansyah ◽  
Ernawati Ernawati ◽  
Evy Luciana Prawiro
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Salt Consumption ◽  
Lack Of Sleep

Hypertension is a chronic disease that attacks all ages, with  multifactorial cause especially lifestyle. The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for productive age to predict the likelihood of developing hypertension in the future. Methods used Cross-sectional method was applied to the respondents in several factories and offices in Medan in August 2014, and the independent variables were tested using the chi-square test and then conducted a multivariate follow-up test. As Results, 352 respondents who met the inclusion criteria. there are 118 suffering from hypertension. Multivariate analysis was carried out on gender, nutritional status, salt consumption, fast food consumption, exercise, smoking, alcohol, income, amount of  children, lack of sleep, psychological conditions, consumption of fatty foods, consumption of  foods high in vegetables and fruits, consumption of coffee- soda-tea, chronic disease, routine drug consumption, and contraception pills. The risk factors that can be estimated as predictors of hypertension in the productive age group (backward LR analysis, p-value <0.001 , i.e. salt consumption (p-value <0.001), junk food consumption (p-value 0.001), sleep less than 6 hours (p-value 0.008), vegetable consumption (p-value 0.039), and chronic diseases (p-value 0.006). Conclusion of the study are Five independent variables, salt consumption,  fast food,  vegetables, lack of sleep and chronic diseases that play role independently of hypertension. We recommend that prognostic scoring for hypertension at productive age be used after further testing in the form of validity and reliability.ABSTRAK Hipertensi merupakan penyakit kronis yang menyerang semua usia dengan penyebab  multifaktor, terutama gaya hidup. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui faktor risiko pada usia produktif untuk memprediksi kemungkinan terkena hipertensi dikemudian hari. Metode yang digunakan adalah Potong lintang pada responden di beberapa pabrik dan kantor di Kota Medan periode Agustus 2014, serta variabel bebas diuji dengan uji chi-square lalu dilakukan uji lanjutan multivariat. Hasil Penelitian yaitu 352 responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. terdapat 118 menderita hipertensi. Analisa multivariat dilakukan pada variabel jenis kelamin, status gizi, konsumsi garam, konsumsi makanan cepat saji, olahraga, merokok, alkohol, penghasilan, banyak anak, kurang tidur, kondisi psikologi, konsumsi makanan berlemak, konsumsi makanan tinggi sayur dan buah, konsumsi kopi-teh-soda, penyakit kronis, konsumsi obat rutin, dan pil KB. Faktor risiko yang dapat diperkirakan sebagai alat prediksi kejadian hipertensi pada kelompok usia produktif (analisis secara “Backward LR, p-value < 0.001), yaitu konsumsi garam (p-value <0,001), konsumsi junkfood (p-value 0,001), lama tidur kurang dari 6 jam (p-value 0,008), konsumsi sayur (p-value 0,039), dan penyakit kronis (p-value 0,006). Kesimpulan yang didapatkan yaitu bahwa Lima variabel bebas yaitu konsumsi garam, makanan cepat saji, sayuran, lama tidur kurang dan penyakit kronis berperan secara mandiri terhadap hipertensi.  Kami merekomendasikan skoring prognostik untuk hipertensi pada usia produktif ini digunakan setelah dilakukan uji lanjutan berupa uji kesahihan dan kehandalan.

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