scholarly journals Drug sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli isolated from samples of different biological and environmental sources

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Zinnah ◽  
MH Haque ◽  
MT Islam ◽  
MT Hossain ◽  
MR Bari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Intermediate Phase ◽  
Sensitivity Test ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Human Faces

A total of 100 different E. coli isolates collected from 10 different biological and environmental sources (10 isolates from each source) such as human faces, human urine, cattle, sheep, goat, chicken, duck, pigeon, drain sewage and soil were used for in-vitro drug sensitivity test in the Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh during the period from January to May 2007. Ten different drugs such as Gentamicin (GM), Azithromycin (AZM), Erythromycin (E), Levofloxacin (LVX), Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Tetracycline (TE), Amoxicillin (A), Ampicillin (AP), Nalidixic acid (NA) and Metronidazole (MET) were used in this study. Sensitivity test was carried out by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per recommendation of National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards and efficacy of a drug was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition that results from diffusion of the agent in to the medium surrounding the disc. A high of 80% and 78% E. coli isolates collectively from all the selected sources were sensitive to LVX and CIP respectively, followed by GM (46%), AZM (45%), TE (30%), AP (29%), E (19%), NA (18%) and A (15%). No isolate was sensitive to MET (0%). Incase of resistance, 96% isolates were resistant to MET, followed by A (72%), E (69%), NA (67%), TE (60%), AP (59%), AZM (33%) and GM (32%), CIP (8%) and LVX (5%). A number of isolates showed intermediate reaction to GM (22%), AZM (22%), LVX (15%), NA (15%), CIP (14%), A(13%), AP (12%), E (12%), TE (10%) and MET (4%). This may be an intermediate phase for the conversion of E. coli isolates from sensitive to resistant form. From the research it may be concluded that E. coli infection of different animals and birds and also of human being may be treated effectively with LVX and CIP followed by GM and AZM. Key words: E. coli isolates, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, efficacy, resistance DOI = 10.3329/bjvm.v6i1.1332 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2008). 6 (1): 13-18

scholarly journals Transference in vitro of the resistance to the antimicrobials between Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus spp. and Salmonella enteritidis isolated from chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1149-1153
Author(s):  
A.S Okamoto ◽  
R.L Andreatti Filho ◽  
T.S Rocha ◽  
E.L Milbradt
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Standard Method ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
National Committee ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Normal Microbiota ◽  
Lactobacillus Spp

The objective of this work was to verify the possibility of transference of resistance to the antimicrobials between bacteria that are in the present normal microbiota of chickens and Salmonella Enteritidis. Samples of Lactobacillus spp. (L. spp.), Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) and Escherichia coli (E. coli) previously isolated from chickens, selected after the test of sensitivity antimicrobial in vitro according the standard method (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) utilizing those with resistance and sensibility to the antimicrobials inductors, named donor and receptor bacteria, respectively were used. Antimicrobials inductors were utilized to stimulate the transference of resistance to the antimicrobials between the bacteria. The possibility of transference was verified from the E. coli resistant to the SE and L. spp. Transference of a sample of L. spp resistant to the antimicrobials inductors to the SE was also verified. It was only possible to verify the transference of the resistance to the antimicrobials inductor when the donor bacteria was the E. coli and the bacteria receptor was SE. In the present study we conclude that the transference of resistance to the antimicrobials between bacteria is possible, however, not all bacteria participate in that trial, not transmitting and neither acquiring this resistance.

scholarly journals Fluconazole Susceptibilities of Bloodstream Candidasp. Isolates as Determined by National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Method M27-A and Two Other Methods

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 2197-2200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Cantón ◽  
Javier Pemán ◽  
Alfonso Carrillo-Muñoz ◽  
Ana Orero ◽  
Pedro Ubeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Inhibition Zone Diameter ◽  
Zone Diameter ◽  
The Mean

The in vitro activity of fluconazole against 143Candida spp. obtained from the bloodstreams of 143 hospitalized patients from 1995 to 1997 was studied. Susceptibility tests were carried out by two macrodilution methods, the M27-A and a modified M27-A method (0.165 M, pH 7/morpholinepropanesulfonic acid-buffered RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 20 g ofd-dextrose per liter), and by the agar diffusion method (with 15-μg fluconazole [Neo-Sensitab] tablets). With 2 μg of fluconazole per ml, 96.92% of 65 C. albicans isolates, 86.2% of 58 C. parapsilosis isolates 7 of 8 C. tropicalis isolates, and 1 of 6 C. glabrata isolates were inhibited. Only one strain of C. albicans and one strain of C. tropicalis were resistant. The agreement between the two macrodilution methods was greater than 90% within ±2 log2 dilutions for all strains except C. glabrata (83.3%) and C. tropicalis(87.5%). Generally, MICs were 1 log2 dilution lower in glucose-supplemented RPMI 1640 medium. No correlation between zone sizes and MICs was found. All strains susceptible by the diffusion test were susceptible by the dilution method, but the converse was not necessarily true. Interestingly, inhibition zones were smaller forC. albicans, for which the geometric mean MIC was 0.29 μg/ml and the mean inhibition zone diameter was 25.7 mm, while for C. parapsilosis the geometric mean MIC was 0.96 μg/ml and the mean inhibition zone diameter was 31.52 mm. In conclusion, the two macrodilution methods give similar results. The modified M27-A method with 2% dextrose has the advantage of shortening the incubation time and simplifying the endpoint determination.

scholarly journals Antibiotic susceptibility of campylobacter isolates from sewage and poultry abattoir drain water

1995 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. F. J. Koenraad ◽  
W. F. Jacobs-Reitsma ◽  
T. Van Der Laan ◽  
R. R. Beumer ◽  
F. M. Rombouts
Keyword(s):  
Nalidixic Acid ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Quinolone Resistance ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Meat Processing ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Sewage Purification

SummaryIn this study, thein vitrosusceptibility of 209 campylobacter strains to the quinolones nalidixic acid, flumequine, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, and to ampicillin, tetracycline and erythromycin was tested by the disk diffusion method. The strains were isolated from poultry abattoir effluent (DWA) and two sewage purification plants (SPA and SPB). Sewage purification plant SPA received mixed sewage, including that from a poultry abattoir, whereas SPB did not receive sewage from any meat-processing industry. The quinolone resistance of the DWA isolates ranged from 28% for enrofloxacin to 50% for nalidixic acid. The strains isolated from the sewage purification plants were more susceptible to the quinolones with a range of 11–18% quinolone resistance for SPB isolates to 17–33% quinolone resistance for SPA isolates. The susceptibility criteria as recommended by National Committee Clinical Laboratory Standards (USA) cannot readily be employed for campylobacter isolates. This investigation shows that the resistance of campylobacter bacteria is highest in the plant receiving sewage from a poultry slaughterhouse. Monitoring of antibiotic resistance of aquaticCampylobacterspp. is important, as surface waters are recognized as possible sources of infection.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Group B Streptococcal Clinical Isolates

2004 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose A. Simoes ◽  
Alla A. Aroutcheva ◽  
Ira Heimler ◽  
Sebastian Faro
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Group B Streptococcus ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Group B

Objectives:To determine thein vitroresistance of group B streptococcus (GBS) to 12 antibiotics. To determine if there has been any decrease in sensitivity to the penicillins or other antibiotics currently used for GBS chemoprophylaxis in pregnant women. Find suitable alternative antibiotics to penicillin. Find an antibiotic that will have minimal selective pressure for resistance among the endogenous resident vaginal microflora.Methods:The antibiotic susceptibility profiles of 52 clinical isolates of GBS were evaluated to 12 antibiotics: ampicillin, azithromycin, cefamandole, cefazolin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, erythromycin, nitrofurantoin, ofloxacin, penicillin and vancomycin. Antibiotic sensitivities were determined using disk diffusion and microdilution methods according to the guidelines of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS).Results:All isolates were sensitive to vancomycin, ofloxacin, ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, nitrofurantoin and penicillin. However, the following number of clinical isolates exhibited intermediate or decreased sensitivity, nine (17%) to ampicillin, eight (15%) to penicillin, 14 (32%) to ciprofloxacin and one (2%) to nitrofurantoin. Thirty-one percent of the isolates were resistant to azithromycin and ceftriaxone, 19% to clindamycin, 15% to cefazolin and 13% to cefamandole. Eighteen (35%) of the clinical isolates tested were resistant to 6 of the 12 antibiotics tested.Conclusions:The relatively high rates of resistance for 6 of the 12 antibiotics tested suggest that for women allergic to penicillin and colonized with GBS, antibiotic sensitivities to their isolates should be determined. The antibiotic selected for intrapartum chemoprophylaxis should be guided by the organism’s antibiotic sensitivity pattern. Patients with GBS bacteriuria should be treated with nitrofurantoin.

scholarly journals Comparison of antimicrobial susceptibilities of Corynebacterium species by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods.

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 930-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Weiss ◽  
M Laverdière ◽  
R Rivest
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Corynebacterium Species ◽  
Broth Microdilution Method

Corynebacterium species are increasingly being implicated in foreign-body infections and in immunocompromised-host infections. However, there are no specific recommendations on the method or the criteria to use in order to determine the in vitro activities of the antibiotics commonly used to treat Corynebacterium infections. The first aim of our study was to compare the susceptibilities of various species of Corynebacterium to vancomycin, erythromycin, and penicillin by using a broth microdilution method and a disk diffusion method. Second, the activity of penicillin against our isolates was assessed by using the interpretative criteria recommended by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards for the determination of the susceptibility of streptococci and Listeria monocytogenes to penicillin. Overall, 100% of the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, while considerable variations in the activities of erythromycin and penicillin were noted for the different species tested, including the non-Corynebacterium jeikeium species. A good correlation in the susceptibilities of vancomycin and erythromycin between the disk diffusion and the microdilution methods was observed. However, a 5% rate of major or very major errors was detected with the Listeria criteria, while a high rate of minor errors (18%) was noted when the streptococcus criteria were used. Our findings indicate considerable variations in the activities of erythromycin and penicillin against the various species of Corynebacterium. Because of the absence of definite recommendations, important discrepancies were observed between the methods and the interpretations of the penicillin activity.

Substituted Imidazole-pyrazole clubbed scaffolds: Microwave assisted Synthesis and Examined their In-vitro Antimicrobial and Antituberculosis Effects

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyur M. Pandya ◽  
Janki Patel ◽  
Arpan H. Patel ◽  
Navin B. Patel ◽  
P. S. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Microwave Assisted Synthesis ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis H37rv

A series of substituted imidazole-pyrazole fused compounds were designed & fused synthesized by employing Debus-Radziszewski one-pot synthesis reaction. Azoles are an extensive and comparatively new class of synthetic com-pounds including imidazoles and pyrazoles.The current clinical treatment uses compounds of azole framework. Azoles act by inhibiting ergosterol synthesis path way (a principal component of the fungal cell wall). In addition, a literature review shows that the compounds that include imidazoles and pyrazoles have significant anti-bacterial and anti-mycobacterial ef-fects. In light of the above findings, a series of compounds with imidazole and pyrazole scaffolds were sketched and devel-oped to examine anti-bacterial, antifungal and anti-mycobacterial activity. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using 1HNMR, 13CNMR, elemental analysis, and MS spectral data. The target compounds were screened for their in-vitro antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial species by disc diffusion method according to the NCCLS (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) and anti-mycobacterial activity against the Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv strain.The results revealed that imidazole-pyrazole fused scaffold compounds have po-tential anti-bacterial, antifungal and anti-mycobacterial activity which can be further optimized to get a lead compound.

scholarly journals Detection of Resistance to Amphotericin B amongCryptococcus neoformans Clinical Isolates: Performances of Three Different Media Assessed by Using E-Test and National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A Methodologies

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (10) ◽  
pp. 2817-2822 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lozano-Chiu ◽  
V. L. Paetznick ◽  
M. A. Ghannoum ◽  
J. H. Rex
Keyword(s):  
Amphotericin B ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Yeast Nitrogen Base ◽  
Nitrogen Base ◽  
Agar Diffusion ◽  
Agar Diffusion Method

Although reliable detection of resistance in vitro is critical to the overall performance of any susceptibility testing method, the recently released National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards M27-A methodology for susceptibility testing of yeasts discriminates poorly between resistant and susceptible isolates ofCandida spp. We have previously shown that both substitution of antibiotic medium 3 for RPMI 1640 medium in the microdilution variant of the M27-A method and use of the E-test agar diffusion methodology permit detection of amphotericin B-resistantCandida isolates. To determine the relevance of these observations to Cryptococcus neoformans, we have evaluated the performances of both the M27-A and the E-test methodologies with this yeast using three different media (RPMI 1640 medium, antibiotic medium 3, and yeast nitrogen base). As with Candida, we found that only antibiotic medium 3 permitted consistent detection of resistant isolates when testing was performed in broth by the M27-A method. When testing was performed by the E-test agar diffusion method, both RPMI 1640 medium and antibiotic medium 3 agar permitted ready detection of the resistant isolates. Reading of the results after 48 h of incubation was required for testing in broth by the M27-A method, while the MIC could be determined after either 48 or 72 h when the agar diffusion method was used.

scholarly journals Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Study of Vanadium (V) oxide using Alkoxide Precursor

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Dr. Adam Hassan Elhaj Yousif ◽  
Nosaiba Abdalgadir Nusr Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Gelling Agent ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Antimicrobial Study ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ft Ir Spectroscopy

The present study is aimed to synthesize V2O5 using V(ORi)3 precursor and study its anti-microbial activity. The V(ORi)3 was prepared by reaction of VCl3 and isopropanol alcohol. The synthesized V(ORi)3 was hydrolyzed to yield black V(OH)3 gel using concentrated HCl as gelling agent. Yellow V2O5 obtained by thermal treatment of V(OH)3 gel at110oC and 380oC. All products were characterized using FT-IR Spectroscopy method. IR spectral revealed to found V(ORi)3, V(OH)3 gel and V2O5 were formed. The V2O5 has been tested in vitro against numbers of microorganisms, to assess their antimicrobial activity using disc diffusion method, according to the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards Guidelines. The results showed that V2O5 is active against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and partial active against Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli    and Candida albicans. Antimicrobial Study of VO(OR)3 is required.

scholarly journals In vitro activity of glycopeptides against clinical isolates of Entercocci from a tertiary care hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tahir Majeed Tahir Majeed ◽  
Mateen Izhar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Medical Institute ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method

Objective: The objective of this study was to establish the prevalence of glycopeptide (vancomycin and teicoplanin) resistance among clinical isolates of enterococci in Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore, and comparison of antimicrobial sensitivities of vancomycin and teicoplanin among these isolates. Design: A comparative analytical study. Place of study: This study was conducted in the Department of Microbiology, Federal Postgraduate Medical Institute, Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore. Materials and methods: 60 (Sixty) enterococci isolates were collected from clinical specimens received in the laboratory. Identification of these bacteria was done utilizing standard laboratory operating procedures. Their sensitivity to glycopeptide antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion method in accordance with the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) guidelines. Results: Results show that all enterococci were sensitive to teicoplanin. However, among these isolates 1.7% resistance to vancomycin was detected. Conclusion: The results indicate that resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics in the test organisms is low in our hospital. The presence of vancomycin resistance in 1.7% clinical enterococcal isolates necessitates strict surveillance of these organisms, institution of effective infection control policies and judicious use of antibiotics.

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