Fish diseases and strategies taken by the farmers in freshwater aquaculture at southwestern Bangladesh

To understand the present status of fish diseases and their remedial measures taken by the fish farmers, a questionnaire survey and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) tools including Focus Group Discussion (FGD) were conducted in seven districts of Bangladesh. In total 196 farmers were interviewed and nine FGD sessions were conducted. Disease occurs immediately after stocking (24%) and during the rainy season (21%) followed by cold season (19%). Mortality, abnormal swimming and feeding behavior, unusual appearance, some localized lesions and reduced growth are the main clue to recognize the fish disease. The most frequently observed diseases were epizootic ulcerative syndromes (18.72%) followed by tail and fin rot (13.19%), red spot (11.49%), gill rot (9.36%), parasitic disease (8.93%), broken prawn antennae (7.23%), and other environmental and nutritional diseases. To cure these diseases, farmers applied the following treatments: lime and potash, liming, lime and salt, lime alone, salt and potash, antibiotics, various chemicals, high doses of vitamin C, complete water exchange, and transport to another pond. This study showed that diseases can play important roles in freshwater aquaculture, but this role is often not recognized due to a lack of knowledge and veterinary backstopping services.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 111-122, 2016

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Aqua-drugs and chemicals: impact on fish health and production in Mymensingh, Bangladesh

Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries ◽

10.3329/ralf.v2i1.23054 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 161-168

Author(s):

Gias Uddin Ahmed ◽

Md Towhid Hasan ◽

Md Ali Reza Faruk ◽

Md Khalilur Rahman ◽

Md Nazmul Hoque

Keyword(s):

Potassium Permanganate ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Personal Contact ◽

Fish Disease ◽

Fish Health ◽

Disease Treatment ◽

Average Recovery ◽

Different Types ◽

Rural Appraisal ◽

Drug Sellers

Correction: On 29th April 2015 the page numbers of this article were changed from 159-166 to 161-168.The present study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of aqua-drugs and chemicals on fish health and production in Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2013 to June 2014. Data were collected through personal contact, market survey, focus group discussion and participatory rural appraisal with fish farmers, associations and aqua-drug sellers. Fifty five different types of aqua-drugs and chemicals were recorded in the study area, among those, 20 types were widely used by the farmers for different fish disease treatment. It was recorded that renamycine, cotrim vet, ossi-c, polgard plus and timsen were used for the treatment of EUS in pangus, tilapia and koi which had an average recovery of 75-85%. For the treatment of edwardsiellosis in pangus and koi, farmers used potassium permanganate, timsen, polgard plus, geolite gold and renamycine which had an average recovery of 65-80%, and for the treatment of dropsy in tilapia, aquamycine, ossi-c and potassium permanganate were used which had an average of 80-85% recovery. Histopathology of gill and liver of fishes were almost normal in control ponds, whereas, in drugs treated ponds the organs had pathological changes like necrosis, pyknotic cells, hemorrhage, hypertrophy, lamellar missing, talengiactasis and vacuums. However, production of pangus, tilapia and koi was 12000 kg/acre, 15000 kg/acre and 14000 kg/acre in drug treated ponds respectively, whereas, it was 5000 kg/acre, 9000 kg/acre and 8000 kg/acre in non-treaded ponds respectively.Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.2(1): 161-168, April 2015

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ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN USAHA PETERNAKAN SAPI PERAH DI KECAMATAN UNGARAN TIMUR KABUPATEN SEMARANG

SEPA Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian dan Agribisnis ◽

10.20961/sepa.v12i1.14208 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 95

Author(s):

T. Dalmiyatun ◽

W. Roessali ◽

W. Sumekar ◽

D. Mardiningsih

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Venn Diagram ◽

Small Scale ◽

Daily Routine ◽

Seed Selection ◽

Production Factors ◽

Thematic Mapping ◽

Technology Resources ◽

Single Technique ◽

Rural Appraisal

This research aimed to study the needs of members of farmers District East Ungaran Semarang Regency for the development of their farming. This research analyzed descriptively by using the approach of PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal) approach, with the techniques of thematic mapping, trends and changes, seasonal calendar, daily routine, livelihood analysis and Venn Diagram on dairy farmers.Results from the application of each single technique then was discussed in Focused Group Discussion (FGD) attended by village officers and extension worker. The results of the study can be contained in rank as follows: 1) The activities carried out by members of dairy farmer groups is still traditional. Technologies of seed selection,feed, milking, harvest and post-harvest has not been much progress, yet, 2) Limited knowledge and access to sources of technology, resources, and capital and programs for both private and government 3) Limitation of production facilities and infrastructure, which resulted in small-scale livestock ownership with inadequate productivity, and 4) Limited mastery of market information, both for sale of the products and purchase of the production factors.

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Peningkatan Kapasitas Masyarakat dan Identifikasi Potensi Wisata dalam Pengembangan Desa Watu Tiri Sebagai Desa Wisata

Jurnal Abdimas Pariwisata ◽

10.36276/jap.v2i1.23 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 8-13

Author(s):

Ida Ayu Rostini ◽

Roseven Rudiyanto

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

English Language ◽

Hot Springs ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Community Based ◽

Community Capacity Building ◽

Tourism Sector ◽

Service Activity ◽

Tourism Potential ◽

Rural Appraisal

Community Capacity Building and Identification of Tourism Potential in the Development of Watu Tiri Village as a Tourism VillageThis community service activity aims to increase the capacity of the Watu Tiri Village community in the tourism sector and identify existing tourism potentials. In this activity, there are three approaches taken, including Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Community-based development, and participatory. Data collection used focus group discussion (FGD) techniques and field observations. The tourism potentials identified in this community service activity include Mberenang Beach and hot springs as natural tourism potential, while cultural potential includes the activity of weaving single for women and traditional ceremonies in Watu Tiri Village. It can be concluded that in developing Watu Tiri Village as a tourism village, assistance activities such as promotion and e-commerce training, guiding training and English language training, and improving the mitigation system in the Mberenang Beach area are still needed to improve its image

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An overview of fish disease and parasite occurrence in the cage culture of Oreochromis niloticus: A case study in Lake Victoria, Kenya

Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management ◽

10.14321/aehm.024.01.08 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 24 (1) ◽

pp. 43-55

Author(s):

Venny Mziri Mwainge ◽

Caleb Ogwai ◽

Christopher Mulanda Aura ◽

Alice Mutie ◽

Veronica Ombwa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Infections ◽

Lake Victoria ◽

Oxygen Demand ◽

Fungal Growth ◽

Fish Disease ◽

Cage Culture ◽

Fish Diseases ◽

Parasitic Copepods ◽

Treatment Action ◽

Consequent Reduction

Abstract Cage aquaculture has been on a steady rise in Lake Victoria, Kenya, since 2016, resulting in the current culturing of over 3,600 cages of Tilapia (O. niloticus) (Orina et al., 2018). Unfortunately, there has been limited, if any, focus on fish health aspects. Rise in intensification and commercialization predisposes fish stocks to disease due to rise in stress levels and consequent reduction in the fish immunity. Nutrient rich surroundings create a conducive environment for rapid proliferation of bacterial and saprophytic fungal growth leading to net clogging and consequently a low biological oxygen demand. Such conditions predispose the stocks to infections. This study was conducted to provide a baseline analysis of the health conditions/status of the cultured fish in this region. It encompassed studies from 2016 to 2018 on tilapia of the genus O. niloticus using both experimental (using standard procedures and protocols) and socio-economic studies (using structured questionnaires, see annexure 1). Results found the following occurrences; bacterial infections (10%), fungal infestations (12.5%), myxosporean parasites in the gills (5%), parasitic copepods (10%) and fin rot (2.5%) in the stocks. There were no significant differences between abiotic parameters in the cage locations and the wild (p > 0.05). Additionally, 90% of the respondents had no fish disease training or clue on the treatment action necessary whenever fish diseases struck. Findings from this study put to the fore the significance of fish diseases in a cage culture system in light of commercialization of the industry and the importance of biosecurity and maintenance of optimal environmental conditions within the scope of Blue Economy growth in this region. This study did not detect any disease or parasite of zoonotic importance.

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Present Status of Fish Disease Management in Freshwater Aquaculture in India: State-of-the-Art-Review

Aquaculture & Fisheries ◽

10.24966/aaf-5523/100003 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mishra SS ◽

Keyword(s):

Disease Management ◽

Present Status ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Fish Disease ◽

Freshwater Aquaculture

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PENGUATAN PROMOSI DESA WISATA BERBASIS KEARIFAN DI DESA PUJON KABUPATEN MALANG

Jurnal Penamas Adi Buana ◽

10.36456/penamas.vol4.no1.a2426 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 5-12

Author(s):

Siti Nuurlaily ◽

Anak Agung Sagung Alit Widyastuty ◽

Annisa Budhiyani Tribhuwaneswari

Keyword(s):

Community Service ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Community Life ◽

Village Community ◽

Phases Of Development ◽

Tourism Potential ◽

And Control ◽

The Village ◽

Rural Appraisal

Abstract Tourism village is largely based in local wisdom is a form of integrated activities between attractions, accommodation, supporting facilities and additional facilities in the form of village management presented in the structure of community life that is bound by traditional procedures and norms that apply in the village. The development of sustainable tourism villages reguires the participation of local communities in all phases of development starting from the planning, implementation and supervision and control stages. Pujon Kidul Village in Pujon subdistrict, Malang regency is one of the tourist villages developed by the village community, which has tourism potential from the agriculture, livestock and small to mediun industries which is supported by the geographical and climatological conditions of the region. The purpose of this activity is to strengthen the promotion of village teourism based in local wisdom by identifying the potential of the Pujon Kidul village tourism area. Approach to the implementation of community service using the Rural Appraisal Approach (RAA) through a Group Discussion Forum (FGD) between the Pujon Kidul village apparatus, the Tourism Awarness Group (Pokdarwis) and the representatives of the village community. The results of this activity are strengthening promotion through a catalog of tourism village potentials and understanding of village afficials, the community and the private sector in planning the development of tourism villages through the utilization of the potential of geography, agriculture, animal husbandry and plantations in the tourism village of Pujon Kidul District of Pujon Malang Regency which begore socialization and counselling was 32% to 96%.. Keyword : Local Wisdom, Tourism Potentials, Tourism Village Abstrak Desa wisata sebagaian besar berbasis pada kearifan lokal desa adalah bentuk kegiatan terintegrasi antara atraksi, akomodasi, fasilitas pendukung dan fasilitas tambahan berupa manajemen desa yang disajikan dalam struktur kehidupan masyarakat yang terikat dengan prosedur tradisi dan norma yang berlaku di desa. Pengembangan desa wisata yang berkelanjutan membutuhkan partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam seluruh fase pengembangan mulai dari tahap perencanaan, implementasi dan pengawasan serta pengendalian. Desa Pujon Kidul di Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang merupakan salah satu desa wisata yang dikembangkan oleh masyarakat desa, memiliki potensi wisata dari sector pertanian, peternakan dan industry kecil ke menengah yang didukung kondisi geografi dan klimatologi wilayahnya. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah penguatan promosi desa wisata yang berbasis kearifan lokal dengan mengidentifikasi potensi kawasan wisata desa Pujon Kidul. Pendekatan – pendekatan pelaksanaan pengabdian dengan menggunakan metode Rural Appraisal Approach (RAA) melalui Forum Group Diskusi (FGD) antara aparatur desa Pujon Kidul, Kelompok Sadar Wisata (pokdarwis) dan perwakilan masyakat desa. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah penguatan promosi melalui katalog potensi desa wisata dan pemahaman aparatur desa, masyarakat dan pihak swasta dalam perencanaan pengembangan desa wisata melalui pemanfaatan potensi geografi, pertanian, peternakan dan perkebunan di desa wisata Pujon Kidul Kecamatan Pujon Kabupaten Malang yang sebelum sosialisasi dan penyuluhan sebesar 32% menjadi 96%. Kata kunci : Desa Wisata, Potensi wisata, Kearifan Lokal.

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Using Participatory Rural Appraisal for a Community Needs Assessment in Timor-Leste

Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education ◽

10.5191/jiaee.2018.25405 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 63-73

Author(s):

Kim E. Dooley ◽

Catherine Dobbins ◽

Leslie D. Edgar

Keyword(s):

Needs Assessment ◽

Small Group ◽

International Development ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽

Small Group Discussion ◽

Community Needs ◽

Timor Leste ◽

Context Specific ◽

Rural Appraisal

Conducting timely and effective needs assessments in the field is important for international development work. In many cases, a researcher has only a couple of hours to build rapport with a community, visually examine the state of the field, and conduct the needs assessment and achieve open, honest, and valid data. Working with translators further constrains the process by cutting available time. Thus, research focused on conducting these types of international assessments is valuable. This study aimed to identify the key needs of the Fatubesi community in Timor-Leste using a combination of techniques for Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA)—a transect walk and a small group discussion that included guided questions and ranking priorities. PRA is context specific and emphasizes facilitation of co-learning between local knowledge and outside expertise (Toness, 2005). Water, new fencing, and technical training/seeds were identified as the top three priorities for the community and their gardens, and the transect walk revealed issues with infrastructure that provided visual context for the small group discussion. The results of this study reflect the unique challenges faced by many communities in international development settings. The techniques described in this article are beneficial when used together for PRA to shift roles from expert facilitator to local empowerment.

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Participatory rural appraisal approaches: an overview and an exemplary application of focus group discussion in climate change adaptation and mitigation strategies

International Journal of Agricultural Research Innovation and Technology ◽

10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17848 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 72-78 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

MN Uddin ◽

N Anjuman

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Focus Group ◽

Focus Group Discussion ◽

Renewable Energy Sources ◽

Group Discussion ◽

Participatory Rural Appraisal ◽

Mitigation And Adaptation ◽

University Of Berlin ◽

Rural Appraisal ◽

Change Problem

Different tools and techniques of participatory approaches are the basic way of conducting qualitative research especially in the field of applied social science. Focus Group Discussion (FGD) is one of the main Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique often used in combination with others to achieve desired goals. Considering this concept, this paper attempts to review the PRA approach and then application of FGD, in combination with matrix scoring and ranking to identify problems and causes of climate change along with possible mitigation and adaptation strategies. A group of 20 students at post graduate level under the faculty of Agriculture and Horticulture at Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany those from different corner of the world was considered as target people of the study. The results concluded that unpredictable weather events was ranked as the present outstanding visible climate change problem caused by human activities. However, it was noted that if alternative renewable energy sources are exploited, this could contribute to solving the present climate change problem. This finding might have the good reference for the policy makers in the same line not only for developing countries but also for developed countries. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijarit.v3i2.17848 Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 3 (2): 72-78, December, 2013

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Ethnomedicinal Practices by Tharu Ethnic Community in Rupandehi and Nawalparasi Districts, Western Nepal

Journal of Institute of Science and Technology ◽

10.3126/jist.v25i2.33745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

pp. 93-106

Author(s):

Chandra Bahadur Thapa

Keyword(s):

Group Discussion ◽

Single Species ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Life Forms ◽

Conservation Strategy ◽

Asparagus Racemosus ◽

Drug Preparation ◽

Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽

Informant Consensus ◽

Rural Appraisal

Tharus are the marginalized indigenous people of Nepal. This study was carried out using Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA), Rapid Rural Appraisal (RRA), and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) from 2019 to 2020. The ethnomedicinal data were collected using a semi-structured interview with 75 key informants, local healers, and Guruwas. A total of 74 plants, belonging to 39 families, for the treatment of 11 categories of ailments, were documented. The highest informant consensus factor (FIC) value was for respiratory troubles (0.84), followed by the skeletomuscular disorder (0.83), and dermatological trouble (0.82). The highest frequency of citation (%) was found in Azadirachta indica (90 %), followed by Calotropis gigantea (67 %), Euphorbia antiquorum (67 %), and Rauvolfia serpentina (51 %). Fabaceae (6 spp.) was the most dominating family; herbs (47 %) the most frequently used life forms; leaves (32 %) the most frequently used plant part, and juice (30 %) being the most widely preferred mode of drug preparation. Different parts of the plant species were used for the treatment of more than one ailment using a different mode of drug preparation, and a single species was used to treat more than one ailments. The high average FIC value (0.72) showed that there was a higher agreement among the informants for the use against certain categories of ailments. Some plants like Rauvolfia serpentina, Piper longum, and Asparagus racemosus need a proper conservation strategy, as their population is decreasing in this area.

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