scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Oral Bacteria and Characterization for Bacteriocin Production and Antimicrobial Sensitivity

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monzilur Rahman ◽  
Md Nahidul Islam ◽  
Muhammad Nurul Islam ◽  
Mohammad Shahnoor Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Bacteriocin Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
16S Rdna Sequence Analysis ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Species Specific

Oral bacteria play an important role in body homeostasis and the bacterial genus Streptococcus is the dominant microflora commonly found in oral bacterial community. Their ability to establish biofilm lifestyle in the oral cavity by outcompeting other bacteria has been attributed to the production of bacteriocin along with other strategies. The goal of the present study was to isolate and identify oral bacteria and characterize their ability to produce bacteriocin against other oral bacteria as well as their sensitivity to common antibiotics. We have employed deferred antagonism bacteriocin assay for bacteriocin production and disk diffusion assay for antibiotic susceptibility testing. We identified eight bacterial strains belonging to the genera Streptococcus and Enterococcus based on colony morphology, biochemical assays, 16S rDNA sequence analysis, and species-specific PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility assay indicated that some of the strains are resistant to one or more antibiotics. Our study also revealed that the isolated strains are capable of producing one or more bacteriocins against other oral bacteria. Further molecular and biochemical studies are required to understand the nature of observed bacteriocin.Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 14(1): 103-109, 2015 (June)

scholarly journals Transmission of Novel Bacterial Pathogens through Pigs Transported from Myanmar to Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lalremruata ◽  
T.K. Dutta ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
A. Sen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Bacterial Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Specific Pcr

Background: Illegal migration of pigs/piglets from Myanmar to Mizoram is a common practice to meet the local demands. The migrated animals are suspected as potential carrier of various microbial pathogens. The present study was conducted on isolation, identification and molecular characterization of major bacterial pathogens (Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Bordetella bronchiseptica, Haemophilus parasuis, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Pasteurella multocida) in pigs illegally migrated from Myanmar to Mizoram. Methods: A total of 209 rectal swabs and 209 nasal swabs were collected from apparently healthy migrated pigs during October 2018 to April, 2019. All the samples were processed for PCR based detection of target bacterial species followed by isolation and identification by bacteriological techniques. The bacterial species were further confirmed by BD Phoenix automated bacterial identification system and selected virulence genes of the bacterial species were determined by specific PCR assay. Result: By species specific PCR, 110 samples were found to be positive for selected bacterial species, of which 20 (9.57%), 1 (0.478%), 86 (41.15%), 2 (0.956%) and 1 (0.478%) were A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis, M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. A total of 52 bacterial strains were isolated and identified, of which 11, 1, 39 and 1 were A. pleuropneumoniae, B. bronchiseptica, H. parasuis, M. hyopneumoniae and P. multocida, respectively. Virulence genes were detected in A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis isolates. Based upon the published literatures, this is the first ever report of isolation and identification of pathogenic A. pleuropneumoniae and H. parasuis in pigs in India.

scholarly journals A novel species-specific PCR assay for identifying Lactobacillus fermentum

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Dickson ◽  
M P Riggio ◽  
L Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Lactobacillus Fermentum ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Supragingival Plaque ◽  
Specific Pcr Assay ◽  
Species Specific

Lactobacillus fermentum is a Gram-positive bacterium that is associated with active caries lesions. Methods for identifying Lactobacillus species traditionally have been based upon culture methods coupled with biochemical tests, which are generally unreliable. The aim of this study was to develop a species-specific PCR assay for the direct detection of L. fermentum in oral clinical samples. PCR primers specific for L. fermentum were identified by alignment of bacterial 16S rRNA genes and selection of sequences specific for L. fermentum at their 3′ ends. PCR positivity for L. fermentum DNA was indicated by amplification of a 337 bp product. The primers were shown to be specific for L. fermentum DNA, since no PCR product was obtained when genomic DNA from a wide range of other oral bacteria, including closely related Lactobacillus species, were used as test species. The PCR assay was then used in an attempt to identify L. fermentum DNA in supragingival plaque samples and in pus aspirates from subjects with acute dento-alveolar abscesses. Four out of 70 (5.7 %) supragingival plaque samples analysed were positive for the presence of L. fermentum DNA while none of the 19 pus samples analysed was positive for L. fermentum DNA. This PCR assay provides a more rapid, specific and sensitive alternative to conventional culture methods for the identification of L. fermentum in clinical specimens.

scholarly journals Higher prevalence of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamases producing Escherichia coli in unorganized pig farms compared to organized pig farms in Mizoram, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2752-2758
Author(s):  
R. Mandakini ◽  
P. Roychoudhury ◽  
P. K. Subudhi ◽  
H. Kylla ◽  
I. Samanta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Confirmatory Test ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
High Level

Aim: The present study was conducted to record the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing Escherichia coli from pig population of organized and unorganized farms of Mizoram and to record the presence of ESBLs, non-ESBLs, and integrons. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples were collected from pigs under organized (n=40) and unorganized (n=58) farms of Mizoram. Samples were processed for isolation and identification of E. coli by conventional techniques, BD Phoenix™ automated bacterial system, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based confirmatory test. All the isolates were subjected to antimicrobial sensitivity test by disk diffusion assay and ESBLs production by double-disk synergy test (DDST). The ESBLs producing isolates were subjected to PCR for determination of ESBLs genes and all the isolates were screened for non-ESBLs genes and integrons by PCR. Results: A total of 258 E. coli was isolated and identified from organized (n=120) and unorganized farms (n=138). Majority of the E. coli isolates exhibited high level of resistance against amoxicillin (Ax) (81.78%), cefalexin (85.42%), co-trimoxazole (50.78%), sulfafurazole (69.38%), tetracycline (65.89%), and trimethoprim (TR) (51.94%). Statistically highly significant (p<0.01) variations in resistance among the isolates from organized and unorganized farms were recorded in case of Ax, ampicillin, cephalexin, ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, gentamicin, piperacillin, and TR. By DDST, 65.89% isolates were recorded as ESBLs producer, of which 82/120 (68.33%) and 88/138 (63.77%) were from organized and unorganized farms, respectively. A total of 29/258 (11.24%) isolates were positive for at least one ESBLs gene. blaTEM was most frequently (9.69%) gene, followed by blaCTX-M (5.04%) and blaCMY (0.78%). Altogether, 6 (5.00%), 4 (3.33%), and 2 (1.67%) isolates from the organized farms were positive for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaCMY genes, respectively. Similarly, 21 (15.22%) and 7 (5.07%) isolates from the unorganized farms were positive for blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes, respectively. None of them were positive for blaSHV genes. Altogether 57 (22.09%), 9 (3.49%), 66 (25.58%), 78 (30.23%), 21 (8.14%), and 18 (6.98%) isolates were positive for tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA, and dfrla genes, respectively. The prevalence of non-ESBLs genes was higher in the E. coli isolates from the unorganized farms than organized farms. Conclusion: MDR and ESBLs producing E. coli are circulating among the pigs and their environment in Mizoram. Pigs under unorganized farms exhibited higher level of resistance against majority of the antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins, which might be an indication of overuse or misuse of antibiotics under the unorganized piggery sectors in Mizoram.

scholarly journals Isolation and identification of Candida tropicalis in sows with fatal infection: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lufeng Zhai ◽  
Ying Zhou ◽  
Yingxia Wu ◽  
Yunyun Jin ◽  
Qiaoyan Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Fatal Infection ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
System Disease ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Species Specific

Abstract Background Candida is the common conditionally pathogenic fungus that infected human and animal clinically. C. tropicalis had been isolated from the skin and hair of healthy pigs, but with no report of fatal infection in gastrointestinal diseases. Case presentation In a pig farm in Henan Province of China, about 20 % of pregnant and postpartum sows suffered from severe gastrointestinal diseases, with a mortality rate higher than 60 % in the diseased animals. The sows had gastrointestinal symptoms such as blood in stool and vomiting. Necropsy revealed obvious gastric ulcers, gastrointestinal perforation, and intestinal hemorrhage in the gastrointestinal tract, but no lesions in other organs. The microbial species in gastric samples collected from gastric ulcer of the diseased sows then was initially identified as Candida by using routine systems of microscopic examination, culture characteristics on the medium Sabouraud dextrose agar medium. The fungus was further identified as C. tropicalis by species-specific PCR and sequencing. This study revealed an infection of C. tropicalis in sows through gastrointestinal mucosa could cause fatal digestive system disease and septicemia. Conclusions For the first time, a strain of C. tropicalis was isolated and identified from the gastric tissue of sows with severe gastrointestinal diseases. PCR and sequencing of ITS-rDNA combined with morphology and histopathological assay were reliable for the identification of Candida clinically.

Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Artemisia herba-alba Asso Essential Oil from Middle Atlas, Morocco

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (S1) ◽  
pp. S48-S54
Author(s):  
Y. Ez zoubi ◽  
S. Lairini ◽  
A. Farah ◽  
K. Taghzouti ◽  
A. El Ouali Lalami
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Culture Collection ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Disk Diffusion Assay ◽  
Different Strains

The purpose of this study was to determine the chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of the Moroccan Artemisia herba-alba Asso essential oil against foodborne pathogens. The essential oil of Artemisia herba-alba was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity was assessed against three bacterial strains isolated from foodstuff and three bacterial strains referenced by the ATCC (American Type Culture Collection) using the disk diffusion assay and the macrodilution method. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl) method. The fourteen compounds of the Artemisia herba-alba essential oil were identified; the main components were identified as β-thujone, chrysanthenone, α-terpineol, α-thujone, α-pinene, and bornyl acetate. The results of the antibacterial activity obtained showed a sensitivity of the different strains to Artemisia herba-alba essential oil with an inhibition diameter of 8.50 to 17.00 mm. Concerning the MICs (minimum inhibitory concentrations), the essential oil exhibited much higher antibacterial activity with MIC values of 2.5 μl/ml against Bacillus subtilis ATCC and Lactobacillus sp. The essential oil was found to be active by inhibiting free radicals with an IC50 (concentration of an inhibitor where the response is reduced by half) value of 2.9 μg/ml. These results indicate the possible use of the essential oil on food systems as an effective inhibitor of foodborne pathogens, as a natural antioxidant, and for potential pharmaceutical applications. However, further research is needed in order to determine the toxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects in edible products.

Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 5179
Author(s):  
Ilahi Shaik* ◽  
P. Janakiram ◽  
Sujatha L. ◽  
Sushma Chandra
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Culture Filtrate ◽  
Indole Acetic Acid ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

scholarly journals Survey on Perkinsus Species in Manila Clam Ruditapes philippinarum in Korean Waters Using Species-Specific PCR

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 202-205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun-Sil Kang ◽  
Hyun-Sung Yang ◽  
Kimberly S. Reece ◽  
Young-Ghan Cho ◽  
Hye-Mi Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Manila Clam ◽  
Korean Waters ◽  
Specific Pcr ◽  
Species Specific

scholarly journals Occurrence ofBordetellaInfection in Pigs in Northern India

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar ◽  
Bhoj R. Singh ◽  
Monika Bhardwaj ◽  
Vidya Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plasmid Profile ◽  
Antigen Detection ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Northern India ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Almost All

Bordetella bronchisepticainfection causing atrophic rhinitis in pigs is reported from almost all countries. In the present study, occurrence ofBordetellainfection in apparently healthy pigs was determined in 392 pigs sampled to collect 358 serum samples and 316 nasal swabs from Northern India by conventional bacterioscopy, detection of antigen with multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR), and detection of antibodies with microagglutination test (MAT) and enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA).Bordetella bronchisepticacould be isolated from six (1.92%) nasal swabs. Although isolates varied significantly in their antimicrobial sensitivity, they had similar plasmid profile. The genus specific and species specific amplicons were detected from 8.2% and 4.4% nasal swabs using mPCR withalcgene (genus specific) andflagene andfim2 gene (species specific) primers, respectively. Observations revealed that there may be other bordetellae infecting pigs because about 50% of the samples positive using mPCR for genus specific amplicons failed to confirm presence ofB. bronchiseptica. Of the pig sera tested with MAT and ELISA forBordetellaantibodies, 67.6% and 86.3% samples, respectively, were positive. For antigen detection mPCR was more sensitive than conventional bacterioscopy while for detection of antibodies neither of the two tests (MAT and ELISA) had specificity in relation to antigen detection. Study indicated high prevalence of infection in swine herds in Northern India.

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