scholarly journals Phytochemical and Biological Investigation of Bridelia tomentosa Blume Growing in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-218
Author(s):  
Adeeba Anjum ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Md Zakir Sultan ◽  
Abdullah Al Mansur ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Biological Investigation ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
First Time

Bridelia tomentosa Blume is a small evergreen tree which has enormous folklore applications in the treatment of colic, traumatic injury, epidemic influenza and neurasthenia. The main purpose of this study was to isolate bioactive compounds from the stem bark of B. tomentosa growing in Bangladesh. Extensive chromatographic separation and purification of the methanolic extract of stem bark of B. tomentosa led to the isolation of four compounds. The purified constituents were identified as friedoolean-5(6),14(15)-dien-3-one (1), β-taraxerol (2), D4- stigmasterone (3) and lupeol (4) by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data. While compound 1 is appeared to be new, the other compounds (2-4) have been isolated for the first time from this plant. β-taraxerol (2) demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity against the brine shrimp Artemia salina and moderate to strong antimicrobial efficacy with the highest inhibitory potential against Salmonella Typhi (zone of inhibition = 21.3 mm) and Sarcina lutea (zone of inhibition =20.8 mm). In conclusion, B. tomentosa has been found to be a rich source of secondary metabolites and thus it may be studied further in order to isolate of more bioactive constituents. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(2): 213-218, 2021 (December)

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Biological Studies of Bark Extract of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
Titumeer Al Fahad ◽  
Md Ruhul Kuddus ◽  
Choudhury M Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Shigella Boydii ◽  
Biological Studies

The main objective of the current research was phytochemical and biological studies of the stem bark of Miliusa velutina (Dunal) Hook. f. & Thomson (Annonaceae). Four purified compounds i.e., friedelin, lupeol, β- sitosterone and caffeic acid were isolated by repeated chromatographic separation and purification of M. velutina. The compounds were identified by analysis of NMR spectral data. The crude dichloromethane extract of stem bark of M. velutina (DEMV) along with its Kupchan partitionates i.e., petroleum ether (PESF), ethyl acetate (EASF), chloroform (CSF) and aqueous (AQSF) soluble fraction were screened for antioxidant, cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antibacterial activities. During the antioxidant activity assay, the AQSF revealed maximum activity with IC50 value of 71.67 μg/ml. The cytotoxicity of plant samples was determined by brine shrimp lethality bioassay, where the maximum cytotoxic activity has been observed for EASF (LC90 = 9.01 μg/ml). In the thrombolytic activity test, the crude dichloromethane extract demonstrated significant efficacy with 46.27% inhibition of clot lysis. In antibacterial screening, the CSF exhibited noticeable inhibitory activity against Shigella boydii with the zone of inhibition 15 mm compared to the standard ciprofloxacin (zone of inhibition = 47 mm). Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 19(2): 125-131, 2020 (December)

Crystal structure and in vitro antimicrobial activity studies of Robustic acid and other Alpinumisoflavones isolated from Millettia thonningii

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-235
Author(s):  
Jerry Joe E.K. Harrison ◽  
Moscoh Daniel Ayine-Tora ◽  
Benjamin Appiagyei ◽  
Felix C. Mills-Robertson ◽  
William A. Asomaning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Probes ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Topological Information ◽  
Inhibitory Potential ◽  
Coumarin Ring

Abstract We report a systematic study of the antibacterial inhibitory potential of isoflavone natural products isolated from the seeds extracts of Millettia thonningii. In an effort to gain bond topological information which may have consequences for the observed bioactivities, the crystal structure of robustic acid was solved and refined using the independent atom as well as the invariom model, and the structures were compared. Robustic acid contains a fused tricyclic unit with a benzopyran moiety, with a phenylene ring substitution on the coumarin ring similar to the alpinumisoflavones isolated from this plant. At a minimum inhibitory concentration of ~1 mg/mL, alpinumisoflavone and robustic acid were found to be cytotoxic to Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) showing a zone of inhibition (ZOI) of ~9 mm. On the other hand, at ~2 mg/mL, these compounds were found to be bacteriostatic to a hospital isolate of Salmonella typhi with about 7 mm ZOI. Taken together, these compounds offer potential new avenues for targeting both Gram positive and negative bacteria and could be useful as chemical probes for understanding these pathogens in an effort to overcome drug resistance.

scholarly journals Acetyleugenol from Acacia nilotica (L.) exhibits a strong antibacterial activity and its phenyl and indole analogs show a promising anti-TB potential

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abubakar Abdulhamid ◽  
Talal Adlan ◽  
Abdalla Ahmed ◽  
Faisal Koua ◽  
Amar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Drug Targets ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Acacia Nilotica ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumonia ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
First Time ◽  
Antibacterial Potential

Acetyleugenol is a phytochemical compound with broad effect against infectious diseases and tumors. Here, we extracted, characterized and elucidated the structure of acetyeugenol, for the first time, from the leaves of Acacia nilotica (L.)―a well-known medicinal plant. The broad antibacterial potential of acetyleugenol was first confirmed against seven bacterial pathogenic isolates with best activity against Proteus sp., Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcu aureus, and Streptococcus pneumonia, which showed similar or better zone of inhibition to that of the control amoxicillin. To further investigate its effect against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, acetyleugenol and its indole and phenyl analogs were subjected to molecular docking experiments against two potential tuberculosis drug targets―MtPknE and MtPknB Ser/Thr protein kinases. The results reveal that all of the analogs have improved docking scores comparing to the acetyleugenol. The indole analogs EUG-1 and EUG-3 were more effective with better docking scores for MtPknE with –11.08 and –10.05 kcal/mol, respectively. Similar results were obtained for the MtPknB. In contrast, only the EUG-2 phenyl analog has given rise to similar docking scores for both targets. This opens the door for further comprehensive studies on these acetyleugenol analogs with in vitro and in vivo experiments to validate and get more insights into their mechanisms of action.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TAMARINDUS INDICA STEM BARK EXTRACT AGAINST SELECTED MICROBES

2021 ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
JAMES ABOKO ◽  
MARGARET ANABIA ◽  
CHARLES ACHEAMPONG
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Tamarindus Indica ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Mic Value

Objectives: The present study determines the bioactive constituents in the stem bark of Tamarindus indica and also assesses its biological properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro. Methods: The clinical isolates were collected from wounds of patients and cultivated in a nutrient broth. The extract of stem bark of T. indica was added to the bacteria in Muller Hinton ager to test its biological activity. Results: Crude extracts of T. indica showed potency against S. aureus with the highest zone of inhibition of 19.00 ± 0.60 mm at 200 mg/ml concentration of the extract. The extract showed potency against P. aeruginosa at varying concentrations with a zone of inhibition between 13.5 ± 0.20 mm and 6.25 ± 0.45 mm. However, the extracts of T. indica recorded a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 6.25 mg/ml and an minimum bactericidal concentration value of 25 mg/ml against P. aeruginosa and also recorded a MIC value of 3.13 mg/ml against S. aureus. The preliminary analysis of bioactive compounds of the crude extract of T. indica showed that it has a wide range of phytochemical constituents including saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and anthraquinones. Conclusion: The results suggested that the extract of stem bark of T. indica has the potential of being the best alternative antimicrobial agent use to cure infectious diseases caused by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.

scholarly journals In-vivo Anti-typhoid Activities of Ethanol Stem Bark Extract of Bridelia ferruginea (Wild) in Albino Rats Infected with Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
pp. 10-20
Author(s):  
Ebenezer Oluyemi Dada ◽  
Busayo Temitope Akinyele
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Bridelia Ferruginea ◽  
Stem Bark Extract

Aims: To study the In-vivo anti-typhoid activities of ethanol stem bark extract of Bridelia ferruginea in albino rats infected with Salmonella typhi. Study Design: Experimental design. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. Between January, 2019 and June, 2019. Methodology: Fresh stem bark of Bridelia ferruginea were collected, dried, powered and extracted using 70% ethanol. Twenty – seven rats of same age between 90 -120 g in weight were selected and divided into 9 groups containing three each. The infectivity dose (ID) was determined with the clinical S. typhi. After which the rats were infected and orally administered various standard doses of the B. ferruginea stem bark extract (50-5000 mg/kg) accordingly for 7 days. During the treatment period, the fecal samples were collected to monitor the ability of the extract to reduce the fecal shedding of S. typhi. Also, the rats were weighed daily to establish the effect of treatment on their metabolism. Results: Ethanol extract of B. ferruginea Stem bark at concentrations of 50 mg/ml – 100 mg/ml, didn’t produce any zone of inhibition but from 300-5000mg/ml produce zone of inhibition (ZI) at 2.00-18.33 mm (P< 0.05) on culture of clinical S. typhi isolate and on typed S. typhi isolate zones of inhibitions were seen at concentrations 50mg/ml-5000mg/ml, it produced ZI of 8.00 – 26.19 mm(P< 0.05). Minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract on the clinical S. typhiis 300mg/ml while on the typed isolate the minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract was 2600 mg/ml on ethanol extract respectively. The MBC for the two S. typhi isolates were 300 mg/ml and 1000 mg/ml respectively. The in-vivo investigation showed the ethanol extract of B. ferruginea stem bark on S. typhi colony forming units per ml (cfu/ml) of suspensions of faeces of infected rats and treated with the ethanol extract of B. ferruginea stem bark decreased significantly (P< 0.05) as the days of the treatment increased while the cfu/ml of the infected but untreated group significantly (P< 0.05) increased. There were no significant (P< 0.05) difference between weights of S. typhi un-infected, infected rats treated with Ciprofloxacin and ethanol extract of B. ferruginea stem bark but weight of the untreated group significantly (P< 0.05) decreased. Preliminary phytochemical screening of stem bark of Bridelia ferruginea ethanol extract revealed the presence of saponins, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides and terpenoid were pharmacological importance. Conclusion: The in-vivo anti- typhoid activity of stem-bark ethanol extract of Bridelia ferruginea was found to be relatively safe against Salmonella typhi.

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF XANTHONE FROM ETHYL ACETATE EXTRACT OF THE STEAM BARK OF Garcinia picrorrhiza Miq

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muharni Muharni ◽  
Elfita Elfita ◽  
Emil Pertiwi
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Separation And Purification ◽  
Chromatography Method ◽  
Staphyloccocus Aureus ◽  
Isolated Compound

A compound was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of stem bark <em>Garcinia picrorrhiza</em>. The extraction was conducted by maseration. Separation and purification were done by chromatography method. The structure of compound was established using UV, IR, and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy. The antibacteria activity of the isolated compound was tested by paper disk difusion method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)   value was determined by using well difusion method examined against bacteria <em>Escherechia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis</em> and <em>Staphyloccocus aureus</em>. The isolated compound was a yellow solids (43.8 mg) with melting point 171 – 172 <sup>o</sup>C. Based on spectroscopy data compared with data from the literature, the isolated  compound is a known compound of oxygenated xanthone group with structure 1,4,5-trihydroxy-2-(3methylbut-2-enyl)xanthone. The compound exhibited an antibacterial activity against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em> only with MIC of 62.5 µg/mL.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals Flavonoid Glycosides with a Triazole Moiety for Marine Antifouling Applications: Synthesis and Biological Activity Evaluation

Marine Drugs ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Daniela Pereira ◽  
Catarina Gonçalves ◽  
Beatriz T. Martins ◽  
Andreia Palmeira ◽  
Vitor Vasconcelos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qsar Model ◽  
Quantitative Structure Activity Relationship ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
Flavonoid Glycosides ◽  
Antifouling Activity ◽  
Antifouling Coatings ◽  
Marine Industry ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Polymethoxylated Flavones ◽  
First Time

Over the last decades, antifouling coatings containing biocidal compounds as active ingredients were used to prevent biofouling, and eco-friendly alternatives are needed. Previous research from our group showed that polymethoxylated chalcones and glycosylated flavones obtained by synthesis displayed antifouling activity with low toxicity. In this work, ten new polymethoxylated flavones and chalcones were synthesized for the first time, including eight with a triazole moiety. Eight known flavones and chalcones were also synthesized and tested in order to construct a quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for these compounds. Three different antifouling profiles were found: three compounds (1b, 11a and 11b) exhibited anti-settlement activity against a macrofouling species (Mytilus galloprovincialis), two compounds (6a and 6b) exhibited inhibitory activity against the biofilm-forming marine bacteria Roseobacter litoralis and one compound (7b) exhibited activity against both mussel larvae and microalgae Navicula sp. Hydrogen bonding acceptor ability of the molecule was the most significant descriptor contributing positively to the mussel larvae anti-settlement activity and, in fact, the triazolyl glycosylated chalcone 7b was the most potent compound against this species. The most promising compounds were not toxic to Artemia salina, highlighting the importance of pursuing the development of new synthetic antifouling agents as an ecofriendly and sustainable alternative for the marine industry.

scholarly journals Bioactive constituents with antibacterial, resistance modulation, anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition properties from Aidia genipiflora stem bark

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Anokwah ◽  
Evelyn Asante-Kwatia ◽  
Abraham Y. Mensah ◽  
Cynthia Amaning Danquah ◽  
Benjamin K. Harley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Biofilm Inhibition ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Efflux Pump Inhibition ◽  
Oleanonic Acid

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance is a global health challenge. The involvement of bacterial biofilms and efflux pumps in the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) is well established. Medicinal plants have been proposed as alternatives for combating MDR focusing on their bioactive constituents with resistance modulatory activities. This study was aimed at investigating the stem bark of Aidia genipiflora for bioactive constituents with anti-biofilm, efflux pump inhibition and resistance modulatory activities. Method The crude methanol extract was purified by column chromatography and isolated compounds characterized by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was determined by the High-throughput spot culture growth inhibition and the broth micro-dilution assay. The ethidium bromide accumulation assay was used to determine efflux pump inhibition property. Biofilm inhibition was determined in a microplate crystal violet retention assay. Results Purification of the ethyl acetate fraction led to the isolation of oleanonic acid (1), 4-hydroxy cinnamic acid docosyl ester (2), β-stigmasterol/β-sitosterol (mixture 3a/b) and D-mannitol (4). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 250 to > 500 μg/mL for extracts and fractions and from 15 to 250 μg/mL for compounds. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations of the compounds, the MIC of amoxicillin against E. coli (20 μg/mL) and P. aeruginosa (320 μg/mL) was reduced by 32 and 10 folds respectively. The whole extract demonstrated anti-biofilm formation and efflux pump inhibition in E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The sterol mixture (3a/b) at concentration of 100 μg/mL caused the highest inhibition (73%) of biofilm formation in S. aureus. Oleanonic acid (1) demonstrated remarkable efflux pump inhibition at MIC of 7.8 μg/mL in E. coli better than the standard drugs verapamil and chlorpromazine. Conclusion This study confirms the prospects of A. genipiflora as a source of new antibacterial agents and adjuvants that could interact with some resistance mechanisms in bacteria to enhance the activity of hitherto ineffective antibiotics. “A small portion of the study has been presented in a conference in the form of poster”.

scholarly journals Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A elaborate distinct systemic metabolite signatures during enteric fever

eLife ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Näsström ◽  
Nga Tran Vu Thieu ◽  
Sabina Dongol ◽  
Abhilasha Karkey ◽  
Phat Voong Vinh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
First Time

The host–pathogen interactions induced by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A during enteric fever are poorly understood. This knowledge gap, and the human restricted nature of these bacteria, limit our understanding of the disease and impede the development of new diagnostic approaches. To investigate metabolite signals associated with enteric fever we performed two dimensional gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GCxGC/TOFMS) on plasma from patients with S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A infections and asymptomatic controls, identifying 695 individual metabolite peaks. Applying supervised pattern recognition, we found highly significant and reproducible metabolite profiles separating S. Typhi cases, S. Paratyphi A cases, and controls, calculating that a combination of six metabolites could accurately define the etiological agent. For the first time we show that reproducible and serovar specific systemic biomarkers can be detected during enteric fever. Our work defines several biologically plausible metabolites that can be used to detect enteric fever, and unlocks the potential of this method in diagnosing other systemic bacterial infections.

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