Antimicrobial Sensitivity Pattern of Helicobacter pylori Isolates among Subgroup of Bangladeshi Patients

This cross sectional study was carried out at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B) from July 2008 to September 2009. Aim of the study was to find out the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of Helicobacter pylori isolates from dyspeptic patients. Total 224 dyspeptic patients from Out Patient Department (OPD) of BSMMU were initially enrolled after informed written consent. After upper GI endoscopy 157 patients were finally included who had erosions, ulcers or atrophic changes in the stomach or duodenum. Two biopsy samples were taken from each of them. Samples were incubated at 37°C in a double gas incubator with 5%O2, 10%CO2 and 85%N2. Total 82 (52.23%) samples were found positive for H. pylori. Isolated organisms were then tested for sensitivity to Amoxicillin, Clarithromycin, Tetracycline, Levofloxacin and Metronidazole by Agar dilution method. Among 82 patients 51(62.2%) were male and 31(37.8) were female with a male:female ratio 1.6:1. Patients were categorized into two groups one having gastric or duodenal ulcer (30.5%) and other having no ulcer (69.5%). Among these isolates 92.7% were sensitive to Amoxicillin, 89% to Clarithromycin, 81.7% to Tetracycline, 80.5% to Levofloxacin and only 26.8% to Metronidazole. Beside these, 81.7% isolates were sensitive to both Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin, 74.4% to Amoxicillin and Tetracycline, 73.2% to Amoxicillin and Levofloxacin, 72% to Clarithromycin and Tetracycline, 59% to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin and 51% to Tetracycline and Levofloxacin DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/fmcj.v8i2.20280 Faridpur Med. Coll. J. 2013;8(2): 49-52

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Sensitivity pattern of azithrymycin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella causing enteric fever

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15627 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 55-60

Author(s):

Shamima Kawser ◽

Ruhul Amin Miah ◽

Khandker Md Nurus Sabah ◽

Tanzima Begum ◽

Shahin Sultana

Keyword(s):

Salmonella Enterica ◽

Enteric Fever ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Inhibitory Zone ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Sensitivity Pattern

The therapeutic alternatives available for use against ciprofloxacin resistant enteric fever isolates in an endemic area are limited. A cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, from January to December 2008, to see the sensitivity pattern of azithrymycin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone in ciprofloxacin resistant salmonella causing enteric fever. In this study, the MICs of various drugs were determined for 100 enteric fever isolates (72 Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi and 28 Salmonella enterica serovar paratyphi A). By agar dilution method, 40% Salmonella strains were ciprofloxacin resistant showing MIC values of (4-8 mg/ml), 36% strains were intermediate sensitive with MIC values of 1 to 4 mg/ml and 24% strains were sensitive to ciprofloxacin showing MIC values of 0.125 to 1 mg/ml. All ciprofloxacin- resistant isolates were sensitive to ofloxacin (inhibitory zone diamater 16-32mm), ceftriaxone (inhibitory zone diameter 21mm), 66.66 % isolates were sensitive to azithromycin. These results indicate that ofloxacin and ceflriaxone may be convenient alternative antimicrobial agents for Salmonella isolates. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jdmc.v22i1.15627 J Dhaka Medical College, Vol. 22, No. 1, April, 2013, Page 55-60

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OTITIS MEDIA;

The Professional Medical Journal ◽

10.29309/tpmj/2019.26.02.3159 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 26 (02) ◽

Author(s):

S.M Abbas Naqvi ◽

Rubina Yaseen ◽

Zulfiqar Ali Naqvi

Keyword(s):

Otitis Media ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Suppurative Otitis Media ◽

Media Study ◽

Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽

Sensitivity Pattern ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Medical University

… Background and Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine pattern of bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern among patients with chronic suppurative otitis media. Study Design: Prospective study (descriptive cross-sectional study). Setting: Department of ENT and Microbiology, Nishtar Medical University and Hospital Multan. Period: June 2014 to December 2014. Material and Methods: A total of 50 patients presenting with chronic suppurative otitis media having unilateral or bilateral ear discharge were enrolled from OPD of ENT department of Nishtar Hospital. Results: Of these 50 patients with CSOM, 22 (44%) were male patients while 28 (56%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was noted to be 12.52 ± 11.53 years (ranging from 5 years to 52 years). Most burden of the disease was seen in children i.e. 25 (50%) of the patients were less than 10 years of age. During the whole study unilateral discharge was seen and table 1 shows 50 specimens of CSOM were investigated for bacterial infestation and found to be infected with different bacteria. the highest number of cases were infected with s. aureus 24 (48 %) followed by 11 pseudomonas aeruginosa (22 %), 11 proteus mirabilis (22%) and 3 E. coli (6%) patients. Conclusions: Due to variation in climate, community, accessibility of medical care and prescription of antibiotics, the pattern vary in CSOM patients. Therefore it is very important to identify the causative agents of CSOM and their sensitivity pattern against various antibiotics before treatment of the disease in the patients.

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Role of Crush Cytology for the Detection of Helicobacter Pylori in Gastroduodenal Diseases

Journal of Dhaka Medical College ◽

10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6589 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 88-93

Author(s):

K Ahsan ◽

MZ Hossain ◽

MR Uddin

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Histopathological Examination ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Biopsy Material ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Gastroduodenal Disease ◽

Duodenal Lesions ◽

Bismuth Salts ◽

H Pylori ◽

Low Sensitivity

Context: A cross-sectional study was carried out at the Department of Pathology, Dhaka Medical Collage, Dhaka and Immunology Laboratory, Laboratory Sciences Division of ICDDR,B, Dhaka during a period of 1 year from July, 2007 to June, 2008 to determine the efficacy of endoscopic crush cytology in the detection of Helicobacter pylori infection in gastroduodenal diseases. Clinically suspected cases of gastro-duodenal lesions and who had not taken antibiotics, omeprazole or bismuth salts for at least three weeks prior to endoscopy were selected. Patients who were clinically and endoscopically suspected of having malignancy were excluded from the study. A total of 110 such subjects were consecutively included in the study. The statistics used to analyze the data were descriptive statistics and components of accuracy test.Results: The sensitivity of crush cytology in correctly diagnosing H. pylori of those who had the disease was 89.3%, while the specificity of the test in correctly differentiating those who did not have H. pylori was 92.6% when compared against histopathological examination using Giemsa stain. However, a slightly low sensitivity (86.2%) without compromising with specificity (92.3%) was obtained when the crush cytology diagnosis was compared against histopathological examination using haematoxylin-eosin (H & E) stain.Conclusion: The study concludes that the diagnostic accuracy of crush smear cytology (sensitivity and specificity) for detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsy material is comparable to histopathology. Moreover, the technique is very simple, less expensive and less time consuming which gives clinicians added advantage in making a quicker decision.Key words: Cytology; Helicobacter pylori; Gastroduodenal disease. DOI: 10.3329/jdmc.v17i2.6589J Dhaka Med Coll. 2008; 17(2) : 88-93

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Perbedaan Prevalensi Infeksi Helicobacter pylori antara Etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dengan Sindrom Dispepsia

Jurnal Penyakit Dalam Indonesia ◽

10.7454/jpdi.v3i1.5 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 29

Author(s):

Willy Brodus Uwan ◽

Ari Fahrial Syam ◽

C Rinaldi A. Lesmana ◽

Cleopas Martin Rumende

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Native People ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Infection Prevalence ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Endoscopic Findings ◽

H Pylori ◽

Epidemiological Characteristics

Pendahuluan. Risiko infeksi Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) dikaitkan dengan banyak faktor yang terkait dengan pejamuagen-lingkungan. Etnis adalah salah satu faktor dari pejamu yang banyak diteliti di luar negeri. Prevalensi infeksi H. pylori didapatkan lebih tinggi pada etnis tertentu seperti misalnya di Cina. Berdasarkan teori migrasi dan teori transmisi, diduga infeksi H. pylori akan dibawa oleh penduduk yang bermigrasi dari daerah dengan prevalensi tinggi ke tempat tujuan migrasi. Etnis Tionghoa di Kalimantan Barat berasal dari daerah Cina Selatan dengan prevalensi infeksi H.pylori tinggi. Diperkirakan ada perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada etnis Tionghoa dibandingkan pada etnis asli Kalimantan Barat, yaitu etnis Dayak. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi, karakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada subjek etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dengan sindrom dispepsia.Metode. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi potong lintang untuk mengetahui perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H.pylori. Penelitian dilakukan di RSU Santo Antonius Pontianak dari bulan Desember 2014 sampai Juni 2015 dengan metode pengambilan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Angka prevalensi infeksi H. pylori disajikan dalam angka persentase, sedangkan perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan perbedaan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada etnis Tionghoa dan Dayak dianalisis dengan analisis bivariat menggunakan chi-square dengan tingkat kemaknaan (p)=0,05.Hasil. Dari 203 subjek yang diteliti, terdiri dari 102 subjek etnis Tionghoa dan 101 subjek etnis Dayak, didapatkan angkaprevalensi H. pylori sebesar 40,8%. Prevalensi pada etnis Tionghoa didapatkan lebih tinggi dibanding etnis Dayak,berturut-turut sebesar 48,0% dan 33,7%. Tidak ditemukan adanya perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan temuan hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi yang bermakna pada kedua kelompok etnis.Simpulan. Terdapat perbedaan angka prevalensi infeksi H. pylori pada etnis Tionghoa (48,0%) dibanding etnis Dayak (33,7%). Namun, tidak ada perbedaan karakteristik epidemiologis dan gambaran hasil pemeriksaan endoskopi pada kedua kelompok etnis tersebut.Kata kunci: Dayak, etnis, Helicobacter pylori, sindrom dispepsia, Tionghoa The Difference in Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Infection between Chinese and Dayak Ethnics with Dyspepsia SyndromeIntroduction. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection risk is associated with many factors related to host-agent-environment. Ethnicity is one of the host factors which was the most studied factor overseas. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was found higher in certain ethnic such among Chinese. Based on migration and transmission theory, it was suspected that H. pylori infection was transmitted by people migrating from areas with a high prevalence of infection to the destination area. Chinese in West Borneo are originated from South China region where the prevalence of H. pylori infection is high. It is estimated that there are differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection among Chinese compared to the native people of West Borneo, the Dayaknese. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study to determine the differences in the prevalence of H. pylori infection. The study was conducted at St. Antonius General Hospital Pontianak from December 2014 to June 2015 with consecutive samplingmethod. H. pylori infection prevalence is presented in percentage numbers, while the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic finding differences among Chinese and Dayaknese were analyzed by bivariate analysis using the chi-square with significance value (p) = 0.05.Results. From a total of 203 subjects in this study, consisted of 102 Chinese subjects and 101 Dayaknese subjects, the prevalence of H. pylori infection was 40.8%. The prevalence among Chinese is higher than Dayaknese, which is 48.0% and 33.7%, respectively. There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings in both ethnic groups.Conclusions. The prevalence of H. pylori infection among the Chinese (48.0%) is higher than among Dayaknese (33.7%). There is no difference in the epidemiological characteristics and endoscopic findings among both ethnic groups.Keywords: Chinese, Dayak, Dyspeptic syndrome, Ethnic, Helicobacter pylori

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Potential of FTIR-Spectroscopy for Drugs Screening against Helicobacter pylori

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics9120897 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 897

Author(s):

Pedro Sousa Sampaio ◽

Cecília R. C. Calado

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Ftir Spectroscopy ◽

Partial Least Square ◽

Least Square ◽

New Drugs ◽

Partial Least Square Regression ◽

Dilution Method ◽

Agar Dilution Method ◽

Molecular Fingerprint ◽

H Pylori

Helicobacter pylori colonizes the human stomach of half of the world’s population. The infection if not treated, persists through life, leading to chronic gastric inflammation, that may progress to severe diseases as peptic ulcer, gastric adenocarcinoma, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. The first line of treatment, based on 7 to 21 days of two antibiotics associated with a proton pump inhibitor, is, however, already failing most due to patient non-compliance that leads to antibiotic resistance. It is, therefore, urgent to screen for new and more efficient antimicrobials against this bacterium. In this work, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was evaluated to screen new drugs against H. pylori, in rapid (between 1 to 6 h), and high-throughput mode and based on a microliter volume processes in relation to the agar dilution method. The reference H. pylori strains 26,695 and J99, were evaluated against a peptide-based antimicrobial and the clinical antibiotic clarithromycin, respectively. After optimization of the assay conditions, as the composition of the incubation mixture, the time of incubation, and spectral pre-processing, it was possible to reproducibly observe the effect of the drug on the bacterial molecular fingerprint as pointed by the spectra principal component analysis. The spectra, obtained from both reference strains, after its incubation with drugs concentrations lower than the MIC, presented peak ratios statistically different (p < 0.05) in relation to the bacteria incubated with drugs concentrations equal or higher to the MIC. It was possible to develop a partial least square regression model, enabling to predict from spectra of both bacteria strains, the drug concentration on the assay, with a high correlation coefficient between predicted and experimental data (0.91) and root square error of 40% of the minimum inhibitory concentration. All this points to the high potential of the technique for drug screening against this fastidious growth bacterium.

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Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level in São Paulo

Sao Paulo Medical Journal ◽

10.1590/s1516-31802010000400002 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 128 (4) ◽

pp. 187-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Aurea Cristina Portorreal Miranda ◽

Rodrigo Strehl Machado ◽

Edina Mariko Koga da Silva ◽

Elisabete Kawakami

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Helicobacter Pylori Infection ◽

Socioeconomic Level ◽

São Paulo ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Low Socioeconomic ◽

H Pylori

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Helicobacter pylori infection is mainly acquired during childhood, and is associated with significant morbidity in adults. The aim here was to evaluate the seroprevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection among children of low socioeconomic level attended at a public hospital in São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study, among patients attended at an outpatient clinic. METHODS: 326 children were evaluated (150 boys and 176 girls; mean age 6.82 ± 4.07 years) in a cross-sectional study. Patients with chronic diseases or previous H. pylori treatment, and those whose participation was not permitted by the adult responsible for the child, were excluded. The adults answered a demographic questionnaire and blood samples were collected. The serological test used was Cobas Core II, a second-generation test. Titers > 5 U/ml were considered positive. RESULTS: H. pylori infection was diagnosed in 116 children (35.6%). Infected children were older than uninfected children (7.77 ± 4.08 years versus 5.59 ± 3.86 years; p < 0.0001). The seroprevalence increased from 20.8% among children aged two to four years, to 58.3% among those older than 12 years. There were no significant relationships between seropositivity and gender, color, breastfeeding, number of people in the home, number of rooms, bed sharing, living in a shantytown, maternal educational level, family income or nutritional status. In multivariate analysis, the only variable significantly associated with H. pylori seropositivity was age. CONCLUSION: Infection had intermediate prevalence in the study population, and age was associated with higher prevalence.

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PREVALENCE OF HELICOBACTER PYLORI TEN YEARS AGO COMPARED TO THE CURRENT PREVALENCE IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING UPPER ENDOSCOPY

ABCD Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (São Paulo) ◽

10.1590/0102-6720201600030006 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 151-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sandra FRUGIS ◽

Nicolau Gregori CZECZKO ◽

Osvaldo MALAFAIA ◽

Artur Adolfo PARADA ◽

Paula Bechara POLETTI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

World Population ◽

Upper Endoscopy ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Current Prevalence ◽

Number Of Patients ◽

Two Samples ◽

H Pylori

ABSTRACT Background: Helicobacter pylori has been extensively studied since 1982 it is estimated that 50% of the world population is affected. The literature lacks studies that show the change of its prevalence in the same population over time. Aim: To compare the prevalence of H. pylori in 10 years interval in a population that was submitted to upper endoscopy in the same endoscopy service. Method: Observational, retrospective and cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of H. pylori in two samples with 10 years apart (2004 and 2014) who underwent endoscopy with biopsy and urease. Patients were studied in three consecutive months of 2004, compared to three consecutive months of 2014. The total number of patients was 2536, and 1406 in 2004 and 1130 in 2014. Results: There were positive for H. pylori in 17 % of the sample as a whole. There was a significant decrease in the prevalence from 19.3% in 2004 to 14.1% in 2014 (p<0.005). Conclusion: There was a 5.2% reduction in the prevalence of H. pylori comparing two periods of three consecutive months with 10 years apart in two equivalent population samples.

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Newly arrived refugee children with Helicobacter pylori are thinner than their non-infected counterparts

Australian Journal of Primary Health ◽

10.1071/py15187 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 92 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jill Benson ◽

Razlyn Abdul Rahim ◽

Rishi Agrawal

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Migrant Health ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Refugee Children ◽

Physical Endurance ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Stool Antigen Test ◽

The Difference ◽

H Pylori

The hypothesis of this study was that those refugee children with Helicobacter pylori are thinner than their non-infected counterparts. This cross-sectional study investigated the height and weight of newly arrived refugee children up to age 19 years, who were screened for H. pylori using a stool antigen test at the Migrant Health Service in Adelaide between August 2010 and October 2013. Of 460 children, 21% were infected with H. pylori. After adjusting for vitamin B12 and iron levels, ethnicity, age and sex, the odds of being thin in the 10- to 19-year-old age group was 4.28-fold higher (95% CI 1.48–12.4) if they were H. pylori positive compared with those who were H. pylori negative. The difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P=0.01). Screening and treatment for H. pylori in the general population in developed countries is not recommended unless there are symptoms such as dyspepsia or risk of peptic ulcer, duodenal ulcer or gastric cancer. Given the findings of this study, a recommendation could be made that newly arrived refugee children who are thin should be tested for H. pylori. Thinness in children may influence their cognitive ability, school performance, physical endurance and hence their ability to successfully settle into their new country.

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Comparison of IL-6, IL-8 Concentrations in H. pylori- and non-H. pylori-associated Gastritis

The Indonesian Biomedical Journal ◽

10.18585/inabj.v6i3.29 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 163 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gontar Alamsyah Siregar ◽

Sahat Salim ◽

Ricky Rivalino Sitepu

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Bivariate Analysis ◽

Rapid Urease Test ◽

Serum Samples ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Urease Test ◽

H Pylori

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a non-invasive microorganism causing intense gastric mucosal inflammatory and immune reaction. The gastric mucosal levels of the proinflammatory cytokines Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-8 have been reported to be increased in H. pylori infection, but the serum levels in H. pylori infection is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the serum levels of IL-6 and IL-8 in H. pylori infection.METHODS: A cross sectional study was done on eighty consecutive gastritis patients admitted to endoscopy units at Adam Malik General Hospital and Permata Bunda Hospital, Medan, Indonesia from May-October 2014. Histopathology was performed for the diagnosis of gastritis. Rapid urease test for diagnosis of H. pylori infection. Serum samples were obtained to determine circulating IL-6 and IL-8. Univariate and bivariate analysis (independent t test) were done.RESULTS: There were 41.25% patients infected with H. pylori. Circulatory IL-6 levels were significantly higher in H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori negative, but there were no differences between serum levels of IL-8 in H. pylori positive and negative patients.CONCLUSION: The immune response to H. pylori promotes systemic inflammation, which was reflected in an increased level of serum IL-6. Serum levels of IL-8 were not significantly different between H. pylori positive and negative.KEYWORDS: Helicobacter pylori, gastritis, IL-6, IL-8, cytokine

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Genetic Determinants of Biofilm Formation and Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter Pylori using Whole Genome Sequencing

10.21203/rs.3.rs-800655/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kartika Afrida Fauzia ◽

Hafeza Aftab ◽

Muhammad Miftahussurur ◽

Langgeng Agung Waskito ◽

Vo Phuoc Tuan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Helicobacter Pylori ◽

Antibiotic Resistance ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Whole Genome ◽

Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽

Genetic Determinants ◽

Genome Sequences ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

H Pylori

Abstract The nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with the biofilm formation phenotype of Helicobacter pylori were investigated. Fifty-six H. pylori isolates from Bangladeshi patients were included in this cross-sectional study. Crystal violet was used to classify the phenotypes into high- and low-biofilm formers. Whole genome sequences were analyzed using the “Antimicrobial Resistance Identification By Assembly” (ARIBA) pipeline. The results indicated 19.6% high- and 81.4% low-biofilm formers. These phenotypes were not related to specific clades in the phylogenetic analysis. Biofilm formation was significantly associated with SNPs of alpA, alpB, cagE, cgt, csd4, csd5, futB, gluP, homD, and murF (P < 0.05). Among the SNPs reported in alpB, strains encoding the N156K, G160S, and A223V mutations were high-biofilm formers. Mutations associated with antibiotic resistance can be detected. This study revealed the potential role of SNPs to biofilm formation, and propose a method to detect mutation in antibiotic resistance and biofilm from whole genome sequences.

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