scholarly journals Effect of exogenous salicylic acid under irrigation withholding at different growth stages in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Dabzad ◽  
HRT Moghadam ◽  
H Zahedi
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Salicylic acid (SA), an endogenous plant growth regulator has been found to generate a wide range of metabolic and physiological responses in plants affecting their growth and development. In order to study effect of salicylic acid foliar application and limited irrigation on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of wheat, this experiment was conducted at Varamin, Iran during 2014 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block with a split plots arrangement of treatments in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at stem elongation stage, irrigation withholding at flowering stage and irrigation withholding at seed filling period stage) and different concentration of foliar application of salicylic acid (0, 150 and 300 ?M) were allocated to subplots. The results showed that irrigation withholding conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield, RWC and total chlorophyll but by contrast increased membrane stability, proline content, SOD and CAT enzymes activity and also lipid and protein peroxidation. Salicylic acid foliar application had positive effect on all attributes in this experiment. In general, the results of the present study indicate that usage of salicylic acid reduces the harmful effects of water deficit stress and increases resistance to drought stress in wheat plant.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2014), 4(2) 28-33

scholarly journals The study of humic acid foliar application on physiological and biochemical changes in wheat under irrigation withholding at different growth stages

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
HR Tohidi
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Protein Peroxidation ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Different Growth Stages

In order to study effect of humic acid (HA) foliar application and limited irrigation, on physiological and biochemical characteristics of wheat an experiment was conducted in research field of Varamin, Iran during 2012 growing season. The experimental design was laid out in a randomized complete block with a split plots arrangement of treatments in three replications. Main plots included four different levels of irrigation (complete irrigation, irrigation withholding at stem elongation stage, irrigation withholding at flowering stage and irrigation withholding at seed setting stage) and three different concentration of HA foliar application (0, 150 and 300) was allocated to subplots. The results showed that irrigation withholding conditions in different growth stages significantly decreased seed yield and total chlorophyll content but by contrast increased electrolyte leakage, antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid and protein peroxidation. It appears that HA act in plants via a specific form of stress that is detected by anti-stress defense systems in plants. These HA applied to plants can protect against water stress in degraded soils.International Journal of Natural Sciences (2015), 5(1) 1-7

scholarly journals Effect of drought stress on the formation of yield elements in spring barley and the potential of stress expression reduction by foliar application of fertilizers and growth stimulator

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 439-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Svobodová ◽  
P. Míša
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Grain Number Per Spike ◽  
Yield Structure ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Spring barley plants were exposed to water stress at different growth stages – from the period after emergence to the beginning of stem elongation, from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis in pot experiments. In variants exposed to water deficit from emergence to the end of anthesis and from the beginning of stem elongation to the end of anthesis, effects of foliar fertilizers and Atonik preparation (applied before the growth stage DC 30 or at DC 33) to lower the stress impacts were tested. During the growing season, formation and reduction of tillers, florets per spike and the yield structure at full ripeness were investigated. The water deficit at stem elongation caused a withering out of the established tillers, drought during the formation of the florets reduced their number as well as their development into grains. In the variant where water stress was present to the beginning of stem elongation, the plants were able to compensate for stress implications by productive tillers that developed later (at stem elongation). The previous water deficit did not decrease 1000-grain weight, however protein content in grain increased due to low grain yield per pot. If foliar fertilizers and Atonik were applied before DC 30, a reduction of fertile florets decreased, which led to slight increase in a grain number per spike.

Effects on Plant Hormone levels at Different Growth Stages in Diverse Grape Organs with Root Restriction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiajia Li ◽  
Dongmei Li ◽  
Boyang Liu ◽  
Ruiqi Wang ◽  
Yixuan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormones ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Indolebutyric Acid ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Berry Quality ◽  
Isopentenyl Adenine ◽  
Root Restriction ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Endogenous plant hormones play important roles in germination, blossom, senescence, abscission of plants by a series of signal transduction and molecular regulation. The purpose of this research was to investigate the influence of root restriction (RR) cultivation on plant hormones variation tendency at different growth stages in diverse organs or tissues, ‘Muscat Hamburg’ (Vitis ‘Muscat of Alexandria’ × Vitis ‘Trollinger’) grapevine was used as test material. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify hormone levels, aiming to investigate the influence of root restriction on the formation and transportation of plant hormones. The results revealed that RR treatment increased abscisic acid, salicylic acid, zeatin riboside, N6-(delta 2-isopentenyl)-adenine nucleoside concentrations, while reduced auxin, 3-indolepropionic acid, 3-indolebutyric acid, gibberellin A3, zeatin, N6-(delta 2-Isopentenyl)-adenine, kinetin, jasmonic acid and methyl jasmonate concentrations. To sum up, our results suggested that RR treatment could initiate stress responses via up-regulating abscisic acid and salicylic acid contents while down-regulating auxin and kinetin contents, resulting in the changes of fruit appearance and improvement of berry quality.

scholarly journals Optimizing irrigation and determining the most sensitive development stage to drought in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) in a semi-arid environment

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-94
Author(s):  
Leila Romdhane ◽  
Nicola Dal Ferro ◽  
Amor Slama ◽  
Leila Radhouane
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Three Stages

Rising temperatures and increasing water scarcity, which are already important issues, are expected to intensify in the near future due to global warming. Optimizing irrigation in agriculture is a challenge. Understanding the response of crop development stages to water deficit stress provides an opportunity for optimizing irrigation. Here we studied the response of two barley varieties (Rihane, Martin), to water deficit stress at three development stages (tillering, stem elongation, and heading) by measuring water status and grain yield components in a field experiment in Tunisia. The three stages were selected due to their importance in crop growth and grain development. Water deficit stress was initiated by withholding water for 21 days at the three stages with subsequent re-watering. Water deficit led to a progressive decrease in leaf water potential. In both varieties, heading was the stage most sensitive to water deficit. Leaf water potential measurements indicated that water deficit stress was more severe during heading, which to some extent may have influenced the comparison between growth stages. During heading, the number of ears per plant and weight of a thousand grains were reduced by more than 70% and 50%, respectively compared with stress at tillering. Comparison of yield components showed differences between the two barley varieties only when the water deficit was produced during the tillering stage.

scholarly journals Consequences of Seed Priming with Salicylic Acid and Hydro Priming on Smooth Vetch Seedling Growth under Water Deficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 259
Author(s):  
Amin Namdari ◽  
Abolfazl Baghbani
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Water Deficiency ◽  
Available Water

Due to low rainfall at early autumn, smooth vetch seedling growth in rain-fed lands often is limited by water deficit stress yet the data regarding the reactions of smooth vetch to water deficit at early growth stages are pretty rare. The objective of current study was to examine possibility of using priming treatments (hydro priming and priming salicylic acid) to alleviate the inhibitory effect of water deficiency during early growth of Smooth Vetch. In this respect, seeds were soaked in distilled water (hydro priming) or 0.5 mM solution of SA for 36 h at 10 °C then dried back to original moisture content. Pots were irrigated for 25 days at four levels of available water containing field capacity (FC), 75% FC, 50% FC and 25% FC. In general, seedling emergence and early growth were markedly limited by increasing water deficiency. However, priming treatments particularly with SA caused considerable improvement in either emergence or growth of seedlings (dry weight, length). The obtained results showed that primed samples exhibited higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine (GB) under all levels of available water except 100% FC and also higher total soluble sugars (TSS) and trehalose under severe water deficit (25% FC). SA primed samples had higher relative water content especially under higher levels of water deficiency. The more balanced water status within SA primed samples also was accompanied with higher accumulation of proline and glycine betaine. There were significant differences between two priming treatments in terms of proline and GB content within seedlings and SA priming considerably increased proline and GB accumulation. In contrast to proline and GB, TSS and trehalose content wasn’t influenced by SA treatment and both hydro and SA primed samples showed statistically similar quantities.

scholarly journals Effect of Exogenous Application of Amino Acids L-Arginine and Glycine on Maize under Temperature Stress

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 769 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Matysiak ◽  
Roman Kierzek ◽  
Idzi Siatkowski ◽  
Jolanta Kowalska ◽  
Roman Krawczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Lateral Roots ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Exogenous Application ◽  
C 23 ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect

Temperature strongly influences the growth of maize, particularly in the early growth stages. The exogenous application of some amino acids has been proven to have a positive effect on plant growth and development under stressful conditions. The objective of the study was to evaluate the response of maize that was grown under an optimal and stress (fluctuating) temperature to L-Arginine (L-Arg) and Glycine (Gly) application. In the study, it was assumed that the exogenously applied amino acids would alleviate the adverse effects of temperature stress on the maize height, as well as on the biomass of shoots and roots. Ten concentrations of each amino acid from 0.006 mM to 9.0 mM were tested under constant temperature conditions 20–22 °C/23–25 °C (night/day) an fluctuating stress of rising and dropping temperatures between 12–15 °C (night) and 30–38 °C (day). The amino acids were applied to the crop at growth stages V3–V4. In plants that were obtained from seeds pre-treated with L-Arg and Gly, the amino acids increased both the length of radicles and the number of lateral roots. A large discrepancy between the effects of the two amino acids was observed after foliar application. Under optimal thermal conditions, L-Arg increased the mass of shoots and roots by 55–59%. Under stress conditions, root mass was increased even by 100% when compared to the control plants. The best results were recorded at concentrations of 6 mM and 3 mM. Plants that were treated with Gly concentrations generally reached the height of untreated plants or less. It was shown that Gly applied at concentrations of 0.2 mM to 3 mM has a negative effect on the fresh mass of the crop.

scholarly journals Assessment of Salicylic Acid Impacts on Seedling Characteristic of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under Water Stress

2012 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein MARDANI ◽  
Hassan BAYAT ◽  
Amir Hossein SAEIDNEJAD ◽  
Ehsan Eyshi REZAIE
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Cucumis Sativus ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Water Stress Tolerance ◽  
Randomized Design

Impacts of various concentrations of salicylic acid (SA) on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling characteristic were evaluated under different water stress levels by using a factorial arrangement based on completely randomized design with three replications at experimental greenhouse of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran. The studied factors included three water deficit levels (100% FC, 80% FC, and 60% FC) considered as first factor and five levels of SA concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mM) as second factor. Results showed that foliar application of SA at the highest concentration enhanced leaf area, leaf and dry weight while decreased stomatal conductance under high level of water deficit stress. Though, severe water deficit stress sharply raised the SPAD reading values. In general, exogenous SA application could develop cucumber seedling characteristic and improve water stress tolerance.

Effects of irrigation and nitrogen on the yield components of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 845 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Buntain ◽  
B Chung
Keyword(s):  
Yield Components ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Full Irrigation ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Late Flowering ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dry Conditions ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of irrigation and nitrogen applied at different growth stages on the oil and anethole yields of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), and its yield components. Irrigation increased the yield of whole plant dry matter, with the stem elongation stage being the most sensitive. Full irrigation and irrigation applied during the flowering and late flowering growth stages increased umbel and oil yields. Irrigation during the late flowering stage made the greatest contribution to oil yield, accounting for >80% of the yield due to full irrigation. This was attributed to the concurrent timing of irrigation during the late flowering stage with dry conditions and the development of the main oil-bearing structures, the secondary and tertiary umbels. Irrigation had no significant effect on the anethole concentration of the oil. The best economic return was achieved by irrigating during the late flowering stage. There was no significant effect of nitrogen on any of the yield components measured in this study.

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