Anti-diarrheal, Analgesic and Anti-microbial activities of the plant Lalmesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa): A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Raihan Sarkar ◽  
SM Moazzem Hossen ◽  
Md Sariful Islam Howlader ◽  
Md Ashfaqure Rahman ◽  
Avijit Dey
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Writhing Test

The aim of this study was to phytochemically investigate the ethanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn. calyces and to evaluate the analgesic, anti-microbial and anti-diarrheal activities of this. The calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa were separated from the other plant parts and sun dried and extracted using ethanol and phytochemically and pharmacologically evaluated.Different Phytochemical tests were performed for phytochemical screening and for determining the functional groups. Different methods like Disc diffusion method for antimicrobial activity determination, Castor oil induced diarrhea in mice method for the antidiarrheal study and Acetic acid induced writhing test for analgesic activity were employed. Phytochemical screening of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa ensured the presence of alkaloid, flavonoids, saponins, tannins in the crude ethanolic extract. The peripheral analgesic activity was evaluated by acetic acid induced Writhing method. The extract produced 66.85% (p< 0.001) inhibition of writhing in mice at the dose of 500-mg/kg body weight, which is comparable to diclofenac sodium (78.45% (p<0.001) at the dose of 25mg/kg). The anti-diarrheal activity of the crude extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa was evaluated using the model of castor oil induced diarrhea in mice. The crude etanolic extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyces) showed a marked antidiarrhoeal activity at dose of 500 mg/kg-body weight as compared to the standard antidiarrhoeal agent loperamide (dose:50mg/kg-body weight). Hibiscus sabdariffa caused an increase in latent period i.e. delayed the onset of diarrhoeal episode and decreased the frequency of defecation. Anti-microbial activity was tested using a number of micro-organisms. The peripheral analgesic activity of the ethanolic extract of the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa against acute inflammatory pain was significantly high as compared to potent inhibitory activity of Diclofenac (25mg/kg). Therefore, it is likely that the ethanolic extract at a dose of 400mg/kg might suppress the formation of these substances or antagonize the action of these substances and thus exerts its analgesic activity in acetic acid-induced writhing test. Anti-diarrheal activity was present in the ethanolic extract (500mg/kg) which indicate that the drug in decreased intestinal motility. This plant sample didn’t show any antimicrobial activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ijpls.v1i3.12978 International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Life Sciences Vol.1(3) 2012

scholarly journals A Study of Analgesic and Antimicrobial Potential of Mitragyna Parvifolia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik D. ◽  
Khokra S. L. ◽  
Khokra S. L. ◽  
Kaushik P. ◽  
Saneja A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
E Coli

The present study was designed to evaluate the analgesic and antimicrobial activities of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mitragyna parvifolia plant (Rubiaceae) family. The analgesic activity was carried out on swiss albino male mice by Eddy’s hot plate and Acetic acid induced writhing test. The extract showed only moderate analgesic potential in acetic acid induced writhing test at all the test doses while the extract at the dose of 500 mg/kg (P less than 0.01) showed strong analgesic activity comparable to standard drug Diclofenac sodium (50 mg/Kg, i.p.) in hot plate method. The extract in different concentrations was also tested for antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method. The extract significantly inhibited S. aureus and showed some degree of inhibition against P. aeruginosa and E. coli.

scholarly journals Analgesic and Antidiarrheal Activities of Leaf of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218
Author(s):  
Md Rahatullah Razan ◽  
Muhammed Mahfuzur Rahman ◽  
Faiza Tahia ◽  
Md Khalid Hossain ◽  
Mohammad A Rashid
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Swiss Albino Mice

The methanol extract of leaf of Podocarpus neriifolius D. Don exhibited in vivo peripheral analgesic and antidiarrheal activities in Swiss Albino mice. In the peripheral analgesic activity assay, the methanolic extract showed 50.00 ± 8.57% and 70.25 ± 1.18% inhibition of acetic acid-induced writhing at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively. In addition, the extract also revealed a dose dependant inhibition of castor oil- induced diarrhea with 43.77 ± 3.13% and 56.23 ± 6.49% inhibition of feces at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectivelyBangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 19(2): 215-218, 2016

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity Of Asparagus Racemosus Willd. and Asparagus Curillus Buch.-Ham. Ex Roxb

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 91-102
Author(s):  
Rose Shrestha ◽  
Astha Shakya ◽  
Krishna Kumar Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Asparagus Racemosus ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Different Strains

Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical regions of Nepal and India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. Asparagus curillus Buch-Ham.ex Roxb. is also one of the species found in higher altitude of Nepal. Its roots are used as substitute for A. racemosus. Phytochemical investigation was done for these two species of Nepalese Asparagus as per Methodology for Analysis of Vegetable Drugs by I. Ciulei.1982. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of coumarin, flavonoid, catecholic tannin, reducing compound in alcoholic extract of A. racemosus while its aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid, reducing compound, polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin, catecholic tannin, etc. Similarly, alcoholic extract of A. curillus revealed catecholic tannin, reducing compound and aqueous extract revealed polyuronoid polyoses, saponin, gallic tannin as main phytochemical compounds. Comparative antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of these two species has been evaluated using Kirby-Bauer Agar well diffusion method. The extracts were screened for their antimicrobial activity on nine different strains of human pathogenic microorganisms such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalies, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans. Among them A. racemosus has shown selected antimicrobial effects against B. subtilis, E. coli, E. faecalis, S. cerevisiae and C. albicans with zone of inhibition of 25 mm in an average. While A. curillus showed effects on S. cerevisiae and C. albicans only with zone of inhibition about12 mm.J. Nat. Hist. Mus. Vol. 29, 2015, Page: 91-102 

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANTI-DIARRHOEAL ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF CLERODENDRUM INFORTUNATUM

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Animesh Hazarika ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Castor Oil ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Antidiarrheal Activity

Objective: To determine preliminary phytochemical Screening and evaluation of Antidiarrheal activity of ethanolic extract of Leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum.Methods: The ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum was prepared and analyzed for phytochemical constituents using standard method and evaluate scientifically the anti-diarrheal effect using leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum by castor oil-inducing method. Animals were divided into four groups. Group-I was treated with distilled water 2 ml/kg body weight. Group-II was treated with loperamide 1 mg/kg body weight, Group-III and Group-IV were treated with ethanolic extract of leaves Clerodendrum infortunatum 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg body weight respectively.Results: Various phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of sterols, terpenoids, alkaloids, carbohydrates, tannins, glycoside, saponins, proteins and amino acids. The ethanolic extract of Clerodendrum infortunatum leaves given by oral route to mice at doses of 200 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg significantly showed antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induced diarrhea as compared with control group and standard.Conclusion: The present study concluded that ethanolic extract of leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum contain the high presence of phytochemical components and it showed that the leaves of Clerodendrum infortunatum having significant antidiarrheal activity. All doses of the plant extracts showed a significant delay in castor oil-induced diarrhea and this justifies the use of this plant as a herbal remedy against diarrhea. 

scholarly journals In vivo Analgesic activity of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus seeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubab Tarannum Islam ◽  
Ahmed Tanjimul Islam ◽  
Mir Monir Hossain ◽  
Kishor Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Pharmaceutical Journal ◽  
Mice Model ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Writhing Test

The sunflower seed is the seed of the sunflower (Helianthus annuus). The methanol extract of seeds of Helianthus annuus were screened for analgesic activity in mice model to systematically explore the medicinal values of the plant. Acetic acid induced writhing and hot plate methods were used to confirm the central and peripheral analgesic action. In case of acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract showed significant (P <0.05) analgesic potential at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight (50.35 and 57.85% inhibition, respectively). In the hot plate method, increase (p < 0.05) of latency period was also observed in comparison to standard aspirin. At 60 minutes, the latency period of two different doses (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight) was found at 13 ± 0.91 and 16.5 ± 1.55 second. The results obtained support the use of Helianthus annuus seeds in painful conditions acting both centrally and peripherally.Islam et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, March 2016, 5(4): 38-40http://www.icpjonline.com/documents/Vol5Issue4/02.pdf

scholarly journals Evaluation of the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Populus deltoides leaves in mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 5942-5947
Author(s):  
Vijay Bahadur Maurya ◽  
Vishnu Prasad Yadav ◽  
Vinay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Peripheral Mechanism ◽  
Analgesic Activities

The ethanolic leaves extract of Populus deltoides was tested for the presence of various phytoconstituents and designed to evaluate the analgesic activity in mice. The peripheral analgesic activity of ethanolic leaves extract of P.deltoides (250 and 500 mg/kg) was studied by using acetic acid stimulated writhing test and central analgesic activity of P.deltoides was studied by using hotplate process. The ethanolic leaves extract of P.deltoides  professed the existence of a variety of chemical constituents like alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, terpenes and steroids. Leaves extract of P.deltoides appreciably decreased the writhing actions in acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice and amplified the respond time in hotplate test. These results suggest that the extract may have NSAIDs like activity through the peripheral mechanism and central analgesic activities via opioid receptors. From our study, we endowed that leaves extract of P.deltoides has feasible to analgesic activity. This study reveals that it can be used in the management of pain and provide a scientific basis for its traditional use. 

scholarly journals Scientific Approaches in Screening the Analgesic property of Sida Cordata

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (09) ◽  
pp. 1252-1262
Author(s):  
Srinivasan K ◽  
◽  
Sivakumar T ◽  
Kiruthiga N ◽  
Haja Sherief S ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Vehicle Control ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Plate Method ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Indian Medicine

Pain is likely the most common symptomatic complaint in medicine; an understanding of its mechanism is critical to interpret it. Nociception refers to the detection of noxious stimuli by nociceptors, followed by transduction and transmission of the sensory nervous information from the periphery to the brain. Plants have played a unique holistic role for the provision of food, drugs, clothing, shelter, etc. Natural compounds have been extensively explored for new drug discoveries. Indeed, plants have been used as medicines for more than 5000 years, as a source of antibiotics, antineoplastic, analgesics, cardioprotective, among others. About 70–90% of the population in developing countries continue to use ancient medicines based on plant extracts. Sida cordata popularly known as “bala” is regarded as a valuable drug in the Ayurvedic System of Indian Medicine. In order to validate the ethnomedical claim of Sida cordata as pain reliever, a study was conducted to evaluate the analgesic activity of ethanolic extract of Sida cordata whole plant in laboratory animals. For centrally mediated analgesic activity, eddy’s hot plate method was employed and Pentazocine was uses as reference control. For peripherally mediated analgesic activity, acetic acid induced writhing model was employed and Dicofenac was used as reference control. Sida cordata ethanolic extract was administered orally at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg. In eddy’s hot plate method, both the doses of Sida cordata significantly increased the reaction time compare to vehicle control. In acetic acid induced writhing test, both the doses of Sida cordata significantly reduced the number of writhing compare to vehicle control. In both the models, the effect produced by Sida cordata was comparable to that of respective reference control. The results obtained suggest that the ethanolic extract of Sida cordata has showed marked analgesic activity in experimental animal models and this strappingly supports the ethnopharmacological applications of the plant for the target activity.

scholarly journals Onosma bracteatum wall: A Potent analgesic agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hina Imran ◽  
Atiq Ur Rahman ◽  
Tehmina Sohail ◽  
S Intasar H Taqvi ◽  
Zahra Yaqeen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Latency Period ◽  
Maximum Effect ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Tail Flick Test ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Post Feeding

Background: This study was aimed to find out the central and peripheral analgesic activity of hydro methanolic extract of aerial parts of Onosma bracteatum.Material and methods: The central and peripheral analgesic activity is evaluated by tail flick test and acetic acid induced writhing test at the doses of 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/kg body weight respectively in animal models.Results: The results obtained from Tail flick test revealed that O. bracteatum possesses potent analgesic effects by inducing significant increase in latency period in dose dependent manner at all doses at 1, 2 and 3 hours post feeding respectively. The maximum effect was observed at a dose of 500mg/kg i.e. 258.9% (p<0.05) at 3hrs post feeding. Diclofenac sodium (5mg/kg body weight) run as standard also increased the latency period continuously and highest activity was noted at 3hr i.e. 284.5% (p<0.05). Acetic acid induced writhing test also showed significant activity in a similar manner by O. bracteatum i.e 54% (p<0.05) at 500mg/kg while standard drug Diclofenic sodium (5mg/kg body weight) showed 45.9% (p<0.05) activity.Conclusion: It is concluded that O. bracteatum possesses significant central and peripheral analgesic activity in animal model.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.17(1) 2018 p.36-41

scholarly journals The analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models

2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 206-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Das ◽  
P K Bordoloi ◽  
P Saikia ◽  
L Kanodia
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reaction Time ◽  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Paederia Foetida ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective:To study the analgesic and acute anti-inflammatory effect of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Paederia foetida (EEPF) on experimental animal models. Materials and Methods: Fresh leaves were collected, air-dried, powdered, and percolated in 95% ethanol. Acute toxicity test was done according to OECD guidelines. Healthy albino rats (150-200 gm) of either sex were taken and divided into five groups with six animals in each group for central analgesic activity by tail flick method. Peripheral analgesic activity by 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing test by taking albino mice (20-30 gm) of either sex which were divided into three groups with six animals in each. EEPF was used in a dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight subcutaneously for tail-flick method and orally for writhing test. In tail-flick method the basal reaction time was taken and a cut-off period of 10 sec was observed. Reaction time were recorded at predrug, 15, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 minutes after administration of drug . The standard drug used for central analgesic activity was pethidine 5 mg/kg bw, naloxone 1mg/kg as antagonist and naloxone 1mg/kg bw with 500mg/kg bw of EEPF to study the central mechanism of action. The standard drug used for peripheral analgesic activity was aspirin 100mg/kg bw orally. A control group was maintained in all the models. For anti-inflammatory study, three groups of animals of either sex (n = 6), weighing 150-200g of the species Rattus norvegicus were taken for the study. Group A was taken as control (Normal salie, 10 mL/kg body weight), Group B as test group (EEPF 500 mg/kg body weight), and Group C as standard (Aspirin 100 mg/kg body weight). The animals were studied for acute inflammation by Carrageenan-induced rat paw edema. Statistical analysis  was done by one-way analysis of variance followed by multiple comparison tests.Results: EEPF significantly increased the reaction time in tail-flick method (p<0.05) whereas the combination of naloxone and EEPF decreased the reaction time indicating that naloxone inhibits the analgesic effect of EEPF. In 1% glacial acetic acid induced writhing EEPF reduced writhing significantly In acute inflammation, there was significant inhibition of paw edema in Groups B, C in comparison with Group A (P < 0.05). Conclusion:The ethanolic extract of Paederia foetida has significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v11i3.11723 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 11 No. 03 July’12

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activity of Leaves and Flowers of Cassia auriculata linn

1970 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Subhadradevi ◽  
K Asokkumar ◽  
M Umamaheswari ◽  
AT Sivashanmugam ◽  
JR Ushanandhini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Cassia Auriculata ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ancient Times

Since ancient times plant as sources of medicinal compounds have continued to play a dominant role in the maintenance of human health. To treat chronic and infectious diseases plants used in traditional medicine contain a wide range of ingredients. In this regard, Cassia auriculata L. (Caesalpiniaceae) is widely used in Ayurvedic medicine as a tonic, astringent and as a remedy for diabetes, conjunctivitis, ulcers, leprosy, skin and liver diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia auriculata leaves and flowers (CALE & CAFE). CALE and CAFE exhibited broad spectrum antimicrobial activity against standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis and exhibited no antifungal activity against standard strains of Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was carried out for CALE and CAFE. The results obtained in the present study indicate that the CALE and CAFE can be a potential source of natural antimicrobial agents. Key words: Cassia auriculata; Antimicrobial activity; Agar well diffusion method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v46i4.9600 BJSIR 2011; 46(4): 513-518

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