scholarly journals Load of Aeromonas salmonicida in Swamp Water and its Pathogenicity to Koi, Anabas testudineus (Bloch)

1970 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 181-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rowshatul Afza ◽  
M Afzal Hussain ◽  
Habiba Khatun ◽  
Sabina Yeasmin ◽  
Md Iqbal Hossain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Anabas Testudineus ◽  
Tropical Zone ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Zone Temperature

Among the fishery resources, swamps are very important for various fish species such as Oreochromis nilotica, Oreochromis mossambica, Anabas testudineus, Channa punctatus and Heteropneustes fossilis. Swamps require shorter time and small investment for fish culture (Rahman et al. 1998). However, diseases are major problems in fish production both in culture system and wild condition in Bangladesh (Rahman and Chowdhury 1996). Bacteria, especially Aeromonas sp. is one of the causative agents of fish diseases. Bangladesh is situated in the tropical zone. Temperature is one of the important factors which affect the growth of pathogenic bacteria (Ljungh and Wadstrom 1982). Aeromonas sobria increases and grows at 17- 25°C (Rahman and Chowdhury 1996). Aeromonas sp. is the causative agent of various kinds of ulcerative disease of fishes (Karunasagar and Sugumar 1995). Yesmin et al. (2004) and Chowdhury and Baqui (1997) reported that Aeromonas is a very common pathogen in carps and live fishes. Hossain et al. (2006) worked on the bacterial load, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and their artificial infection to Oreochromis niloticus. The present study was undertaken to investigate the bacterial load in swamp water and the pathogenicity of A. sobria in A. testudineus.   doi: 10.3329/jbs.v15i0.2162 J. bio-sci. 15: 181-184, 2007

scholarly journals Burden of Enteropathogens Associated Diarrheal Diseases in Children Hospital, Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan B Sherchand ◽  
Michiyo Yokoo ◽  
Ojaswee Sherchand ◽  
Arun R Pant ◽  
Osamu Nakogomi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Culture Method ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Shigella Species ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Stool Samples

Diarrheal disease caused by bacteria, parasites or viruses continues to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality among young children in developing countries. Methods currently used in public health laboratories do not allow for the identification of rotavirus, Cyclospora and pathogenic E.coli infection though they represent as an etiology in large proportion of patients with diarrhea, the possibility exists that a portion of the undiagnosed illness may be attributable to one or more of the above enteropathogens. In a view to determine the causative agents of diarrhoea, the current study described the various enteropathogens associated with diarrhoea in hospitalized children. Stool samples were collected from children under 11 years of age who developed diarrhoea and were admitted to Kanti Children's Hospital between May to October 2007 and investigated in Tribhuvan University, Institute of Medicine, Health Research Laboratory; by using both the combination of microbiological and immunological tools ( EIA for rotavirus detection, standard parasitological procedure for Cyclospora and other intestinal parasites, and selective culture method and serotyping were used to differentiate the species of bacteria). A total of 440 diarrhoeal stool samples were collected and 285 (64.8%) enteropathogens were identified. The highest infection was due to intestinal parasites 104/285 (36.5%) followed by rotavirus 92/285 (32.3%); pathogenic bacteria 57/285 (20%) and Cyclospora 32/285 (11.2%). Among the pathogenic bacteria (20%) isolated, the predominant bacteria were Shigella species (36.8%); Vibrio species (26.3%); Escherichia coli (22.8%) and Salmonella species (14.03%) respectively. Various enteropthogens responsible for diarrhoea especially rotavirus, different pathogenic bacteria and Cyclospora infection, which are not examined routinely in public health laboratories, were found in significant proportion as a cause of diarrhoeal illness in children. The infection was peak in children under 2 years of age and was highest in rainy season. Key words: Burden; Diarrhea; Enteropathogens; Children; Nepal. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3830Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.71-75

scholarly journals Antibodies Are Major Drivers of Protection against Lethal Aerosol Infection with Highly Pathogenic Burkholderia spp.

mSphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Hogan ◽  
Eric R. Lafontaine
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Burkholderia Pseudomallei ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Cross Protection ◽  
Burkholderia Mallei ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Highly Pathogenic ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Aerosol Infection

ABSTRACT Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei are the causative agents of melioidosis and glanders, respectively. There is no vaccine to protect against these highly pathogenic bacteria, and there is concern regarding their emergence as global public health (B. pseudomallei) and biosecurity (B. mallei) threats. In this issue of mSphere, an article by Khakhum and colleagues (N. Khakhum, P. Bharaj, J. N. Myers, D. Tapia, et al., mSphere 4:e00570-18, 2019, https://doi.org/10.1128/mSphere.00570-18) describes a novel vaccination platform with excellent potential for cross-protection against both Burkholderia species. The report also highlights the importance of antibodies in immunity against these facultative intracellular organisms.

scholarly journals Stimulated Growth and Innate Immunity in Brook Charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) Treated with a General Probiotic (Bactocell®) and Two Endogenous Probiotics That Inhibit Aeromonas salmonicida In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gauthier ◽  
Rouleau-Breton ◽  
Charette ◽  
Derome
Keyword(s):  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Genomic Sequences ◽  
Bacterial Symbionts ◽  
Brook Charr ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria

Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium causing furunculosis, an opportunistic infection of farmed salmonid fish. Current treatment methods against furunculosis rely heavily on antibiotherapy. However, strains of this opportunistic fish pathogen were found to possess genes that confer resistance to major antibiotics including those used to cure furunculosis. Therefore, dispensing bacterial symbionts as probiotics to susceptible hosts appears to be a promising alternative. Here, we present the genomic characterization and in vivo safety assessment of two brook charr (Salvelinus fontinalis) bacterial symbionts that inhibited A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida growth in vitro (Pseudomonas fluorescens ML11A and Aeromonas sobria TM18) as well as a commercialized probiotic, Pediococcus acidilactici MA18/5M (Bactocell®). The genomic sequences of ML11A and TM18 obtained by whole-genome shotgun sequencing lack key virulence factor genes found in related pathogenic strains. Their genomic sequences are also devoid of genes involved in the inactivation (or target modification of) several key antimicrobial compounds used in salmonid aquaculture. Finally, when administered daily to live brook charr fingerlings, ML11A, TM18 and Bactocell® helped improve several physiological condition metrics such as mean body weight, Fulton’s condition factor and blood plasma lysozyme activity (an indicator for innate immune activity).

scholarly journals Broad and efficient control of major foodborne pathogenic strains ofEscherichia coliby mixtures of plant-produced colicins

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (40) ◽  
pp. E5454-E5460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Schulz ◽  
Anett Stephan ◽  
Simone Hahn ◽  
Luisa Bortesi ◽  
Franziska Jarczowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Thermal Inactivation ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
The United States ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Colicin M ◽  
Very High

EnterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli(EHEC) is one of the leading causes of bacterial enteric infections worldwide, causing ∼100,000 illnesses, 3,000 hospitalizations, and 90 deaths annually in the United States alone. These illnesses have been linked to consumption of contaminated animal products and vegetables. Currently, other than thermal inactivation, there are no effective methods to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in food. Colicins are nonantibiotic antimicrobial proteins, produced byE. colistrains that kill or inhibit the growth of otherE. colistrains. Several colicins are highly effective against key EHEC strains. Here we demonstrate very high levels of colicin expression (up to 3 g/kg of fresh biomass) in tobacco and edible plants (spinach and leafy beets) at costs that will allow commercialization. Among the colicins examined, plant-expressed colicin M had the broadest antimicrobial activity against EHEC and complemented the potency of other colicins. A mixture of colicin M and colicin E7 showed very high activity against all major EHEC strains, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture/Food and Drug Administration. Treatments with low (less than 10 mg colicins per L) concentrations reduced the pathogenic bacterial load in broth culture by 2 to over 6 logs depending on the strain. In experiments using meats spiked withE. coliO157:H7, colicins efficiently reduced the population of the pathogen by at least 2 logs. Plant-produced colicins could be effectively used for the broad control of pathogenicE. coliin both plant- and animal-based food products and, in the United States, colicins could be approved using the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) regulatory approval pathway.

Bacterial Contamination of Hospital Physicians' Stethoscopes

1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 626-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Bernard ◽  
Anne Kereveur ◽  
Dominique Durand ◽  
Jeanne Gonot ◽  
Fred Goldstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Hospital ◽  
Nosocomial Infections ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Bacterial Survival ◽  
Liquid Soap ◽  
Kinetics Of

AbstractBecause stethoscopes might be potential vectors of nosocomial infections, this study, conducted in a 450-bed general hospital, was devised to evaluate the bacterial contamination of stethoscopes; bacterial survival on stethoscope membranes; the kinetics of the bacterial load on stethoscope membranes during clinical use; and the efficacy of 70% alcohol or liquid soap for membrane disinfection. Among the 355 stethoscopes tested, 234 carried ≥2 different bacterial species; 31 carried potentially pathogenic bacteria. Although some bacteria deposited onto membranes could survive 6 to 18 hours, none survived after disinfection.

scholarly journals A Toll-Like Receptor 5 Agonist Improves the Efficacy of Antibiotics in Treatment of Primary and Influenza Virus-Associated Pneumococcal Mouse Infections

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 6064-6072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rémi Porte ◽  
Delphine Fougeron ◽  
Natalia Muñoz-Wolf ◽  
Julien Tabareau ◽  
Anne-France Georgel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Intranasal Administration ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Pneumococcal Infection ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5 ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTProphylactic intranasal administration of the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist flagellin protects mice against respiratory pathogenic bacteria. We hypothesized that TLR5-mediated stimulation of lung immunity might improve the therapeutic index of antibiotics for the treatment ofStreptococcus pneumoniaerespiratory infections in mice. Intranasal administration of flagellin was combined with either oral administration of amoxicillin or intraperitoneal injection of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole to treatS. pneumoniae-infected animals. Compared with standalone treatments, the combination of antibiotic and flagellin resulted in a lower bacterial load in the lungs and greater protection againstS. pneumoniaedissemination and was associated with an early increase in neutrophil infiltration in the airways. The antibiotic-flagellin combination treatment was, however, not associated with any exacerbation of inflammation. Moreover, combination treatment was more efficacious than standalone antibiotic treatments in the context of post-influenza virus pneumococcal infection. Lastly, TLR5 signaling was shown to be mandatory for the efficacy of the combined antibacterial therapy. This report is the first to show that combining antibiotic treatment with the stimulation of mucosal innate immunity is a potent antibacterial strategy against pneumonia.

Sanitation of fish farms and prevention of fish diseases by pond drying with the use of fish and grass rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova ◽  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
One Year

Objective of research: to present the actuality and novelty of application of fish and grass “rotation” because this allows to reveal new data on pond drainage planning which is the most effective in sanitation of the fish farm. Materials and methods: to determine the most effective cycle for the summer drying of ponds, we studied ecological and epizootological features of fishing ponds, which had been used after drying within 1 and 5 years. As research object served 8 fish ponds: 4 drained ponds under crop (40 ha), 4 — overflowed (40 ha) and filled with one-year carps (2,5-З thousand ind./ha) and silver carps (1,2-1,4 thousand ind./ha). Results and discussion: The results of comparative research on anti-epizootic efficacy of pond drying at different periodicity of 1 and 5 years with the use of fish and grass “rotation” are provided. Data on decreased invasion of fishes (carp, silver carp) by parasites, absence of causative agents of infection, improved blood indicators, increased fish production at annual pond drying (with the use of fish and grass “rotation”) compared with the pond drying of 5 year periodicity are presented. Advantages of economic efficacy of the annual frequency of pond drying are confirmed: twice increased commercial fish production; reduced expenses for purchase of food (own barley and wheat production), drugs, disinfectants, fertilizers that allow increasing economic revenue and making profit.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Bacterial flora in a Tannery Polluted Environment

1970 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-159
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Begum ◽  
Abu Tweb Abu Ahmed ◽  
Fauzia Hafiz ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Polluted Environment ◽  
Probable Number

The present study was carried out to assess the total bacterial load, incidence of total coliform, faecal coliform (Escherichia coli) and Salmonella species in water and soil of a tannery polluted environment (river Buriganga) and a selected freshwater fish pond environment. Samples were analyzed for their monthly variation and made a comparative investigation between the two different environments. The highest viable bacterial count was observed in tannery polluted water (2.7 x 105 cfu/ml) in May 2005 and in soil (5.7 x 107 cfu/g) in August, 2005. The total coliform and faecal coliform counts were always very high (>2,400/100 ml) in water and soil (>240/g) of tannery polluted area as measured by the most probable number (MPN) method. Salmonella was always present in tannery polluted samples, and occasionally in fresh water pond samples. It was also observed that tannery polluted environment was heavily polluted due to presence of large number of pathogenic bacteria as a result of tannery wastes discharged into the area. This poses serious threats to aquatic organisms, especially fish, and also for human being living in the Hazaribagh area.Keywords: Bacterial flora, Tannery polluted environment, Freshwater fish pondDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjm.v24i2.1264

scholarly journals Modern methods of control of pathogens of bacterial diseases of grain and vegetable crops of the species Pseudomonas syringae

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
L. Butsenko ◽  
L. Pasichnyk ◽  
Y. Kolomiiets
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Artificial Inoculation ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Artificial Infection ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Infected Tomato ◽  
Methods Of Control

The aim of the work is to study the effect on phytopathogenic bacteria of the species P. syringae of microbiological preparations and substances with aelysitor activity, as well as to analyze the resistance of plant varieties to the causative agents of bacterial diseases of this species. Methods. The antibacterial activity of microbiological preparations registered in Ukraine on the basis of Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Pseudomonas aureofaciens, Azotobacter chroococcum was determined by the method of wells on potato agar. To assess the chitosan’s helix activity, the vegetative tomato plants were treated with a solution of chitosan at a concentration of 0.4%: in the phase of 2—3 true leaves and in the flowering phase. One day after the second treatment, it was carried artificial inoculation of the leaves, stalks, and ovaries with a suspension of cells P. syringae pv. tomato IZ-28 titer 107 CFU/ml and took into account the symptoms of artificial infection. To determine the resistance of wheat and tomato varieties, artificial inoculation of plants was performed in a vegetative house with a suspension of P. syringae pv. atrofaciens UKM B-1011 and P. syringae pv. tomato IZ-28, respectively. Results. Microbiological preparations based on bacteria B. subtilis, P. fluorescens, P. aureofaciens had different antibacterial activity against pathogens of basal bacteriosis of wheat P. syringae pv. atrofaciens, bacterial spot of P. syringae pv. tomato and angular cucumber spot P. syringae pv. lachrymans. Treatment of infected tomato plants with low-molecular chitosan resulted in a slight inhibition of the development of bacterial mottling. Conclusions. Effective and economically viable is the use of biotechnological preparations and the cultivation of the varieties resistant to pathogens of bacterial diseases in vegetable crops.

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