scholarly journals Preparation of Biodiesel From Karanja (Pongamia Pinnata) Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
M Rakib Uddin ◽  
Kaniz Ferdous ◽  
Sukanta Kumar Mondal ◽  
Maksudur R Khan ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
Karanja Oil ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

Biodiesel is a biodegradable, sustainable and clean energy has worldwide attracted renewed and growing interest in topical years, chiefly due to development in biodiesel fuel and ecological pressures which include climatic changes. In this paper, karanja (pongamia pinnata) seed has been studied as a potential source for biodiesel preparation. Karanja oil is extracted from the seed by different methods. Oil properties have been measured by standard methods. Acid catalyzed transesterification, acid catalyzed two-step method and three-step method have been studied for biodiesel preparation from karanja oil. In the three-step method, the first step is saponification followed by acidification to produce free fatty acid (FFA) and finally esterification of FFA to produce biodiesel. In saponification, acidification and esterification reaction, the reaction parameters were optimized. Silica gel was used in both transesterification and esterification to adsorb water, produced in the reaction hence increase the reaction rate. Properties of biodiesel such as specific gravity, FFA, Viscosity, saponification value, iodine value, cloud point, pour point, flash point, cetane index, calorific value etc are measured and compared to conventional diesel fuel and standard biodiesel.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 24-28

scholarly journals Optimization of Biodiesel Production From Bakul Oil

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18
Author(s):  
Mohammad Kaniz Ferdous ◽  
M Rahim Uddin ◽  
M Rakib Uddin ◽  
Maksudur R Khan ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Press Method ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Mimusops Elengi

In this paper, biodiesel production from Bakul oil (Mimusops Elengi) by three-step method and optimization were studied by the application of factorial design. Bakul Oil (BO) was extracted from Bakul seeds by press method and soxhlet extraction method. Bakul seed was collected from the local sources. The raw oil, containing 11.1 wt% Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and viscosity was 76.62 mm2/s. Because of higher FFA content of BO transesterification method can’t be applied, so three-step method was conducted for biodiesel production and optimization. In the three-step method, the first step was saponification of the oil followed by acidification to produce FFA and finally esterification of FFA to produce biodiesel. The reaction parameters in saponification, acidification and esterification reaction were optimized. Silica gel was used during esterification reaction to adsorb water produced in the reaction and silica gel to FFA ratio was 1:10 wt/wt. Hence the reaction rate was increased and finally the FFA was reduced to 0.70 wt%. A factorial design was studied for esterification reaction and developed to obtain the higher yield of biodiesel. Finally various properties of biodiesel such as FFA, viscosity, specific gravity, cetane index, pour point, flash point were measured and compared with biodiesel and petro-diesel standard.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 14-18

Comparison and Evaluation of Performance, Emission and Wear Analysis of Diesel, JP-8 and Pure Karanja Biodiesel in a Military 780 hp CIDI Engine

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anand Kumar Pandey ◽  
M. R. Nandgaonkar ◽  
P. Sivakumar ◽  
Anand Kumar Kammanni Veerabhadrappa ◽  
A. Kumarasamy
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
Nox Emission ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Brake Mean Effective Pressure ◽  
Karanja Oil ◽  
The Impact

Investigating the impact of JP-8 and pure Karanja oil biodiesel fuel on diesel engine performance, emission and pump wear are very important for military track and wheeled vehicles due to their great potential as alternative fuels. In the present study, a military 780 hp CIDI engine was fuelled and tested with diesel, JP-8 and pure Karanja oil biodiesel respectively. The performances of fuels were evaluated in terms of brake horse power, specific fuel consumption, brake specific energy consumption, brake mean effective pressure, thermal efficiency and heat release rates. The emission of carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC), and oxides of nitrogen NOx with the three fuels were also compared. Both Karanja oil, after transesterification and JP-8 exhibit the properties (density, viscosity and calorific value) within acceptable limits of ASTM standard. Performance of both JP-8 and pure Karanja oil biodiesel were slightly lower than diesel. Emissions of CO and UHC were found lower with both JP-8 and Karanja oil biodiesel as compared to diesel fuel. However, only JP-8 fuel had lower NOx emission whereas Karanja oil biodiesel had 10% higher NOx emission. The fuel pump wear was tested after a 100 hours run.

scholarly journals Optimization of Three-Step Method For Biodiesel Production From Waste Cook Oil

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Kaniz Ferdous ◽  
M Rakib Uddin ◽  
M Rahim Uddin ◽  
Maksudur R Khan ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Pour Point ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Standard Methods

In this paper, production of biodiesel from Waste Cook Oil (WCO) by three-step method and optimization of the process were studied. The properties of raw oil were measured by standard methods. The raw oil containing 1.9 wt% Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and viscosity was 54.53 mm2/s. Biodiesel was prepared from WCO by three-step method. In the three-step method, the first step was saponification of the oil followed by acidification to produce FFA and finally esterification of FFA to produce biodiesel. The reaction parameters in saponification, acidification and esterification reaction were optimized. Silica gel was used during esterification reaction to adsorb water produced in the reaction and silica gel to FFA ratio was 1.5:10 wt/wt. Hence the reaction rate was increased and finally the FFA was reduced to 0.98 wt%. A factorial design was studied for esterification reaction to obtain the higher yield of biodiesel. Finally various properties of biodiesel such as FFA, viscosity, specific gravity, cetane index, pour point, flash point etc. were measured and compared with biodiesel and petro-diesel standard. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v27i2.17775 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 27, No. 2, December 2012: 6-10

scholarly journals Aphanamixis Polystachya: A Potential Non-Edible Source of Biodiesel in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaniz Ferdous ◽  
Anjan Deb ◽  
Jannatul Ferdous ◽  
M Rakib Uddin ◽  
Maksudur R Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Reaction Parameters ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Mechanical Press ◽  
Press Method

This paper represents an attempt that was made to prepare Biodiesel from a non-edible source, Aphanamixis Polystachya (Pitraj). Oil was extracted from the seed by mechanical press method. Various properties of raw oil such as viscosity, Free Fatty Acid (FFA) content, specific gravity, saponofication value etc. were measured by standard methods. FFA content of raw oil was found higher, so the acid catalysed two step method, acid catalysed esterification followed by base catalysed transesterification, was studied. Various reaction parameters such as oil to methanol ratio, catalyst wt%, reaction time and temperature were optimized for both esterification and transesterification reaction. 1H NMR of prepared biodiesel and raw oil was studied which confirms the conversion of oil to biodiesel. Finally, the various properties of produced Biodiesel, such as viscosity, FFA, specific gravity, iodine value, cetane index, calorific value etc. were measured and compared with biodiesel and petro-diesel standards. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jce.v28i1.18111 Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 28, No. 1, December 2013: 45-49

Engine Performance with Diesel-Biodiesel Blends Fuel and Emission Characteristics

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (5A) ◽  
pp. 779-788
Author(s):  
Marwa N. Kareem ◽  
Adel M. Salih
Keyword(s):  
Sulfur Content ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Engine Performance ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Gas Temperature ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Fuel Blends ◽  
Hc Emissions

In this study, the sunflowers oil was utilized as for producing biodiesel via a chemical operation, which is called trans-esterification reaction. Iraqi diesel fuel suffers from high sulfur content, which makes it one of the worst fuels in the world. This study is an attempt to improve the fuel specifications by reducing the sulfur content of the addition of biodiesel fuel to diesel where this fuel is free of sulfur and has a thermal energy that approaches to diesel.20%, 30% and 50% of Biodiesel fuel were added to the conventional diesel. Performance tests and pollutants of a four-stroke single-cylinder diesel engine were performed. The results indicated that the brake thermal efficiency a decreased by (4%, 16%, and 22%) for the B20, B30 and B50, respectively. The increase in specific fuel consumption was (60%, 33%, and 11%) for the B50, B30, and B20 fuels, respectively for the used fuel blends compared to neat diesel fuel. The engine exhaust gas emissions measures manifested a decreased of CO and HC were CO decreased by (13%), (39%) and (52%), and the HC emissions were lower by (6.3%), (32%), and (46%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively, compared to diesel fuel. The reduction of exhaust gas temperature was (7%), (14%), and (32%) for B20, B30 and B50 respectively. The NOx emission increased with the increase in biodiesel blends ratio. For B50, the raise was (29.5%) in comparison with diesel fuel while for B30 and B20, the raise in the emissions of NOx was (18%) and...

Spray and Combustion Characteristics of Biodiesel∕Diesel Blended Fuel in a Direct Injection Common-Rail Diesel Engine

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyun Kyu Suh ◽  
Hyun Gu Roh ◽  
Chang Sik Lee
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Injection Rate ◽  
Combustion Characteristics ◽  
Biodiesel Fuel ◽  
Injection Timing ◽  
Pilot Injection ◽  
Blended Fuel ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of the blending ratio and pilot injection on the spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel and compare these factors with those of diesel fuel in a direct injection common-rail diesel engine. In order to study the factors influencing the spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel, experiments involving exhaust emissions and engine performance were conducted at various biodiesel blending ratios and injection conditions for engine operating conditions. The macroscopic and microscopic spray characteristics of biodiesel fuel, such as injection rate, split injection effect, spray tip penetration, droplet diameter, and axial velocity distribution, were compared with the results from conventional diesel fuel. For biodiesel blended fuel, it was revealed that a higher injection pressure is needed to achieve the same injection rate at a higher blending ratio. The spray tip penetration of biodiesel fuel was similar to that of diesel. The atomization characteristics of biodiesel show that it has higher Sauter mean diameter and lower spray velocity than conventional diesel fuel due to high viscosity and surface tension. The peak combustion pressures of diesel and blending fuel increased with advanced injection timing and the combustion pressure of biodiesel fuel is higher than that of diesel fuel. As the pilot injection timing is retarded to 15deg of BTDC that is closed by the top dead center, the dissimilarities of diesel and blending fuels combustion pressure are reduced. It was found that the pilot injection enhanced the deteriorated spray and combustion characteristics of biodiesel fuel caused by different physical properties of the fuel.

Removal of free fatty acids in Pongamia Pinnata (Karanja) oil using divinylbenzene-styrene copolymer resins for biodiesel production

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 335-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Sathya Selva Bala ◽  
K.V. Thiruvengadaravi ◽  
P. Senthil Kumar ◽  
M.P. Premkumar ◽  
Vaidyanathan Vinoth kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Styrene Copolymer ◽  
Karanja Oil

Nitrogen-enriched carbon spheres coupled with graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets for high performance supercapacitors

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (29) ◽  
pp. 9724-9732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhu ◽  
Lirong Kong ◽  
Xiaoping Shen ◽  
Hu Zhou ◽  
Guoxing Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Performance ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Carbon Nitride ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Carbon Spheres ◽  
Energy Storage Devices ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Storage Devices ◽  
Excellent Electrochemical Performance ◽  
Carbon Nitride Nanosheets

A facile two-step method is proposed to synthesize g-CN/NCS composites, which exhibit an excellent electrochemical performance in clean energy storage devices.

Hot Forming Technique and Its Equipments for Ultra High Strength Steel

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Ma ◽  
Ping Hu
Keyword(s):  
High Strength Steel ◽  
Chemical Engineering ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Hot Forming ◽  
Continuous Heating ◽  
Step Method ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steel ◽  
One Step

Hot forming of ultra high strength steel is an advanced forming technique which can not only represent the best solution to increasing the strength-to-mass ratio of sheet components, but also meet the need of higher passive safety and weight reduction. Based on independently developed mass production line of hot forming, its key forming and quenching technique and relative equipments are proposed and described, including multi-step and one-step method, die manufacturing with cooling system, continuous heating furnace and integrated manufacturing system composed of the advanced interdisciplinary technology of machining, electronic control, material and chemical engineering. Then the automobile body components are produced by the developed equipments of hot forming and moreover their mechanical properties are investigated. The typical tensile curve of the quenched components shows that the yield stress of the hot forming component is over 1000MPa, and the strength limitation is over 1600MPa. The three-point bending testing of the part is implemented. These experimental results indicate the validity of the developed technique and equipments.

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