scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Discrimination of Benign and Malignant Breast Lumps with Histopathological Correlation

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarana Yasmin ◽  
Sohely Sultana ◽  
Mashah Binte Amin ◽  
Syed Shamsul Arephen ◽  
Sania Rafat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Histopathological Correlation ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Breast Lumps

Background: A lump in the breast is a cause of great concern. High frequency high resolution ultrasonogram helps in its evaluation. With major advances in ultrasonographic technology during the past 20 years, ultrasonogram can now distinguish benign and malignant solid breast lumps. Knowledge of the specific benign and malignant ultrasonographic characteristics of breast lumps is imperative for accurate diagnosis and optimal patient management.Objective: To determine the validity of ultrasound in the assessment of palpable breast lump by detecting the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonogram in distinguishing benign and malignant breast lumps.Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was done in the department of Radiology and Imaging of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka in collaboration with the department of Pathology of BSMMU for histopathological correlation during July 2008 to June 2009. A total of 100 patients who were clinically suspected of having breast lump were included in this study. Data on clinical presentation, ultrasonographic findings including histopathological reports were collected and documented in structured forms. Analysis was done using SPSS 13.0 version.Results: The study was done in 100 women of 18–70 years of age with mean age 41.46 ± 11.62 years. Breast lumps were found with associated clinical presentation of pain in 26 (26%) cases, discharge in 12 (12%) cases, skin changes in 28 (28%) cases, nipple retraction in 10 (10%) cases, and palpable lymph nodes in 10 (10%) cases. On ultrasonogram, lesions were diagnosed as benign in 62% cases and malignant in 38% cases. Out of sonographically diagnosed 62 benign lesions 58 (93.5%) were also proved benign histopathologically and 4 (6.5%) as malignant. Out of 38 sonographically malignant lesions, 34 (89.5%) were also proved as malignant histopathologically and 4 (10.5%) as benign.Conclusion: Ultrasonographic findings of benign and malignant breast lumps correlated well in most of the cases with the histopathological results. Therefore, it can be concluded that ultrasonogram is a useful imaging tool to discriminate benign and malignant breast lumps and thus we can reduce unnecessary breast biopsies, patient discomfort and anxiety in addition to increase in cost of the patient.J Enam Med Col 2015; 5(3): 151-156

scholarly journals ROLE OF ULTRASOUND STRAIN ELASTOGRAPHY FOR THE EVALUATION OF BREAST LESIONS

2020 ◽  
pp. 4-6
Author(s):  
Deoyani S Sarjare ◽  
Arti Anand ◽  
Soumya Agrawal ◽  
Shanas K. P. ◽  
Sandhya Yeshwante
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Breast Biopsy ◽  
Mammographic Screening ◽  
P Value ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Strain Elastography ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Breast Lumps

Introduction: Ultrasound (US) elastography is an emerging technique that can be used during breast US examination. Guidelines recommend mammographic screening and US for diagnosis of breast cancer. The specificity of these techniques is not high enough to prevent unnecessary biopsies. Hence there is need for a more specific technique to overcome this problem. This study aimed to evaluate the value of strain elastography (SE) for breast lesions. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional observational study over 18 months, 60 women with palpable breast lumps were evaluated with conventional US and SE. Results obtained were correlated with histopathological findings for statistical analysis. Result: A statistically significant correlation was found between SE and histopathological outcome with a p value of 0.03(<0.05). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 76.92% and the negative predictive value (NPV) was 76.47% with Chi square= 8.4. Conclusion: Ultrasound with SE can substantially improve the possibility of differentiating benign from malignant breast lesions thereby limiting recourse to biopsy and considerably reducing the number of benign breast biopsy diagnoses.

scholarly journals Role of Transvaginal Ultrasonography in the evaluation of Uterine Fibroids: a regional observation in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
- Mukthadira ◽  
MutaTah Hira ◽  
Netay Kumer Sharma ◽  
ASM Mahbubur Rahman ◽  
MA Razzaque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Uterine Fibroids ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Transvaginal Ultrasonography ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Uterine Neoplasms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Imaging Tool

Uterine fibroids, also known as leiomyomas, are the most common uterine neoplasms. Although benig, they can be associated with a significant number of morbidity and are the most common indication for hysterectomy. Transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) has become essential in the diagnosis and management of the uterine fibroids. TVS provides a detailed examination of uterus and ovaries. However, there is no nation-wide and regional clinical study on the use of TVS for the evaluation of uterine fibroids in Bangladesh. In this work, a cross-sectional study toob serve the role of TVS in the evaluation of uterine fibroids in a region of Bangladesh (Greater Mymensingh). In the diagnosis of uterine fibroids by TVS, we observed that 35(81.4%) cases (out of 43) are fibroids and 8 (18.6%) cases are non-fibroids. In histopathological diagnosis, we found 36 (83.7%) cases are uterine fibroids, and 7 (16.3%) cases are without fibroids. In this study, TVS diagnosed uterine fibroids with a sensitivity of 94.4%, the specificity of 85.71%, the accuracy of 97.6%, the positive predictive value of 97.1% and negative predictive value of 75%. The results demonstrate that TVS has the potential to become a useful imaging tool for the evaluation of uterine fibroids. CBMJ 2018 July: Vol. 07 No. 02 P: 17-23

scholarly journals A cross sectional study to evaluate the clinical presentation in multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ambika Sood ◽  
Pancham Kumar ◽  
Rakesh Sharma ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Sanya Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Inflammatory Syndrome

Background: MIS-C as a disease has varied symptoms and signs that affect multiple organs and systems in the body. The present study aimed to describe the clinical presentation among children admitted as a case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla.Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study of children with MIS-C from January to July 2021, in the pediatric ward of Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla in Himachal Pradesh. All children admitted with a diagnosis of MISC were included in the study. Data regarding clinical presentation was extracted and analyzed using Epi Info V7 software.Results: In the present study, a total of 31 children diagnosed and admitted as a case of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) were included. Mean age of these children was 7.12±4.78 years. Among the total 16 (51.6%) were males while 15 (48.4%) were females. All 31 patients had presented with fever and 13 (41.9%) patients had fever with rash. 5 (16.1%) had cough, 1 (3.2%) child presented with hematemesis, 18 (58.1%) had tachypnea at presentation and 15 (48.4%) patients had respiratory distress. 16 (51.6%) children had complaints of vomiting, 1 (3.2%) presented with bleeding diathesis and 12 (38.7%) had hematuria, 5 (16.1%) had seizures and 8 (25.8%) presented with encephalopathy. 19 (61.3%) children had hypotension, 15 (48.4%) had hepatomegaly and 15 (48.4%) had splenomegaly.Conclusions: It is very essential to characterize this syndrome to fully understand its spectrum, therefore we need to be continuously watchful for its varied clinical presentations, both for ensuring an early diagnosis and treatment of patients suffering from MIS-C.

A clinicopathological study to determine age specific prevalence rate of benign breast lumps

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 3655
Author(s):  
Noor Hassan Hussian ◽  
Pradip Kumar Mohanta ◽  
Subikash Biswas ◽  
Siddhabrata Besra ◽  
Sabuj Pal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Outer Quadrant ◽  
Breast Physiology ◽  
Breast Lumps

Background: The pathogenesis involves disturbance in the breast physiology extending from an extreme normality to well defined disease processes. The clinician must provide a degree of diagnostic accuracy while at same time ensuring that an excessive biopsy rate is prevented. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benign breast lumps in different age groups and to determine the prevalence of benign breast lumps among the breast symptomatic.Methods: This clinico-pathological cross sectional study was conducted with a sample size of 100. The study was conducted during the period from July 2018 to June 2019 which included all patients presenting with benign breast lump during the study period.Results: Out of 100 studied cases of benign breast diseases, the most common benign breast tumor found as fibro adenoma and majority of the fibro adenoma found in the 2nd and 3rd decade of life. Right breast and upper outer quadrant were most commonly affected. Majority of benign breast lesions presented with painless lump in the breast and most of them were from rural background. Majority of benign Breast lumps (45%) cases were found in the age group of 21-30 years. Majority of the patients (60%) attain menarche between ages 13-15 years. Majority of cases (55%) were belonged to lower socio economic status.Conclusions: Our study indicates that FNAC is diagnostically more accurate, safe, cost effective and OPD procedure, however when FNAC was inconclusive, biopsy is the best choice for breast tumors.

scholarly journals Diagnosis of breast lumps based on breast imaging reporting and data system score and histopathological examination: a comparative study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Shahaji G. Chavan ◽  
Sree Ganesh B. ◽  
Nandan Vemuri
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Breast Imaging ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Breast Cancer Incidence ◽  
Data System ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breast Lumps

Background: Breast cancer incidence in India is increasing and has now become the most common cancer among women. Preoperative pathology diagnosis and mammography (using breast imaging reporting and data system      (BI-RADS) scoring system) constitute an essential part of the workup of breast lesions. The present study was aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS score with histopathological finding in diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions of breast.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The present study was conducted on 100 randomly selected newly diagnosed cases of breast lump attending the General Surgery Department (OPD).Results: Considering histopathological examination as gold standard, the sensitivity and specificity of BI-RADS score is 93.9% and 82.3% respectively. The positive predictive value, negative predictive value and diagnostic accuracy of BI-RADS score is 91.1%, 87.5% and 90.0% respectively.Conclusions: Author conclude from the present study that BI-RADS score being non-invasive, it may become a very useful test for evaluating Breast lump lesions. However, BI-RADS score cannot be considered as gold standard and thus cannot be used as an alternative to histopathology in diagnosis of breast lumps.

scholarly journals Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis with ERCP Correlation

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Mahbuba Hussain ◽  
Mohammed Shafiul Alam ◽  
Fahmida Yeasmin ◽  
Sharmistha Dey ◽  
Enayet Karim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Positive Predictive Value ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Transabdominal Ultrasonography ◽  
Imaging Tool ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity ◽  
Upper Abdomen

Objective: This study was performed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of transabdominal ultrasonography in suspected patients of chronic pancreatitis correlating with ERCP.Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with chronic pancreatitis in the department of radiology and imaging, in collaboration with department of Gastroenterology of BSMMU and BIRDEM from 1st June 2008 to 31st may 2009. Total 60 consecutive patients of different age groups referred for USG of upper abdomen with a suspicion of chronic pancreatitis. At first all the patients were evaluated by detail history and clinical examination. USG of pancreas was performed in all cases. Then all patients underwent ERCP in the Gastroenterology department. The ERCP reports were collected and correlated with USG findings. Among all patients 4 refused to do ERCP and 6 patients had ERCP cannulation failure. Finally, 50 patients were considered as study sample.Results:Sonographically abnormalities were detected in 43 (86%) cases; 1 of them was diagnosed as normal by ERCP. Out of 7 (14%) sonographically normal, 3 were proved normal by ERCP and 4 cases, which were missed by sonography, were diagnosed as chronic pancreatitis by ERCP. Sensitivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing chronic pancreatitis was 91.3% and specificity was 75%, positive predictive value was 97.7%, negative predictive value was 42.9% and accuracy was 90%.Conclusion: Ultrasonography has significant sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and accuracy in the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and we consider ultrasonography as an appropriate imaging tool for diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.Birdem Med J 2015; 5(1): 5-8

Studying and More: Part-Time Employment as an Educational Challenge?

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
Silke Heuse ◽  
Cathrin Dietze ◽  
Daniel Fodor ◽  
Edgar Voltmer
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Future Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
Educational Challenge ◽  
Part Time

Background: Future health-care professionals face stress both during education and in later professional life. Next to educational trainings, many students are forced to assume part-time employment. Objective: Applying the Job Demands-Resources Model to the educational context, we investigate which role part-time employment plays next to health-care professional students’ education-specific demands and resources in the prediction of perceived stress. Method: In this cross-sectional study, data from N = 161 health-care students were analysed, testing moderation models. Results: Education-specific demands were associated with higher and education-specific resources with lower amounts of perceived stress. Part-time employment functioned as moderator, i.e. demands were less associated with stress experiences in students who were employed part-time. Conclusion: Identifying part-time employment as a resource rather than a demand illustrates the need to understand students’ individual influences on stress. Both educators and students will benefit from reflecting these resources to support students’ stress management.

Evaluation of Breast Lumps by Ultrasound and Correlation with Histological Findings

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Nelema Jahan ◽  
Md. Mamunur Rahman ◽  
Mohammad Shahidul Alam ◽  
Md Saiful Islam
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Breast Diseases ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Breast Lump ◽  
Histopathological Findings ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Breast Lumps ◽  
One Year ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background: A breast lump is the most common symptom associated with both benign and malignant breast diseases. Therefore, a distinction of benign from malignant lump is of importance for proper management. Though a definitive diagnosis is possible with imaging for all the lesions, histopathological study is proven essential for confirming the diagnosis. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of USG and histopathological findings of different breast lump in diagnosis and their comparison. Methods: A prospective study was conducted over a period of one year from January 2017 to December 2017. A total of 116 patients were included in this study. All breast lumps underwent surgery and the ultrasound findings of these lumps were compared with the histopathological findings. Data were collected from these patients by a preformed questionnaire and finally the data were analyzed. Results: Out of 116 patients only 21 cases were reported as malignant in ultrasound report but histopathology revealed 31 malignant patients. On histopathological examination 10 benign cases turned out to be malignant. Conclusion: The present study was undertaken to evaluate in diagnosing breast mass lesions individually by ultrasound and compared with histopathology for definitive management of a patient. Journal of Surgical Sciences (2019) Vol. 23 (1) : 10-12

Nigerian physiotherapists’ perception of direct access and patients’ self-referral

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidozie Emmanuel Mbada ◽  
Kayode D. Ojetola ◽  
Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin ◽  
Udoka A. C. Okafor ◽  
Olubusola E. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Direct Access ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
Physiotherapy Practice ◽  
South West ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Background: The global advocacy for Direct Access (DA) and Patients’ Self-Referral (PSR) to physiotherapy is consistent with the quest for promoting professional autonomy and recognition. It was hypothesized in this study that the attainment of this clarion call in Nigeria may be hamstrung by challenges similar or different from those reported in other climes. Objective: This study assessed the perception of DA and PSR among Physiotherapists (PTs) in South-West, Nigeria. Methods: One hundred PTs from ten purposely selected public-funded out-patient facilities from South-West, Nigeria responded in this cross-sectional study, yielding a response rate of 75% (100/150).  A previously validated questionnaire for World Confederation of Physical Therapists (WCPT) on the global view of DA and PSR for physical therapy was used in this study. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: There was a high awareness on legislation regulating practice (91%) and scope (84%) of the profession. Respondents assert that the extant legislation allows for DA (49%) and PSR (97%). However, 40% of the respondents opined that the baccalaureate qualification of PTs was inadequate for competence in DA and PSR; and a post-professional residency programme was mostly recommended (52%). Public support for DA and PSR to physiotherapy was rated more than the advocacy role of the Nigeria Society of Physiotherapy (60% vs. 40%). Physicians’ (71%) and politicians’ (65%) views were rated the major barrier to achieving DA and PSR status in physiotherapy. Similarly, physicians’ (90%) and politicians’ (88%) support was perceived as the major facilitator.  Conclusion: Physiotherapy practice in Nigeria has the semblance of autonomy in DA and PSR but is devoid of legislative support. Most Nigerian physiotherapists assume professional autonomy but were not aware of the lack of legal support for DA and PSR. The current entry-level academic curricula were considered to be deficient and inadequate for autonomous practice in Nigeria.  Physicians and politicians were the most important barrier or facilitator to achieving legal support for DA and PSR in physiotherapy in Nigeria.

scholarly journals Bedtime Oral Hygiene Behaviours, Dietary Habits and Children’s Dental Health

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 416
Author(s):  
George Kitsaras ◽  
Michaela Goodwin ◽  
Michael P. Kelly ◽  
Iain A. Pretty
Keyword(s):  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
General Anaesthetic ◽  
Dental Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Important Relationship ◽  
Bedtime Routine

Background: Oral hygiene behaviours as well as dietary habits before bed can affect children’s dental health resulting in higher prevalence of dental disease. Dental disease can affect children’s health, development and even school performance. If left untreated, dental disease can progress and it can lead to extractions under general anaesthetic causing further distress for children and families. Consistent and appropriate oral hygiene behaviours and dietary habits can prevent dental diseases from occurring in the first place. Objective: This cross-sectional study examines the relationship between oral hygiene behaviours, dietary habits around bedtime and children’s dental health. Methods: A total of 185 parents with children between the ages of 3 and 7 years from deprived areas participated in the study. Data on bedtime routine activities were collected using an automated text-survey system. Children’s dental health status was established through examination of dental charts and dmft (decayed, missed, filled teeth) scores. Results: In total, 52.4% of parents reported that their children’s teeth were brushed every night. The majority of children (58.9%) had dmft scores over zero. In total, 51 (46.7% of children with dmft score over 0 and 27.5% of all children) children had active decay. The mean dmft score for those experiencing decay was 2.96 (SD = 2.22) with an overall mean dmft score of 1.75 (SD = 2.24). There were significant correlations between frequency of tooth brushing, frequency of snacks/drinks before bed and dmft scores (r = −0.584, p < 0.001 and r = 0.547, p = 0.001 respectively). Finally, higher brushing frequency was associated with a lower likelihood of a dmft score greater than 0 (Exp(B) = 0.9). Conclusions: Despite families implementing oral hygiene behaviours as part of their bedtime routines those behaviours varied in their consistency. Results of this study highlight the need for additional studies that consider bedtime routine-related activities and especially the combined effects of oral hygiene practices and dietary habits due to their potentially important relationship with children’s dental health.

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