scholarly journals A Country Scenarioes of Food Security and Governance in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 41-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Kashem ◽  
MAA Faroque
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Essential Element ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
Access To Food

The Government of Bangladesh has identified food security as an important factor contributing to its socio-economic stabilization and development. Bangladesh has made a steady progress in the expansion of food production. But because of the increasing population pressure there has been an extensive use of land to meet the growing demand for food. Despite the growth in food production and its availability, food insecurity is still a major problem mainly because of the lack of purchasing power and thus of access to food, especially for the ultra poor community. This paper focuses on the availability of food as an essential element of the concept of food security and role of government to get food sufficiency. In addition to rice and wheat that constitute the staple food of Bangladesh, the paper deals with the production and availability issues of other major food commodities, such as potato, pulses, oilseeds, vegetables and fruits, and fisheries and livestock products. The food production of the country both rice and wheat, was 10.46 million metric tons in the 1971-72. Bangladesh attained self sufficiency in food production in 2010-2011 with a gross production of rice and wheat of 35.3 million metric tons which marginally met the country’s requirement of 23.64 million metric tones for the population of 148.69 million, taking 453.6 g per capita per day requirement. Production of vegetables and fruits has increased, from 1.5 million tons and 1.46 million tons in 2001-02 to 7.19 million tons and 3.56 million tons in 2009-10 respectively. Fish production increase from 2.0 million tons in 2001-02 to 3.0 million tons in 2010-11. Livestock product (meat, milk and egg) has also increase 50% over that last ten years. Of these, domestic production is critical in ensuring food availability at both national and household levels. Government of Bangladesh is trying to integrate and address all the elements associated with food security to achieve touch the MDG setting for the country. However, in recent years, the Government is putting additional efforts to increase production of important food crops as well as fisheries and livestock. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsf.v9i1-2.14646 J. Sci. Foundation, 9(1&2): 41-50, June-December 2011

scholarly journals Transmigration as a Strategy for Strengthening National Food Security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-107
Author(s):  
Mas Wedar Haryagung Adji ◽  
Santi Yulianti ◽  
Syifaa Tresnaningrum ◽  
Erna Gustina Norrista
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Alternative Solutions ◽  
National Food Security

Indonesia is one of the largest agricultural countries in Southeast Asia, but it is also struggling with food security issues. The government's challenge is to ensure that domestic food needs are fulfilled. The covid-19 pandemic exacerbated this challenge, where countries faced the threat of food shortages due to limited movement of goods. Thus, Indonesia should focus on increasing the production and productivity of strategic food commodities. One of the alternative solutions is through the transmigration program. This research focused on how the transmigration program can contribute to food security. The study was carried out through a descriptive qualitative method. The result shows that transmigration contributes to food security because of its similarity to the food production process. However, this program faces five main challenges to support food security. Therefore, this study shows several pre-conditions that the government needs to fulfill to overcome these challenges.

scholarly journals Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural production, livelihoods, and food security in India: baseline results of a phone survey

Food Security ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay M. Jaacks ◽  
Divya Veluguri ◽  
Rajesh Serupally ◽  
Aditi Roy ◽  
Poornima Prabhakaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phone Survey ◽  
Extra Food ◽  
The Government ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
Livestock Products ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on agricultural production, livelihoods, food security, and dietary diversity in India. Phone interview surveys were conducted by trained enumerators across 12 states and 200 districts in India from 3 to 15 May 2020. A total of 1437 farmers completed the survey (94% male; 28% 30–39 years old; 38% with secondary schooling). About one in ten farmers (11%) did not harvest in the past month with primary reasons cited being unfavorable weather (37%) and lockdown-related reasons (24%). A total of 63% of farmers harvested in the past month (primarily wheat and vegetables), but only 44% had sold their crop; 12% were still trying to sell their crop, and 39% had stored their crop, with more than half (55%) reporting lockdown-related issues as the reason for storing. Seventy-nine percent of households with wage-workers witnessed a decline in wages in the past month and 49% of households with incomes from livestock witnessed a decline. Landless farmers were about 10 times more likely to skip a meal as compared to large farmers (18% versus 2%), but a majority reported receiving extra food rations from the government. Nearly all farmers reported consuming staple grains daily in the past week (97%), 63% consumed dairy daily, 40% vegetables daily, 26% pulses daily, and 7% fruit daily. These values are much lower than reported previously for farmers in India around this time of year before COVID-19: 94–95% dairy daily, 57–58% pulses daily, 64–65% vegetables daily, and 42–43% fruit daily. In conclusion, we found that the COVID-19 lockdown in India has primarily impacted farmers’ ability to sell their crops and livestock products and decreased daily wages and dietary diversity.

scholarly journals Do the determinants of food security differ in improved rice variety adoption? Evidence from Sierra Leone

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 466-484
Author(s):  
Bashiru Mansaray ◽  
Shaosheng Jin
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Rice Variety ◽  
Switching Regression ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sierra Leonean ◽  
The Government

AbstractThe Sierra Leonean government has implemented the improved rice varieties directed at enhancing more rice production to reduce food insecurity. This paper evaluates the food security effect of improved rice variety adoption using cross-sectional data collected in 2017 from a randomly selected sample of 624 rice farmers in Sierra Leone. The analysis uses the endogenous switching regression and propensity score matching (PSM) approach. The results revealed that the adoption of improved rice varieties has a significant positive effect on food security. That confirms the crucial role of improved rice variety adoption in increasing food production and food security. Therefore, the study recommended the intensification of policies that promote improved rice variety adoption, if more food production and food security are to be realized. Further, the government should continue the lead in rice variety promotion and dissemination and in enhancing an enabling environment for the effective adoption of farmers. Given the preponderant evidence of the different factors of food security, appropriate policies that seek to promote formal education, more income generation for farmers, and easy and credible access to farmland for landless farmers would enhance food security.

scholarly journals Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Study of Northern Bangladesh

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Md. Tawhidul Islam ◽  
Md. Elias Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Benefit ◽  
Service Model ◽  
The Government

Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. With a total population of around 165 million, the country has constantly been facing food security challenges and other problems. Therefore, increasing food production is one of the feasible solutions to this challenge, and proper agricultural land use for food production bears critical importance. Adopting sustainable irrigation systems and viable technologies would be vital for ensuring efficient use of agricultural land in Bangladesh to safeguard the country's food security. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) can be a reliable option in this regard. However, Bangladesh has experienced a prolonged growth rate of SIP installation in the last decade.  The countryhas set a target to install 10000 SIPs by the year 2027, albeit it is a tiny share of the 1.57 million conventional irrigation pumps operating in the country. This study aims to investigate the economic feasibility of the SIPs operating in the northern region of Bangladesh in terms of estimating financial feasibility and environmental benefits. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from the users of SIPs from two Upazilas of Dinajpur and Rangpur districts. A total of 14 SIPs, categorized into large, medium, and small pumps, are selected randomly from the available SIPs in the study areas. The financial analysis reveals that small SIPs are the most profitable option (20% IRR) for investment. Large SIPs are moderately profitable (10% IRR), and their profitability can be improved (10.50% IRR) by introducing additional uses of solar energy. However, medium SIPs are the worst (5% IRR) option for investment. In the study areas, large and medium SIPs are designed for the 'fees for service model', and small SIPs are designed for the 'fees for ownership model'. It is found that the 'fees for ownership model' is more profitable than the 'fees for service model'. Moreover, the net environmental benefit for all SIPs is found almost equal to the given subsidy for installing them. Also, the net environmental benefit per kilowatt peak (kWp) is highest for the small SIPs. This paper recommends that additional use (e.g., husking, grinding, supply excess electricity to grid, and so on) of solar energy can improve the profitability of investmenton SIPs. Further, the government should continue giving grants for installing SIPs and promote 'fees for ownership model' (small SIPs) for personal use. It would speed up the dissemination rate of SIPs and help increase the country's agricultural production and improve the environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Optimizing cropland cover for stable food production in Sub-Saharan Africa using simulated yield and Modern Portfolio Theory

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1571-1606 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bodin ◽  
S. Olin ◽  
T. A. M. Pugh ◽  
A. Arneth
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Portfolio Theory ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Modern Portfolio Theory ◽  
Local Food Production ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Access To Food

Abstract. Food security can be defined as stable access to food of good nutritional quality. In Sub Saharan Africa access to food is strongly linked to local food production and the capacity to generate enough calories to sustain the local population. Therefore it is important in these regions to generate not only sufficiently high yields but also to reduce interannual variability in food production. Traditionally, climate impact simulation studies have focused on factors that underlie maximum productivity ignoring the variability in yield. By using Modern Portfolio Theory, a method stemming from economics, we here calculate optimum current and future crop selection that maintain current yield while minimizing variance, vs. maintaining variance while maximizing yield. Based on simulated yield using the LPJ-GUESS dynamic vegetation model, the results show that current cropland distribution for many crops is close to these optimum distributions. Even so, the optimizations displayed substantial potential to either increase food production and/or to decrease its variance regionally. Our approach can also be seen as a method to create future scenarios for the sown areas of crops in regions where local food production is important for food security.

scholarly journals Análisis de indicadores de disponibilidad y accesibilidad alimentaria en el municipio de Xalapa

UVserva ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Felipe Godínez García ◽  
Lol Ki Itzel López Galindo ◽  
María Magdalena Álvarez Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Food Access ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Programs ◽  
Nutritional Security ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Para Determinar ◽  
Food And Nutritional Security ◽  
Access To Food

Para determinar la situación de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional del municipio de Xalapa, Veracruz, se analizaron los pilares de la disponibilidad y accesibilidad a los alimentos; los indicadores incluidos fueron: producción de alimentos básicos, programas sociales, pobreza y carencias, desempleo, población económicamente activa e ingreso. De los 22 indicadores analizados, 13 presentan datos que indican una tendencia hacia la inseguridad alimentaria, mientras que 7 muestran valores de seguridad alimentaria. La producción de alimentos mostró una disminución, mientras que en los programas sociales se muestran como fortaleza, los indicadores de pobreza y desempleo muestran tendencia al aumento, al igual que la carencia por acceso a la alimentación. Al considerar que con uno de los cuatro pilares no se encuentre al 100% se considera un estado de inseguridad, es necesario examinar los indicadores de la SAN como un referente para establecer un diagnóstico por municipio.Palabras clave: seguridad alimentaria; municipio; indicador; pobreza; desnutrición AbstractThe Food and Nutritional Security: Food availability and Food access were analyzed to determine the situation of the municipality of Xalapa, Veracruz. The indicators worked were basic food production, social programs, poverty and shortages, unemployment, economically active population, income. The food production shows a decrease, while in social programs a strength is shown, poverty and unemployment indicators show a tendency to increase, as well as the lack of access to food. In total of the 22 indicators analyzed, 13 present data indicating a trend towards food insecurity, while 7 show food safety values. It is necessary to analyze the indicators of the other pillars of the SAN to establish a better diagnosis of the municipality.Keywords: Food Security; Municipality; Indicator; Poverty; Malnutrition

scholarly journals Konversi Lahan Sawah: Potensi Dampak, Pola Pemanfaatannya, dan Faktor Determinan

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bambang Irawan
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Wetland Area ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
Private Companies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Future Policy ◽  
Wetland Conversion

<strong>English</strong><br />Conversion of wetland area into non-agricultural uses raises economic, social, and environmental problems. This phenomenon is a serious problem for food security because it is unavoidable and its impact on food production decrease is permanent, accumulative, and progressive. To control wetland conversion the government launched many regulations but this formal approach seems ineffective due to various factors. Accordingly, policies revitalization including economic and social approaches should be developed. Principally, future policy of wetland conversion should be intended: (1) to reduce economic and social factors that stimulate conversion of wetland area, (2) to control the acreage, location, and type of wetland area conversed in order to minimize the negative impacts, and (3) to neutralize negative impacts through investments funded by the private companies involved in the conversion.<br /><br /><br /><strong>Indonesian</strong><br />Konversi lahan sawah ke penggunaan nonpertanian seperti kompleks perumahan, kawasan industri, kawasan perdagangan, dan sarana publik dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif secara ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan. Bagi ketahanan pangan nasional, konversi lahan sawah merupakan ancaman yang serius, mengingat konversi lahan tersebut sulit dihindari sementara dampak yang ditimbulkan terhadap masalah pangan bersifat permanen, kumulatif, dan progresif. Banyak peraturan yang diterbitkan pemerintah untuk mengendalikan konversi lahan sawah tetapi pendekatan yuridis tersebut terkesan tumpul akibat berbagai faktor. Sehubungan dengan itu maka diperlukan revitalisasi kebijakan dalam mengendalikan konversi lahan melalui pengembangan pendekatan ekonomi dan pendekatan sosial. Pada intinya kebijakan pengendalian konversi lahan di masa yang akan datang perlu diarahkan untuk mencapai tiga sasaran yaitu : (1) menekan intensitas faktor sosial dan ekonomi yang dapat merangsang konversi lahan sawah, (2) mengendalikan luas, Iokasi, den jenis lahan sawah yang dikonversi dalam rangka memperkecil potensi dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan, dan (3) menetralisir dampak negatif konversi lahan sawah melalui kegiatan investasi yang melibatkan dana perusahaan swasta pelaku konversi lahan.

scholarly journals Keragaan Galur Padi Lahan Sawah Pasang Surut Type C Melalui Teknologi Ratun Kabupaten Rokan Hilir

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-229
Author(s):  
Emi Sari Ritonga ◽  
Ida Nur Istina ◽  
Maizar Maizar
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Group Design ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Government ◽  
Production Target

Ritonga ES, Istina IN, Maizar M. 2019. The performance of the c type of swamp rice line through ratoon technology at Rokan Hilir Regency. Jurnal Lahan Suboptimal: Journal of Suboptimal Lands. 8(2):220-229.  To support food security, the government set a national rice production target of 10 million tons in 2014. Its a trigger in agricultural innovation. The utilization of sub-optimal lands such as tidal lowland for the purpose of increasing food production and self-sufficiency and making swamps as a national food barn continue to be pursued, both through innovation and excavation and the development of local wisdom. Various technological innovations have been produced by the IAARD on tidal lowland, including increasing crop intensity (IP), genetic improvement in rice, and ratoon planting systems. The aim of this research was to get the type C tidal rice lines through ratoon technology. The research has been conducted at Pematang Sikek Village, Rimbo Melintang sub District, Rokan Hilir Regency with  C type of tidal lowland using a Randomized Group Design with 4 replications. The rice strains tested included 11 tidal rice were with 11 types of tidal rice lines (G1, G3, G4, G6, G7, G8, G17, G20, G23, G45 , G53). The results showed that the best vegetative growth were G3 (118.33 cm), G7 (15.00 stems) Number of productive tillers was G4 (15.33 stems) while for generative growth G4 (2.50 t / ha), G53 ratoon (35.33 cm) 238.00 gram), weight of a thousand grains of G53 ratoon was (26.77 gram). G4 gives the highest production and adapted to Rokan Hilir tidal lowland.

scholarly journals The Shift of Staple Food from Sago to Rice: A Study about Food Security and Indigenous Communities

Society ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Lengga Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vulnerable Households

Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It’s undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the ‘National Food Security Improvement Program’ and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda.

Great divergence in climate change adaptation during 1500-1900AD: A comparative study on social resilience of Germany and China from a food security perspective

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diyang Zhang ◽  
Xiuqi Fang ◽  
Yanjun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Social Resilience ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Historical Case ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;The effectiveness of adaptation to climate change depend on the social resilience. Historical case studies of climate change adaptations would be conducive to better understanding the preferred solution of people with different cultural background, and coping with the risk of the ongoing global climate changes. The relationship among climate change, adaptations and social resilience are analyzed based on the previous researches about famines, agricultural production, trade and migration in Germany during the 16th to the early 20th century. Differences in the primary choices and their effectiveness between Germany and China are also discussed from the perspective of food security. The results are as follows. (1) In the 16th and 17th centuries, the German agricultural system was quite sensitive to the cold and abrupt fluctuated climate, and poor harvests always accompanied by famines in which more than 30% were severe famines. After 1700AD, the severity of famine and its correlation with temperature declined gradually. About 29% famines were merely considered as dearth, and the only severe famine (1770-1772AD) occurred after a back-to-back harvest failure. However, the impact of rainfall extremes on harvest still existed. (2) Germany successfully escaped from famine after 1850AD due to four effective adaptations: &amp;#9312; Planting structure adjustment, like increasing the proportion of rye, was first thought of, but the effectiveness was limited until potatoes became widely accepted. &amp;#9313; The rapid increase in crop yield brought by ago-technology progress reversed the trend of social resilience decreasing with population growth, but was not enough to fully offset the impact of climatic deterioration. &amp;#9314; The degree of dependence on grain import reached 20% in a short time, which improved the food availability and reduced the famine risk in German mainland. &amp;#9315; Three emigration waves, following the drought (1844-1846AD) and cooling (1870-1890AD) might have partly alleviated food shortage, especially at a local scale. By 1900AD, German social resilience was nearly 20 times than the scenario of lacking adaptation. (3) In contrast to Germany entered a resilience increasing period since the early 18th century, China maintained the decline of resilience as population pressure increased. Differences might be attributed to their location and culture background. China had long been a unified and powerful empire in east Asia with large internal market and self-sufficient agricultural society, which made it more prone to reduce risk through domestic adjustments, such as internal migration and government relief. When the capacity for disaster relief efforts by the government failed to meet the needs of crisis management, social resilience would drop dramatically. Whereas Germany, located in the continent with a long history of division and amalgamation, had a commercial tradition and was close to the origin of the first industrial revolution, was more willing and likely to find new approaches for food supply ensurance or risk transfer in regional exchanges.&lt;/p&gt;

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