scholarly journals The Shift of Staple Food from Sago to Rice: A Study about Food Security and Indigenous Communities

Society ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Lengga Pradipta
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Population Pressure ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
The Government ◽  
Vulnerable Households

Food security is still becoming a crucial issue in developing countries nowadays, either in urban or rural areas. There are many factors triggered this condition, such as the increase in population pressure and conflict, privatization and changing tenure arrangements, poverty, social differentiation and also environmental degradation. It’s undeniable that food security is a multidimensional problem, especially for people who lived in rural or isolated areas. In Mentawai Islands, a district located in the western part of Indonesia, the indigenous people depend on forest product (sago) as their main source of food. However, since 2012, the government has destroyed their food culture by establishing the ‘National Food Security Improvement Program’ and conducting the agricultural intensification as well as establishing 600 hectares of new rice fields in six sub - districts; South Pagai, North Pagai, Sikakap, South Sipora, North Sipora, and South Siberut. This study is conducted comprehensively using the Food Security and Vulnerability Analysis (FSVA) to understand and describe the exact profiles of food-insecurities and vulnerable households. Furthermore, it also identified the risks and vulnerabilities of food consumption in Mentawai communities. Findings depict that shifting or transforming the food culture from sago to rice is a serious issue because socio-cultural aspects influence it and surely the government has to make a parallel policy that can accommodate the people needs, not only prioritize the national development agenda.

scholarly journals Overview and evaluation of the Indonesia's water resources management policies for food security

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Andi Setyo Pambudi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Resource Management ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Population Policy ◽  
National Development ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Irrigation Network ◽  
The Government

Water and water resources must be maintained by their functions and benefits to meet the needs of all sectors and future generations. One important part of sustainable water resource management that is of considerable interest to the government is irrigation which aims to achieve food security. Food security in Indonesia Development in the field of food security and poverty alleviation in rural areas is one of the leading sectors in the nine national development priority agendas contained in “Nawa Cita”. The development of food security in Indonesia faces many complex problems, such as irrigation infrastructures maintenance, regulations, land use change, population, policy implementation, coordination among stakeholders and also budget issues. The method in this study is a qualitative method through the literature review related to the management of water resources for food security in Indonesia. This paper seeks to evaluate the development irrigation policies as part of sustainable water management that supports food security in Indonesia. Literature sources are 5 main regulations, 5 papers and some government reports. To support increased food security, the direction of the Indonesian Government's policy in strengthening food security from the irrigated agricultural sector is realized through a strategy to increase production capacity and improve irrigation network services. The problem of the availability of irrigation water must be addressed quickly by upstream conservation, maximizing capacity through normalization of existing reservoirs, and continuing to build dams to have water storage containers that can accommodate planting season throughout planting. Air dan sumber daya air harus dijaga fungsi dan manfaatnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan semua sektor dan generasi mendatang. Salah satu bagian penting dari pengelolaan sumber daya air berkelanjutan yang cukup menarik perhatian pemerintah adalah irigasi yang bertujuan untuk mencapai ketahanan pangan. Di Indonesia, pembangunan di bidang ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan di pedesaan merupakan salah satu sektor unggulan dalam sembilan agenda prioritas pembangunan nasional yang tertuang dalam “Nawa Cita”. Pembangunan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia menghadapi banyak masalah yang kompleks, seperti pemeliharaan infrastruktur irigasi, regulasi, perubahan penggunaan lahan, kependudukan, implementasi kebijakan, koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan dan juga masalah anggaran. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif melalui studi pustaka terkait pengelolaan sumber daya air untuk ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Tulisan ini berupaya mengevaluasi kebijakan pembangunan irigasi sebagai bagian dari pengelolaan air berkelanjutan yang mendukung ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Sumber literatur adalah lima peraturan utama, lima makalah dan beberapa laporan pemerintah. Untuk mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan, arah kebijakan Pemerintah Indonesia dalam memperkuat ketahanan pangan dari sektor pertanian beririgasi diwujudkan melalui strategi peningkatan kapasitas produksi dan peningkatan pelayanan jaringan irigasi. Masalah ketersediaan air irigasi harus segera diatasi dengan konservasi di wilayah hulu, memaksimalkan kapasitas melalui normalisasi waduk yang ada, dan terus membangun bendungan untuk memiliki wadah penampung air yang dapat mencukupi kebutuhan pasokan sepanjang musim tanam.

Evaluation of access to electricity and the socioeconomic effects in rural and urban expanses of Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toluwalope Ogunro ◽  
Luqman Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
National Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
The Government ◽  
Electricity Access

PurposeRecently, multidimensional aspects of poverty has been increasingly focused on which includes education, economy and health, while access to modern energy such as stable electricity is also one of the possible solution; thus, this article aims to divulge the relation between access to electricity and progression in socioeconomic status in urban and rural areas of Nigeria in an attempt to propose a sustainable framework for access to electricity.Design/methodology/approachDemographic and health survey data are collected using four categories of model of questionnaires. A standard questionnaire was designed to gather information on features of the household's dwelling element and attributes of visitors and usual residents between the 2018 period. Biomarker questionnaire was used to gather biomarker data on men, women and children. Logistic model estimation technique was employed to estimate the socioeconomic factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria.FindingsThese studies discovered that there are diverse set of factors affecting access to electricity in Nigeria especially in the rural areas. However, respondent residing in rural areas are still largely deprived access to electricity; most importantly, households with no access to electricity are more likely to use self-generating sets as revealed. Additionally, empirical findings indicated that the higher the level of your education and wealth, the higher the likelihood of having access to electricity in Nigeria. These factors included political will to connect the rural areas to the national grid, development of other infrastructures in those deprived areas and others.Practical implicationsThe problem confronting access to electricity in Nigeria has three components. The first is the significance of those deprived access to electricity in the rural areas and the physical resources needed to connect them to the national grid. The second is the political willingness of the government to have equitable distribution of public goods evenly between rural and urban areas especially on electricity access which will go a long way in reducing poverty in Nigeria. The third is lack of robust national development plans and strategy to tackle the problems facing electricity access in Nigeria.Social implicationsAs the rate of socioeconomic status/development increases, access to electricity is anticipated to rise up in Nigeria.Originality/valueThe findings can be used by the policy makers to address problems facing access to electricity in Nigeria.

Indigenous Food Preservation and Management of Postharvest Losses Among the Akan of Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 323-334
Author(s):  
Kofi Quan-Baffour
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Postharvest Losses ◽  
The Government ◽  
European Markets

The rapid population increase has consequences on food security in Africa. The policies of the colonialists protected European markets and discouraged the growth of indigenous agro- industries in Africa. In Ghana much food is produced during the harvest seasons but greater part of it gets rotten due to lack of preservation or storage facilities. Despite the negative attitude of the colonialists towards local products indigenous food preservation continued unabated although limited to the aging population in the rural areas. The purpose of this chapter is to share the Akan heritage of indigenous food preservation as a strategy to manage postharvest losses and ensure food security and sustainable livelihoods. The chapter which emanated from an ethnographic study used interviews and observations for data collection. The study found that the Akan communities without agro-industries use their indigenous knowledge and skills to preserve food and create jobs. The chapter concluded that in this era of Africa's rebirth its people should utilize indigenous food processing skills to reduce postharvest losses and ensure food security. It was recommended that the government of Ghana should provide financial support to make indigenous agro-industries sustainable.

scholarly journals Policy Food Security Urban Area Improvement Program Through Urban Farming In Malang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Said Nasuiton
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
The Government ◽  
Food Needs

Food security is inseparable from the factors of availability, quality, and affordability of food, where the condition of a country is able to meet the food needs of society ranging from families to individuals. This is in accordance with the contents of the latest Law number 18 of 2012 concerning Food which states that food security includes availability in quantity, quality, and affordability, the aim is to create a healthy, productive and sustainable life. This paper discusses how much influence the urban farming program as one of the government programs to achieve food security, especially family food. This research was conducted in several villages in five districts of Malang, namely Klojen, Suku, Lowokwaru, Blimbing, and Kedungkandang. The research method used in this paper is qualitative descriptive, with primary data collection techniques conducted by interviews and field observations. While secondary data collection is done by library and documentation techniques. Through the research conducted, the results show that this urban farming program has an influence on several points regarding food security contained in Law number 18 of 2012 including availability, quality, and affordability. Besides that, there are also locations that are less able to develop urban farming programs effectively, due to several obstacles encountered in implementing the program. 

scholarly journals The Linkage between Institutional Changes and Food Security in Mtwara Region, Tanzania

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Robert N. Shole ◽  
Kim A. Kayunze
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Institutional Changes ◽  
Direct Relation ◽  
Household Level ◽  
The Government ◽  
Moral Attitudes

This study focuses on the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. Institutional changes in terms of increase numbers of financial, commercial, hospitalizes, education, infrastructures and improved moral and altitudes of farmers have a direct relation with food availability and accessibility. Both formal and informal institutions have potentials to help improvement of food availability and accessibility. However, despite institutions dealing with food security having changed in Mtwara, food security is low. The fundamental question is which one among these institutions, has high impact on food security.This study sought to determine the linkage between institutional changes and food security in Mtwara region. The specific objectives of the study were to identify institutions existing and their functions at household level, analyze various sources of food grains and states of food security at the household level in Mtwara region, and assess the linkages between institutional changes and food security. Structured questionnaire, Focus Group Discussion and Oral interview had been useful for collecting primary information in which the best recorded interviewees were analyzed supplemented by documentaries (text and photography). Findings revealed that financial institutions and education have high impact on food security in the study area. Generally, this study concluded that banks, SACCOS, traditions (moral, attitudes, beliefs), and roadshave slightly difference effect on food security. Since 2010these institutions had been increased and improved and have a direct relation with food security.It is recommended that the, government and other stakeholders should create true transformation in rural people to provide them decent jobs, good living conditions, and different opportunities in order to maintain youth to stay in rural area for maximizing the food production. Further studies should be done on the factors influencing people to stay in rural areas in which agricultural activities are being done.  

scholarly journals Analysing Challenges and Strategies in Land Productivity in Sikkim Himalaya, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 11112
Author(s):  
Prabuddh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Aman Rai ◽  
Kamal Abdelrahman ◽  
Suresh Chand Rai ◽  
Anuj Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Community Involvement ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Sikkim Himalaya ◽  
The Government

Agriculture is the major source of livelihood in rural areas and is considered the backbone of the Indian economy. In Sikkim, agriculture is being practiced by 80% of the rural population, and having no other major livelihood options has created immense pressure on the farmers and agricultural land. Agriculture sector is under great stress as the farmers are being confronted by various challenges in Sikkim Himalaya in recent years, such as land degradation, climate change and socio-economic problems. Despite the number of indigenous agriculture management methods being practised in Sikkim Himalaya, the agricultural production system is weakening. In this context, this paper presents an analysis of challenges faced by indigenous communities, local farmers and potential sustainable strategies for their management in Rani Khola watershed of Sikkim Himalaya. Data and information were collected by field observation, questionnaire surveys of 300 households, key informant interviews and focus group discussions conducted during 2017–18. Data processing and analysis were carried out with a combination of techniques, such as the application of remote sensing (RS), geographic information system (GIS)-based data processing and descriptive statistics. Major challenges identified in the watershed are water scarcity (80%), climate change (88%), soil erosion and runoff (72%), higher investment cost (100%), lack of irrigation facilities (77%), fragmentation and size of landholdings (100), human–wildlife conflict (59%) and pests and disease (60%). Some possibilities and innovations that could address these problems are the use and retaining of various indigenous soil and water conservation (SWC) measures, diversified farming systems, community involvement in the government development process, better irrigation facilities, strengthening the local economy, coordinated planning between stakeholders and development of market feedback mechanism within the system.

Mexico City. The marginal communities: social and ethnic segregation of the native population

TERRITORIO ◽  
2011 ◽  
pp. 31-44
Author(s):  
Emanuela Saporito
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Indigenous Population ◽  
Exclusion Process ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Cultural Bias ◽  
Ethnic Segregation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Urban Marginality ◽  
The City

The article focuses on persistent ethnic and social problems in Mexico City's indigenous communities. While the city is considered one of the most ethnically mixed and cosmopolitan in the world, its indigenous communities are marginalised and suffer the consequences of a discrimination and exclusion process that began during the colonial period. It can actually be said that because of ingrained cultural bias and conditions of extreme poverty, Mexico City's indigenous population lives in a situation of ‘urban marginality' (Wacquant, 2008). The first part describes the historical roots of these ethnic minorities and describes the migration from rural areas to the metropolis. The second part explores the question of marginality, analysing data for the labour market, education and accessibility to services urban indigenous communities, with the aim of understanding whether an integration process has been triggered in recent decades. The third part examines how the government and other institutions are dealing with this problem and proposals for integration policies.

scholarly journals What's missing from ‘What's missing’? A reply to C. Cramer and N. Pontara, ‘Rural poverty and poverty alleviation in Mozambique: what's missing from the debate?’

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-709 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anne Pitcher
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Government ◽  
Private Investors ◽  
Democratic Elections

Mozambique has undergone some dramatic changes in recent years. The government concluded a 17-year-old civil war in 1992 and held democratic elections in 1994. Following the adoption of structural adjustment policies after 1987, the government eliminated subsidies on food and consumer items, pledged its support for emerging markets, and has now sold most state companies to private investors. These changes have generated much interest among researchers and policymakers, particularly with regard to their impact on the countryside, where the majority of Mozambicans live and work. Recent studies have focused on the most appropriate rural development strategy for Mozambique now that the war has ended, or examined ways to alleviate the widespread poverty that still exists in rural areas. Other work has analysed the structure of agrarian relations or how to ensure food security. Additional research has criticised the government's on-going policy of encouraging and granting land concessions to private investors. It claims that the policy lacks transparency and fails to consider the rights of local communities.

scholarly journals An Empirical Diagnosis of the School-to-Work Process for Rural and Agricultural Development in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 778
Author(s):  
Jiangsheng Chen ◽  
Gideon Bolt ◽  
Yiwen Wang ◽  
Xiaoli Feng ◽  
Xuke Li
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
School To Work ◽  
University Graduates ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Work Process ◽  
The Government

Rural areas in China struggle with a scarcity of young farmers and the rapid aging of farming labor. Attracting and retaining university graduates in rural areas is key to achieving the goals of The Rural Revitalization Strategy of the government, which ultimately seeks to guarantee sustainable agriculture and food security in China. This study examines whether the school-to-work process in China is beneficially aligned to these goals. Survey data were collected from graduates in June 2016, and logistic models were generated to identify the probabilities of, and explore the influences on, school-to-rural outcomes. The findings reveal that most graduates who relocate to rural areas are more likely directed there from urban areas. Graduates with rural backgrounds are more likely to become rural successors than graduates with urban backgrounds. The phenomenon of children taking up the occupation of a parent is observed among those with agricultural degrees and rural backgrounds, which will facilitate the school-to-work process and improve agricultural production. In order to achieve a mix of family farms, large-scale farmlands, and educated farmers to improve food security and sustainable agriculture, the following key considerations for agricultural policy in China are proposed: provide adequate incentives, remove obstacles, and streamline the process of school-to-farming.

scholarly journals UME KBUBU SEBAGAI WUJUD KEARIFAN LOKAL MASYARAKAT BOTI DALAM MENJAGA KETAHANAN PANGAN DAN BENCANA

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iswanto Iswanto
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Staple Food ◽  
Food Crisis ◽  
Cultural Aspects ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Government

Local wisdom defined as the ability of a community to adapt to, organize, and manage the environment and culture that affects their lives. The research conducted in the Boti community of East Nusa Tenggara Province aims to describe and understand ume kbubu as a form of local wisdom of the Boti community in maintaining food security and protecting them from disasters. The method used in this study was a qualitative method with a phenomenological approach. The characteristics of this research data are classified as sensitive research data; therefore, it takes a long time to obtain. Observation and interviews were data collection techniques used in this research. The result indicated that the structure of ume kbubu shows the local wisdom of the Boti community in adapting to the environment and influencing the scattered settlement structures. In addition, the function and symbolization of ume kbubu are closely related to the local wisdom of the community in storing and managing staple food (corn), which is the strength of the Boti community in facing the food crisis. The settlement structure of the Boti community, supported by strict customary rules, becomes a barrier in social interaction that can protect the community from disasters, such as infectious diseases. The local wisdom of the Boti community is likely to be an input for the government to study various cultural aspects to deal with disasters.

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