scholarly journals Breakthroughs and Issues in HPV Genital Infections in relation to Cervical Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Farhat Hussain ◽  
Khairun Nahar ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Mahbuba Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Neoplastic Process

The field of cervical cancer prevention is rapidly evolving because of identification of the cause of disease. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the association applies equally to both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma and is consistent worldwide. HPV 16 and 18 together attribute 70% of world's cervical cancer. HPV is highly prevalent among sexually active women and traceable in its natural history with technology that can detect HPV DMA at all stages of infection and neoplastic process. HPV DMA testing represents the scientifically obvious next step after Pap test for secondary prevention. A clinically validated and FDA approved HPV test has proven a substantial gain in sensitivity with a limited loss in speciality as compared to the standard Pap smear. We are now in the fortunate position of having two highly promising HPV vaccines in the pipeline. These vaccines today represent new hope for protection against cervical cancer, pre-cancerous cervical lesions and other HPV related condition for the current generation of adolescents, for the young and middle aged women as well as for the future generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12163 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.27-30

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

HPV test self collection versus CO-testing (2015-2018): New experience in a screening program in a northern province of Argentina, Tucumán.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13063-e13063
Author(s):  
Juan Jose Zarba ◽  
Silvia Victoria Holgado ◽  
Conrado Oscar Cinto ◽  
Veronica Ali ◽  
Maria Fernanda Arrieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Uterine Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Hpv Test

e13063 Background: The benefits of population screening under the program in women at risk of uterine cervical cancer both methodsof detection, the search of lesions by gynecological cytology or the search for infection by oncogenic virus of the VPH family is widely demonstrated. Each of them has considerations to favor and others against. In Tucuman the two are applied since December 2014. Objective:to analyze partial results of the first stage of application of two methods under population screening program in women at risk of cervical cancer in Tucumán, Argentina. Methods: We analized the period December 2014 December 2018 of the files of the national register (SITAM: Sistema de Información de tamizaje- It is an on-line information system that allows the nominalized registration of women who access studies, diagnoses and treatments for the prevention of cervical cancer).49337samples from non-pregnant, aged 30 and older women without health insurance were included. 2 collection methods were applied: "Co-testing" (CT), cytological for PAP test and biological sampling for HPV Test ((T-HPV) and "Self-collected sampling" (SC) biological material for T-HPV. In cytology, Pap smear were stained with Papanicolaou and for the biological material, T-HPV Hybrid Capture was applied to detect 13 oncogenic HPV types. Bethesda System was used for cytological diagnosis. Results: until 2019 January, 49337 samples were processed, 7352 (14,8%) womenhave HPV oncogenic. Conclusions: the application of T-HPV to SC samples showed a interesting positivity,demonstrating once again T-HPV is an important strategy in the cervical cáncer prevention program.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals Immunological study of cervical biopsy specimen for human papiloma virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Surya Prabha V ◽  
Kanaka Bushanam GVVS ◽  
Sakuntaladevi G ◽  
Dharani Priya B
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Visakhapatnam District

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and its rates are higher in low and middle income countries. India is one not exemplified from the developing countries. Aims: The main aim of the present work is a preliminary prospective screening study to observe the incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) virus in the specimens of cervical biopsy taken from the patients of gynecology department of Visakha Steel General Hospital, RINL, Visakhapatnam district. Screening procedures like Pap smear, Colposcopy Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were done to identify the prevalence of HPV. It is an effort to assess and also improving the quality of cervical cancer prevention and treatment services in Visakhapatnam district of North coastal Andhra Pradesh. Settings and design: This prospective study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Visakha Steel General Hospital, RINL, Visakhapatnam district from January 2010 to December 2010. Materials and methods: The Pap test and colposcopic examination were conducted on 161 patients and IHC was done on 24 cervical biopsy patients. Results: The 87.58% of women was observed with abnormal Pap smear among that the severe dysplasia is around 10%. The abnormal cervix was seen by colposcopy is 89.44%. The 24 squamous metaplasia cases were subjected to IHC and 8 cases were found to be positive. Conclusion: Pap smear, colposcopy along with cervical biopsy for HPV can provide enough information for an accurate diagnosis of cervical cancer and also from the future course of action for the treatment of the patients.

scholarly journals Genetic Screening of Cervical Cancer

OBM Genetics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 05 (03) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Ciro Comparetto ◽  
◽  
Franco Borruto ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Prevention Programs ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Pap Smear Screening ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Screening And Prevention

Medical genetics plays an important role in the screening and prevention of numerous diseases. Thus, it is important to develop effective screening and prevention programs and improve the assessment of the susceptibility of diseases. The development of screening and prevention programs depends on the identification of early biomarkers (including functional and behavioral) for the risk and onset of the disease, and such programs need to be designed according to internationally accepted criteria. Cervical cancer represents a very relevant disease from the health and social perspective; around 528,000 new cases are diagnosed every year globally, of which, 85% are from developing countries, representing almost 12% of all cancers in females. Substantial reductions in the incidence of and mortality from cervical cancer have been observed after the introduction of prevention campaigns with the implementation of cervical screening programs through Papanicolaou (Pap) tests and, in particular, following the introduction of organized programs which guarantee a high level of screening coverage, as well as, the quality and continuity of diagnostic-therapeutic procedures. It is estimated that Pap smear screening every 3-5 years provides 80% protection against the onset of cancer. Advances in diagnostic techniques, particularly the development of easy-to-use molecular genetic tests, are replacing the use of the established Pap smear as a screening tool. This is possible owing to the discovery in 1975 that some cellular morphological changes (koilocytosis) were related to the presence of a Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection. The HPV test is performed on a small sample of cells taken from the cervix, similar to the Pap test; however, it is not a morphological exam but a molecular biology exam that detects the presence of HPV by identifying its deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA). The results of numerous experimental studies have demonstrated a greater sensitivity of this test compared to the sensitivity of the traditional Pap test. However, the HPV test has a lower specificity due to two main factors: 1) The HPV test is based on the search for the types of viruses that have a greater oncogenic potential, and 2) It does not discriminate between transient infections and persistent and productive infections. The most widely used molecular tests are based on the search for HPV sequences and genotyping using molecular biology techniques, such as direct hybridization, qualitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and viral nucleotide sequencing.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of colposcopy, cytology and histopathology for diagnosis of cervical lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3584
Author(s):  
Rashmi Saxena ◽  
Alpana Agrawal ◽  
Neelima Agarwal ◽  
Manisha Gupta ◽  
Divya Shubham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Chief Complaints

Background: Cervical cancer is the fourth most frequent cancer globally in women with an estimated 570,000 new cases and 311,000 deaths in 2018 representing 6.6% of all female cancers. To correlate the cytology, colposcopy and histopathology of cervical lesions in patients attending gynaecology OPD in a tertiary care centre, Ghaziabad.Methods: 208 women were enrolled from Gynaecology OPD of Santosh Medical College and Hospital, Ghaziabad, irrespective of their chief complaints. Women aged 19-80 years were included in the study group. Those with pregnancy and already diagnosed or treated with CIN, Cervical cancer or Cervical HPV infection were excluded from the study. PAP-smear was taken for all the patients followed by colposcopy without waiting for PAP-smear report. Cervical biopsy was taken from patients with abnormal colposcopic findings (90 patients).Results: Majority of women were in age group 30-39 years. 37.5% had unhealthy, 21.6% had hypertrophied cervix and only 9.1% had normal cervix. It was found that PAP -smear has a sensitivity of 33.33%, specificity of 92.59%, accuracy of 68.89%, positive predictive value of 75% and negative predictive value of 67.57%. Test parameters calculated for colposcopy revealed that it has sensitivity of 73.33%, specificity of 92%, PPV of 64.7%, NPV of 94.52% and accuracy of 88.89%.Conclusions: The results from the current study conclude that it is better to use cytology and colposcopy together as part of routine screening for cervical cancer rather than pap smear alone in order to detect maximum number of lesions.

scholarly journals Prevention of carcinoma cervix in Bangladesh perspective

Mediscope ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-39
Author(s):  
L Noor ◽  
MA Gafur ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
I Ara
Keyword(s):  
Pap Smear ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Carcinoma Cervix ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Hpv Test

Carcinoma cervix is a preventable disease. Etiological factor is known that is human papilloma virus (HPV). Two types of vaccines are available. Cervix is easily accessible allowing screening tests possible. Screening is simple and available. The disease has long premalignant phase that can be detected by screening. Although Pap smear is the gold standard method of screening, visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) particularly single-visit approach, can be an appropriate alternative in Bangladesh considering our available health care facilities. If abnormal screening results (Pap test,VIA, HPV test), colposcopy and guided biopsy can be taken. Colposcopy can detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and early invasive carcinoma. Treatment in pre-invasive and early invasive carcinoma is found to be curative.Mediscope Vol. 3, No. 1: January 2016, Pages 33-39

CORRELATION OF BIOPSY AND AgNOR COUNTS IN PREMALIGNANT AND MALIGNANT LESIONS OF CERVIX

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-69
Author(s):  
Suman Jagyasi ◽  
Sudha Iyengar ◽  
Amit Niranjan ◽  
K.S. Mangal
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Nucleolar Organizer Regions ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Agnor Count ◽  
Diagnostic Role ◽  
Well Differentiated

Background- Cervical cancer is the commonest cancer among women in developing countries. Screening methods like cervical cytology has brought down the incidence of cervical cancer. AgNOR represents Nucleolar organizer regions stained with silver and are related to cell proliferation rate and tumor malignant potential. The present study was aimed at evaluating the diagnostic role of AgNOR in cervical carcinogenesis. Material and Methods- The present study was conducted in the Pathology department of Gajra Raja Medical College, Gwalior from January 2019 to May 2020 on 500 patients who attended the Gynae OPD. Women of suspected cervical pathology and who underwent Pap smear test followed by subsequent biopsies were included. Results- AgNOR count in chronic cervicitis was 2.72±0.32, in CIN I was 4.02±0.38, in CIN II was 5.47±0.21 in CIN III was 5.59±0.18, in Well differentiated KSCC was 6.48±0.40 and in adenocarcinoma was 6.93±0.21. The study showed that the mean AgNOR count per nucleus was signicantly higher in CIN and malignant cervical lesions. Conclusion- AgNOR count is reproducible, simple, efcient and inexpensive method which can be used as an adjunct to histopathology and cytology especially in differentiating doubtful cases of CIN.

scholarly journals Women’s knowledge, awareness and prevention of cervical cancer and infection from HPV in Greece

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Giota ◽  
KS Kitsou ◽  
M Bakola ◽  
P Kallianezos ◽  
G Charalambous ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
University Education ◽  
Papanicolaou Test ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
And Behaviors

Abstract Background Cervical cancer prevention can be obtained by regular screening with Papanicolaou test. However, in recent years HPV DNA test and mRNA HPV test are available for the screening for cervical cancer. The HPV vaccine helps protect against HPV- related cancers. Our aim was to investigate the beliefs and knowledge of women living in a city in northwestern Thessaly, Greece, regarding the prevention of cervical cancer. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 119 women, 18-65 years old and living in Trikala, Greece. They completed a 45-item self-administered questionnaire, investigating their knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors regarding the prevention of cervical cancer, the infection with HPV, the Papanicolaou test and vaccination. Furthermore, associations between knowledge and behaviors as well as with various demographic factors were explored. Results Most of the women had at least university education (77%). More than 90% declared to visit an obstetrician-gynecologist at least once a year and 68.4% regularly have a Pap smear once a year. 95.8% were aware of the importance of a Pap smear and 82% declared a positive attitude regarding HPV vaccination. Higher knowledge regarding examination and vaccination, was associated with marital status (married) (p = 0.002) and educational level (higher educational level) (p = 0.001). Conclusions The majority of women in our sample know why they should do the Pap test; however, they need to be further informed with additional details about the diagnostic test. Although most of the women were aware about the importance of testing, one third of them were not regularly tested for cervical cancer detection or had lacked knowledge about vaccination. Key messages A high percentage of women is aware about the benefits of cervical cancer screening. However, information campaigns and establishment of national screening programs are required to facilitate the access to such programs for all women.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Cytology and Histopathology of Cervical Lesion in VIA Positive Patients in Mymensingh

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Nazma Parvin Ansari ◽  
AJE Nahar Rahman ◽  
AFM Saleh ◽  
SM Shahida
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cervical Lesion ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Gynecology And Obstetrics

Cervical cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer and leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. More than eighty eight percent deaths from cervical cancer occur in developing countries and by 2030, it will be at least ninety eight percent. In developed countries, the cases and deaths have declined markedly due to their extensive screening programs. The present study was undertaken to assess precancerous and cancerous cervical lesion by cytology and their comparison with histopathology in VIA positive cases. This descriptive, cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, during the period of July 2012 to June 2013. Study was carried out among 160 VIA positive patients and selected by non-random judgment sampling from the colposcopy clinic. Histological findings revealed that the most common age group affected by different types of cervical lesions is 30 – 39 years. It also revealed that squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was very much common in age group 40-49 years. The statistical value of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear cytology test and histopathology yielded some important directives. The sensitivity values of Pap smear cytology was found 87.50%. The accuracy of the Pap smears in this study was 88.13%. The present study show significant relationship between cytological test with histopathological diagnosis. However cytology testing is not suitable as a single test. In conclusion, it can be stated that combination of cytology (Pap smear) and histopathology would ultimately be more useful. CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 35-40

scholarly journals A Deep Learning Ensemble Method to Assist Cytopathologists in Pap Test Image Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Débora N. Diniz ◽  
Mariana T. Rezende ◽  
Andrea G. C. Bianchi ◽  
Claudia M. Carneiro ◽  
Eduardo J. S. Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years, deep learning methods have outperformed previous state-of-the-art machine learning techniques for several problems, including image classification. Classifying cells in Pap smear images is very challenging, and it is still of paramount importance for cytopathologists. The Pap test is a cervical cancer prevention test that tracks preneoplastic changes in cervical epithelial cells. Carrying out this exam is important in that early detection. It is directly related to a greater chance of curing or reducing the number of deaths caused by the disease. The analysis of Pap smears is exhaustive and repetitive, as it is performed manually by cytopathologists. Therefore, a tool that assists cytopathologists is needed. This work considers 10 deep convolutional neural networks and proposes an ensemble of the three best architectures to classify cervical cancer upon cell nuclei and reduce the professionals’ workload. The dataset used in the experiments is available in the Center for Recognition and Inspection of Cells (CRIC) Searchable Image Database. Considering the metrics of precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and sensitivity, the proposed ensemble improves previous methods shown in the literature for two- and three-class classification. We also introduce the six-class classification outcome.

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