scholarly journals A Deep Learning Ensemble Method to Assist Cytopathologists in Pap Test Image Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Débora N. Diniz ◽  
Mariana T. Rezende ◽  
Andrea G. C. Bianchi ◽  
Claudia M. Carneiro ◽  
Eduardo J. S. Luz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Image Classification ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Deep Convolutional Neural Networks

In recent years, deep learning methods have outperformed previous state-of-the-art machine learning techniques for several problems, including image classification. Classifying cells in Pap smear images is very challenging, and it is still of paramount importance for cytopathologists. The Pap test is a cervical cancer prevention test that tracks preneoplastic changes in cervical epithelial cells. Carrying out this exam is important in that early detection. It is directly related to a greater chance of curing or reducing the number of deaths caused by the disease. The analysis of Pap smears is exhaustive and repetitive, as it is performed manually by cytopathologists. Therefore, a tool that assists cytopathologists is needed. This work considers 10 deep convolutional neural networks and proposes an ensemble of the three best architectures to classify cervical cancer upon cell nuclei and reduce the professionals’ workload. The dataset used in the experiments is available in the Center for Recognition and Inspection of Cells (CRIC) Searchable Image Database. Considering the metrics of precision, recall, F1-score, accuracy, and sensitivity, the proposed ensemble improves previous methods shown in the literature for two- and three-class classification. We also introduce the six-class classification outcome.

scholarly journals Breakthroughs and Issues in HPV Genital Infections in relation to Cervical Cancer

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Farhat Hussain ◽  
Khairun Nahar ◽  
Kaniz Fatema ◽  
Mahbuba Khan
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Related Condition ◽  
Papilloma Virus ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Neoplastic Process

The field of cervical cancer prevention is rapidly evolving because of identification of the cause of disease. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been recognized as a necessary cause of cervical cancer, and the association applies equally to both squamous cell and adenocarcinoma and is consistent worldwide. HPV 16 and 18 together attribute 70% of world's cervical cancer. HPV is highly prevalent among sexually active women and traceable in its natural history with technology that can detect HPV DMA at all stages of infection and neoplastic process. HPV DMA testing represents the scientifically obvious next step after Pap test for secondary prevention. A clinically validated and FDA approved HPV test has proven a substantial gain in sensitivity with a limited loss in speciality as compared to the standard Pap smear. We are now in the fortunate position of having two highly promising HPV vaccines in the pipeline. These vaccines today represent new hope for protection against cervical cancer, pre-cancerous cervical lesions and other HPV related condition for the current generation of adolescents, for the young and middle aged women as well as for the future generations. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v1i2.12163 Journal of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Vol.1, No.2, December 2009 p.27-30

Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers regarding cervical cancer and its screening using Pap smear, in rural women of Ba, Lautoka and Nadi, Fiji.

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swaran Naidu ◽  
Gillian Heller ◽  
George Qalomaiwasa ◽  
Sheetal Naidu ◽  
Rajat Gyaneshwar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

<p><strong>Background</strong>: Fiji has a high rate of cervical cancer, which is the second most common cause of cancer deaths in women in the country. Less than 10% of women are screened for cervical cancer in Fiji.In this paper we report the result of a study on Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Barriers (KAPB) to cervical cancer and its screening with Pap smears, conducted on 1505 rural women in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Objectives:</strong> To assess the knowledge, attitudes, practice and barriers to cervical cancer and it’s screening with Pap smears in rural women of Ba, Lautoka and Nadi, in Fiji.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: Structured questionnaires were administered to women presenting to a rural outreach Reproductive Health education and clinics, by trained health educators to ascertain their Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice and Barriers to cervical cancer and its screening with Pap smears.</p><p><strong>Results</strong>: Seventy two percent of rural women had no knowledge of cervical cancer and 80% had no knowledge of the risk factors of cervical cancer. Lack of knowledge was significantly different for age groups (p=0.006), education levels and employment status(p&lt;0.001) and ethnicity  (p=0.022). Those groups with lowest knowledge were teenagers (18 to 19 years); those with less education; and iTaukei respondents. Of the respondents who had at least some knowledge of the Pap smear, 75% had had a Pap test. Of those who had no knowledge of the Pap smear, only 45% had had the test (p&lt;0.001). Of those who did not have a Pap smear the commonest barrier was lack of knowledge at 46.3% and fear of procedure was 29.4%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: More education is required to acquaint women in rural Fiji about cervical cancer, its associated risk factors as well as the benefits of cervical cancer screening programs and other prevention strategies. </p>

scholarly journals Immunological study of cervical biopsy specimen for human papiloma virus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-148
Author(s):  
Surya Prabha V ◽  
Kanaka Bushanam GVVS ◽  
Sakuntaladevi G ◽  
Dharani Priya B
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Severe Dysplasia ◽  
Immunological Study ◽  
Cervical Biopsy ◽  
Visakhapatnam District

Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide and its rates are higher in low and middle income countries. India is one not exemplified from the developing countries. Aims: The main aim of the present work is a preliminary prospective screening study to observe the incidence of human papilloma virus (HPV) virus in the specimens of cervical biopsy taken from the patients of gynecology department of Visakha Steel General Hospital, RINL, Visakhapatnam district. Screening procedures like Pap smear, Colposcopy Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were done to identify the prevalence of HPV. It is an effort to assess and also improving the quality of cervical cancer prevention and treatment services in Visakhapatnam district of North coastal Andhra Pradesh. Settings and design: This prospective study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology, Visakha Steel General Hospital, RINL, Visakhapatnam district from January 2010 to December 2010. Materials and methods: The Pap test and colposcopic examination were conducted on 161 patients and IHC was done on 24 cervical biopsy patients. Results: The 87.58% of women was observed with abnormal Pap smear among that the severe dysplasia is around 10%. The abnormal cervix was seen by colposcopy is 89.44%. The 24 squamous metaplasia cases were subjected to IHC and 8 cases were found to be positive. Conclusion: Pap smear, colposcopy along with cervical biopsy for HPV can provide enough information for an accurate diagnosis of cervical cancer and also from the future course of action for the treatment of the patients.

STUDY AND ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL PAP SMEARS IN A MEDICAL COLLEGE HOSPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 31-33
Author(s):  
S. Preetika ◽  
Sahayaraj Sahayaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Pap Smear Screening

Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common gynaecological cancer worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the less developed countries. Cervical cancer may be prevented or diagnosed at early stages due to the easy accessibility and clinical evaluation of the cervix. A pap test is a simple, easy, painless procedure which can be carried out as an outpatient procedure to detect specic, nonspecic inammations, precancerous and cancerous lesions In our study we have analysed the results of PAP smears of women in all age groups and have tried to evaluate the prevalence of cervical lesions and the importance of cervical cancer screening. Material And Methods: Our study was conducted between October 2020 to JULY 2021 and patients who have visited the Gynaec OP during this period were included for this study. We received Pap smears from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, stained the slides with Pap stain and studied the smears according to the new Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology 2014. Results: In our study, majority of the patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Smears showing ASCUS were 14 , LSIL reports were 5, HSIL reports were 4. No Smears showed squamous cell carcinoma in our study. Reports in our study like many other studies has shown the importance of Pap smear test in screening cervical cancer. By conducting health camps, increasing health awareness and performing Pap smear screening programmes the incidence of cervical carcinoma can be decreased.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK WANITA USIA SUBUR DENGAN TINDAKAN PENCEGAHAN KANKER SERVIKS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Supatmi Supatmi
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

AbstractBackground:  The awareness of Indonesian women to carry out early detection of cervical cancer on a regular basis have been still low. Cervical cancer can be prevented and cured by taking early detection measures because it has a long preinfassive phase. Cervical cancer prevention measures are influenced by several factors including age, education level, occupation and parity, Aims:   analyze the characteristics of women of childbearing age with cervical cancer prevention measures (HPV, IVA and Pap smear immunization) Methods: Quantitative analytic research design with cross sectional approach. The population was 193 women of fertile age in RW 9 Kelurahan Kapasan Surabaya with n Cluster Samples, the sample was 130 WUS. The research instrument used a characteristic questionnaire and cervical cancer prevention measures with a Dichotomy Question. The research variables were WUS cataristic and cervical cancer prevention behavior. Analysis with Chi-Square with a significance level of 0.05Results:  There was a relationship between age and HPV immunization (p = 0.066) and pap smear (p = 0.058), IVA action had not relationship (p = 0.770), education was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.346). IVA (0.005) was not related to pap smears = 0.603) Occupation was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.280), IVA (p = 0.000) and pap smears (p = 0.216), parity was related to HPV immunization (p = 0.003) ) and Pap smear (p = 0.117) meanwhile parity had not relationship with IVA (p = 0.839). Studying the characteristics of WUS is a first step to increase preventive efforts for cervical cancer both primary and secondary prevention   Keyword:  Characteristics of WUS, Prevention, Cervical Cancer

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of cervical cancer prevention and pap smears in two low-income communities in Lima, Peru

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas T. Miles ◽  
Amy R. Riley-Powell ◽  
Gwenyth O. Lee ◽  
Esther E. Gotlieb ◽  
Gabriela C. Barth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hpv Infection ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Infection Prevalence ◽  
Pap Smears ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background Cervical cancer is a leading cause of death among Peruvian women. Barriers at multiple levels impact effective screening and treatment, including a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer and how regular screening can reduce morbidity and mortality through earlier detection. The aim of this study is to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and its prevention in the peri-urban communities of Oasis and Pampas in southern Lima, Peru that can be used to inform future campaigns about cervical cancer prevention. Methods A cross-sectional survey that included several open-ended questions was administered to women in Pampas and Oasis between 2015 and 2016 to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding cervical cancer and Pap smears. Results In total, 224 women were interviewed. Knowledge about cervical cancer and Pap smears was high, and attitudes were predominantly positive among most participants. Most participants knew how often they should get Pap smears (89.7%), when to begin seeking screening (74.6%), knew the price of a Pap smear (61.9%), and felt Pap smears were important for their health (70.1%). About one third (29.5%) of premenopausal women reported receiving a Pap smear in the last year. However, open ended questions revealed some knowledge gaps around Pap smears, as well as some stigma associated to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection. Conclusion Although knowledge of cervical cancer prevention was generally high and perceptions were positive among women in peri-urban Peruvian communities, our findings revealed there is a need for education on HPV infection prevalence among sexually active individuals to reduce stigma. Future research should focus on exploring experiences with follow-up and treatment associated with abnormal Pap smears, as well as perspectives from health authorities and professionals about barriers in the early detection and treatment process for cervical cancer.

HPV test self collection versus CO-testing (2015-2018): New experience in a screening program in a northern province of Argentina, Tucumán.

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13063-e13063
Author(s):  
Juan Jose Zarba ◽  
Silvia Victoria Holgado ◽  
Conrado Oscar Cinto ◽  
Veronica Ali ◽  
Maria Fernanda Arrieta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Pap Test ◽  
Uterine Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cervical Cancer Prevention ◽  
Population Screening ◽  
Hpv Test

e13063 Background: The benefits of population screening under the program in women at risk of uterine cervical cancer both methodsof detection, the search of lesions by gynecological cytology or the search for infection by oncogenic virus of the VPH family is widely demonstrated. Each of them has considerations to favor and others against. In Tucuman the two are applied since December 2014. Objective:to analyze partial results of the first stage of application of two methods under population screening program in women at risk of cervical cancer in Tucumán, Argentina. Methods: We analized the period December 2014 December 2018 of the files of the national register (SITAM: Sistema de Información de tamizaje- It is an on-line information system that allows the nominalized registration of women who access studies, diagnoses and treatments for the prevention of cervical cancer).49337samples from non-pregnant, aged 30 and older women without health insurance were included. 2 collection methods were applied: "Co-testing" (CT), cytological for PAP test and biological sampling for HPV Test ((T-HPV) and "Self-collected sampling" (SC) biological material for T-HPV. In cytology, Pap smear were stained with Papanicolaou and for the biological material, T-HPV Hybrid Capture was applied to detect 13 oncogenic HPV types. Bethesda System was used for cytological diagnosis. Results: until 2019 January, 49337 samples were processed, 7352 (14,8%) womenhave HPV oncogenic. Conclusions: the application of T-HPV to SC samples showed a interesting positivity,demonstrating once again T-HPV is an important strategy in the cervical cáncer prevention program.[Table: see text]

scholarly journals A Hierarchical Feature-Based Methodology to Perform Cervical Cancer Classification

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 4091
Author(s):  
Débora N. Diniz ◽  
Mariana T. Rezende ◽  
Andrea G. C. Bianchi ◽  
Claudia M. Carneiro ◽  
Daniela M. Ushizima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Hierarchical Classification ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Pap Smear Test ◽  
Microscopy Image ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Cervical Cells ◽  
Number Of Classes

Prevention of cervical cancer could be performed using Pap smear image analysis. This test screens pre-neoplastic changes in the cervical epithelial cells; accurate screening can reduce deaths caused by the disease. Pap smear test analysis is exhaustive and repetitive work performed visually by a cytopathologist. This article proposes a workload-reducing algorithm for cervical cancer detection based on analysis of cell nuclei features within Pap smear images. We investigate eight traditional machine learning methods to perform a hierarchical classification. We propose a hierarchical classification methodology for computer-aided screening of cell lesions, which can recommend fields of view from the microscopy image based on the nuclei detection of cervical cells. We evaluate the performance of several algorithms against the Herlev and CRIC databases, using a varying number of classes during image classification. Results indicate that the hierarchical classification performed best when using Random Forest as the key classifier, particularly when compared with decision trees, k-NN, and the Ridge methods.

Automated Cell Nuclei Segmentation on Cervical Smear Images Using Structure Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 105-115
Author(s):  
Wan Azani Mustafa ◽  
Low Zhe Wei ◽  
Khairul Shakir Ab Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Structural Element ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Nuclei Segmentation ◽  
Common Cancer ◽  
Early Century

Cervical cancer is a common cancer that affects women around the world, and it is also the most common cancer in the developing countries. The cancer burden has increased due to several factors, such as population growth and ageing. In the early century, the systematization of cervical cancer cells takes some time to process manually, and the result that comes out is also inaccurate. This article presents a new nucleus segmentation on pap smear cell images based on structured analysis or morphological approach. Morphology is a broad set of image processing operations that process images based on shape, size and structure. This operation applies a structural element of the image to create an output image of the same size. The most basic of these operations are dilation and erosion. The results of the numerical analysis indicate that the proposed method achieved about 94.38% (sensitivity), 82.56% (specificity) and 93% (accuracy). Also, the resulting performance was compared to a few existing techniques such as Bradley Method, Nick Method and Sauvola Method. The results presented here may facilitate improvements in the detection method of the pap smear cell image to resolve the time-consuming issue and support better system performance to prevent low precision result of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) stages. The main impact of this paper is will help the doctor to identify the patient disease based on Pap smear analysis such as cervical cancer and increase the percentages of accuracy compared to the conventional method. Successful implementation of the nucleus detection techniques on Pap smear image can become a standard technique for the diagnosis of various microbiological infections such as Malaria and Tuberculosis.

An Extensive Review on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Based Cervical Cancer Diagnosis and Classification Models

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 5438-5446
Author(s):  
C. Suguna ◽  
S. P. Balamurugan
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Cancer Diagnosis ◽  
Pap Smear ◽  
Classification Models ◽  
Extensive Review ◽  
Diagnosis And Classification ◽  
Automated Machine Learning

Cervical cancer is a commonly occurring deadliest disease among women, which needs earlier diagnosis to reduce the prevalence. Pap-smear is considered as a widely employed technique to screen and diagnose cervical cancer. Since classical manual screening techniques are inefficient in the identification of cervical cancer, several research works have been started to develop automated machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) tools for cervical cancer diagnosis. This paper surveys the recent works made on cervical cancer diagnosis and classification. The recently presently ML and DL models for cervical cancer diagnosis and classification has been reviewed in detail. Besides, segmentation techniques developed for cervical cancer diagnosis also surveyed. At the end of the survey, a brief comparative study has been carried out to identify the significance of the reviewed methods.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document