Attitudes towards smokefree high streets: a survey of local shoppers in a northern UK town

2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Gilly Brenner ◽  
Kaye Mann ◽  
Diane Lee ◽  
Julia Burrows ◽  
Scott Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Areas

Objective: As a local authority we wanted to practically determine the perception of the public to smokefree zones in shopping high streets and other local outdoor public places. Methods: A survey was carried out by students on a convenience sample of shoppers on a single busy market day in Barnsley. Results: In all, 142 responses were collected; 28% were smokers and 15% e-cigarette users. The majority (69%) of respondents were not against smokefree high streets, including 68% of smokers; 69% of respondents (including 61% of smokers) were not against all public areas becoming smokefree; 70% of respondents (including 63% of smokers) were not against outdoor seating areas, such as those outside pubs and cafés becoming smokefree. There was a marginal preference that smokefree outdoor zones should be voluntary (42%) rather than enforced (39%). Most respondents believed that people smoking around children was influential in determining whether those children go on to take up smoking when they get older. Most smokers (92%) said they already moderated their smoking behaviour in some way when children were present, including 44% who claimed that when children are around they do not smoke at all. Conclusion: This study gives strength to the argument for local authorities to implement voluntary outdoor smokefree zones in public places such as shopping high streets, as a part of a comprehensive tobacco control plan. Shoppers were generally supportive of smokefree zones and in particular where the rationale for their implementation is to protect children from taking up smoking.

A SURVEY OF THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN ENGLISH LOCAL AUTHORITY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (01) ◽  
pp. 1250006 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. RIDDLESDEN ◽  
A. D. SINGLETON ◽  
T. B. FISCHER
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Geographic Information Systems ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Embedded Gis ◽  
Almost All

Across the public sector, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis are increasingly ubiquitous when making decisions involving people and places. However, historically GIS has not been prevalently applied to the various types of impact assessment. As such, this paper presents findings from a survey conducted in 2011 of 100 local authorities in England to examine how embedded GIS, spatial analysis and visualisation practices are to the process of conducting impact assessments. The results show that despite obvious advantages of applying GIS in these processes, applications employing basic techniques are at best sporadic, and where advanced methods are implemented, these in almost all instances are conducted by external contractors, thus illustrating a significant GIS under capacity within the sampled local authorities studied.

scholarly journals Tobacco Control Measures in Bangladesh: KAP Survey on Informal Tobacco Economy

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-215
Author(s):  
Hazera Akter ◽  
Suborna Barua
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Point Of Sale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Kap Survey ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Current Tobacco

This research aims to explore the ‘Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP)’ of government’s current tobacco control measures among informal tobacco sellers in Bangladesh. The KAP survey method was applied for collecting information from 400 sellers over seven regional divisions in Bangladesh. The subsequent data analysis was performed using SPSS software to derive the findings from the survey. The study explores that more than half of tobacco sellers are tobacco consumers themselves, of which more than four-fifth consumed tobacco at their Point of Sale (POS). Majority of informal tobacco shops were found in the public places although these sellers reported their acquaintance with the government’s tobacco control Act prohibiting the tobacco usage in such locations. Indirect advertisement was prevalent in about half of those shops. Majority of the sellers used to sell tobacco to minors. About one-fifth of sellers received some form of incentive from tobacco companies while two-third of them received gift items. Since informal tobacco sellers, mostly mobile, reach out the largest pool of consumers making tobacco available near-at-hand, government’s current tobacco control regulations should encompass the informal economy of tobacco sales to prevent massive violation of tobacco control Act by these sellers. Social Science Review, Vol. 37(2), Dec 2020 Page 201-215

17. Public Law Proceedings Concerning Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 626-662
Author(s):  
N V Lowe ◽  
G Douglas ◽  
E Hitchings ◽  
R Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Child Assessment ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
General Duty ◽  
Protection Orders ◽  
Police Protection

This is the first of two chapters discussing child protection issues—what is often called the public law concerning children. Chapter 17 begins with a consideration of the basic dilemmas of child protection followed by an overview of the development of local authority powers. It explains the current basic legal framework and provisions for local authorities to provide services for families; specific duties and powers; accommodating children in need; and secure accommodation. The chapter ends by focusing on the local authorities’ investigative powers and duties. It covers the general duty of investigation under s 47 of the Children Act 1989; co-operating with other agencies to discharge investigative duties; emergency protection orders; child assessment orders; and police protection.

scholarly journals The electronic cigarette: a knight in shining armour or a Trojan horse?

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 201-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W. Schluger
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Harm Reduction ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
Public Health Community ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Community

SummaryElectronic cigarettes have caused a sharp debate in the public health community, with some promoting them as a means of harm reduction for tobacco users and some taking a strong stand against them because of fear of renormalising smoking behaviour and interrupting tobacco control progress. People with mental health problems smoke at high rates and e-cigarettes seem a potentially attractive method of cessation in this population, and their use should be studied carefully.

scholarly journals Public use of external defibrillator in Hangzhou of China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 6-11
Author(s):  
Jin Xiao Sheng ◽  
Ye Kan ◽  
Zhang Gai ◽  
Zhang Hao
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ventricular Fibrillation ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
First Aid Training ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Hospital Cardiac Arrest

Background: Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is one of the causes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). The increase in survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is closely related to early detection and shortening the first defibrillation time. The implementation of AEDs deployment plan in public places in Hangzhou City provides an opportunity to improve the survival rate after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, and the benefits and potentials are enormous. Aims and Objective: Placing AEDs in public areas can effectively treat patients with pre-hospital cardiac arrest, by evaluating the configuration and usage of public AEDs in Hangzhou during the past five years, to provide the basis for improving the public areas’ configuration AEDs network layout and related training management. Materials and Methods: The number of AEDs in public areas, the use of AEDs and the treatment effect in Hangzhou city from 2015 to 2020 were collected. Results: The number of AEDs in public areas, the use of AEDs and the treatment effect in Hangzhou city from 2015 to 2020 were collected. In 5 years, a total of 1201 AEDs were configured, Placed in densely populated areas such as transportation hubs, schools, and scenic spots as the main locations. 32 patients suffered prehospital cardiac arrest and used AEDs, the average age of the patients was 40.56 ± 17.20, and the ratio of male to female was 3.57:1, In 26 cases, the initial heart rhythm was ventricular fibrillation and defibrillation, Before the first aid personnel arrived, the first witnesses Implement rescue, 22 patients with ventricular fibrillation were resuscitated successfully, 10 cases failed to ROSC. In 6 patients with suspected cardiac arrest, there was no electric shock defibrillation, and the device correctly indicates that the problem is not caused by ventricular fibrillation, In 4 cases, there was no defibrillating rhythm. Conclusion: AEDs in public areas are effectively used to assist in the treatment of patients with cardiac arrest; It can increase the rate of main circulation recovery. We will further increase the number of AEDs in public places, promote first aid training programs for non-professionals, Improving the public health emergency network system is essential to improve the prognosis of patients with cardiac arrest.

The Position of Local Authorities

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Executive Committee ◽  
General Principle ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Public ◽  
Government Transparency

Access to information held by local government is covered by various statutes and codes. Part VA of the Local Government Act 1972 provides for admission to meetings, access to agendas and reports, inspection of minutes and other documents after meetings, and additional rights for members of principal councils. Part II of the Local Government Act 2000 introduced new executive structures for local authorities. Where an authority has adopted a leader, or mayor, and cabinet executive, access to information is governed by regulations. The general principle is for the public to have access to meetings and documents where a local authority executive, committee, or an individual takes an executive decision. Under the regulations the authorities have to advertise key decisions. The chapter also reviews the new provisions for audit and reports in the Local Audit and Accountability Act 2014 and the Local Government Transparency Codes 2014 and 2015.

scholarly journals Compliance with smoke-free legislation and smoking behaviour: observational field study from Punjab, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonu Goel ◽  
Deepak Sharma ◽  
Rakesh Gupta ◽  
Vini Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Positive Association ◽  
Smoking Behaviour ◽  
North India ◽  
Active Smoking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
The Public ◽  
In Transit ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

BackgroundIndian smoke-free legislation requires prohibition of smoking at public places and owners of public places to display ‘no smoking’ signages.Aims and objectivesThe study aims to assess the compliance of public places with smoke-free legislation and determine the factors associated with active smoking in public places.MethodologyThis was a cross-sectional analytic observational quantitative survey conducted by a team of trained field investigators using a structured observational checklist across 6875 public places in Punjab state of India. The study was carried out over a period of 3 years.ResultsA total of 6875 public places across 22 districts of Punjab were observed. The overall compliance to smoke-free law in Punjab was 83.8%. The highest overall compliance was observed in healthcare facilities (89.6%) and least in transit stations (78.8%). Less active smoking was observed in public places where display of ‘no smoking’ signage compliant with smoke-free law of India was present (adjusted OR 0.6). Further, there was a positive association between active smoking and places where the owner of public places smoked (OR 5.2, CI 2.5 to 11.1).ConclusionMore than 80% of the public places in a jurisdiction in north India were compliant with the smoke-free legislation of India. ‘No smoking’ signages displayed as per legislation have an effect on curbing smoking behaviours at public places. It is recommended that policymakers should focus more on implementing the smoke-free law at transit sites and structured training sessions should be organised for owners of workplaces.

PERIMBANGAN KEUANGAN ANTARA PEMERINTAH PUSAT DENGAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN DAERAH

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Edward Hutagalung
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Fiscal Capacity ◽  
Regional Autonomy ◽  
The Public ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Regional Authority ◽  
Local Sources ◽  
Tax Sharing

The fi nancial relationship between central and local government can be defi ned as a system that regulates how some funds were divided among various levels of government as well as how to fi ndsources of local empowerment to support the activities of the public sector.Fiscal decentralization is the delegation of authority granted by the central government to theregions to make policy in the area of   fi nancial management.One of the main pillars of regional autonomy is a regional authority to independently manage thefi nancial area. State of Indonesia as a unitary state of Indonesia adheres to a combination of elementsof recognition for local authorities to independently manage fi nances combined with the element oftransferring fi scal authority and supervision of the fi scal policy area.General Allocation Fund an area allocated on the basis of the fi scal gap and basic allocation whilethe fi scal gap is reduced by the fi scal needs of local fi scal capacity. Fiscal capacity of local sources offunding that comes from the area of   regional revenue and Tax Sharing Funds outside the ReforestationFund.The results showed that the strengthening of local fi scal capacity is in line with regional autonomy.

Studying the Use of Public Spaces in the Library

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francine May
Keyword(s):  
Canadian Journal ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Full Paper ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Observational Technique ◽  
Mental Mapping ◽  
Mapping Observation

Methods for studying the public places of libraries, including mental mapping, observation and patron mapping are reviewed. Reflections on the experience of adapting an observational technique for use in multiple different library spaces are shared. Sont passées en revue les méthodes pour étudier la place publique des bibliothèques, y compris les représentations mentales, l’observation et la catégorisation des usagers. L’auteure partage ses réflexions sur l’expérience d’adapter une technique d’observation à différents espaces de bibliothèque. ***Full paper in the Canadian Journal of Information and Library Science***

المعتقدات والافكار الدينية في بلاد الرافدين من خلال المسلات الملكية

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (29) ◽  
pp. 148-165
Author(s):  
طالب منعم حبيب الشمري ◽  
عبد الرزاق حسين حاجم
Keyword(s):  
Lower Section ◽  
Public Places ◽  
The Public ◽  
Large Stone ◽  
Stone Block ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
Peace And War

  The obelisk is a large stone block with a height ranging from 50 cm to 3 m. It varies in width from one obelisk to another. It is sculptured from one side or two or four sides with prominent picture inscriptions, often accompanied by cuneiform texts for immortalising kings and their military campaigns. This obelisk is constructed in a rectangular or square, and some of them a dome convex or semi-circular or pyramid. The lower section of the obelisks is wide, similar to the base of the base, and another section is sculpted on a slightly sloping end, so that it can easily be attached to the ground or placed on a special base. The rulers and kings of Mesopotamia established and displayed the obelisk in public places in order to be seen by the public.  It also was placed in the yards of temples or public squares and squares and the streets of cities. It used to celebrate their religious, military and historical achievements in order to immortalise their actions. These obelisks are held to commemorate the deeds of kings and their achievements in peace and war as confirmed by the cuneiform texts and the artistic scenes implemented on them.

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