scholarly journals Kajian Terhadap Sila Keadilan Dan Teori Keadilan Berfalsafah Libertarianisme Dari Sudut Pandang Berideologi Pancasila

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Endah Susanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Minimal State ◽  
Distribution Of Resources ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

Libertarianism is a classification of philosophy which considers freedom as the main perspective that must be honored. With this assumption making libertarianism is often seen as a processed result or new ideas as a more polite cover of anarchism. Libertarianism initiates a society with a minimal state role, as a manifestation of the fulfillment of rights and the creation of justice where the distribution of resources is determined by the ability of each individual through a market mechanism. With this, it is not impossible to cause a disintegration that will adversely affect their social life. Whereas on the other hand, the government, as it has been placed by libertarians, only acts as a stabilizer to monitor and ensure that there are no violations of rights that occur, not as an opening way towards the creation of a country's goals. Deeper, libertarians oppose various regulations and rules that smell of public interest as well as taxes because they are considered another form of covert slavery. This is said because for them, besides causing obligations that must be borne by each individual, government revenues will actually hinder the development and productivity of each individual. Various speculations, new arguments and terms emerge along with the development of ideological strata that claim that libertarians are as they understand them. Thus emerging new terms such as conservative, left-right, contemporary and so forth as a form of division of the libertarian camp. Based on this, it certainly makes them have their own characteristics in the placement of rights and the application of justice.

Permanent Officials in the National Administration of the United States

1927 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 529-536
Author(s):  
Frank O. Lowden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Government Official ◽  
Business Organization ◽  
Constant Friction ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Law ◽  
Serious Injury ◽  
The Government

The tendency of all government is toward bureaucracy. The government official is inclined to exaggerate the importance of his office. He is constantly tempted to expand its scope. He is properly jealous of his authority. He looks askance upon the activities of other officials who seem to be trespassing upon his ground. In his construction of the law he is prone to insist upon the letter which killeth but to overlook the spirit which giveth life.I think that this tendency is inevitable. It is inseparable from zeal and pride, and these qualities are essential to successful administration. Where, however, the enterprise is a vast one, as in government, or as in a great business organization, these tendencies, if left uncontrolled, are likely to inflict serious injury upon the service. There will be constant friction among the various subdivisions of the particular department. At times the activities of one will neutralize the activities of the other. A set of arbitrary rules is likely to be evolved which will vex everyone who comes in contact with the particular bureau. The original purpose of the creation of the bureau is finally lost sight of, and it is likely to seem to those who direct it an end and not a means.

scholarly journals O społecznościach lokalnych i wspólnotach ludzkich w warunkach globalizacji – perspektywa pedagogiczna

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Segiet
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The One

Contemporary researchers of local communities and human societies face a new and difficult task today. It is, on the one hand, related to the great interest in this topic and the difficulty of creating a new concept that would fully exhaust the scope of phenomena observed presently in local communities and human societies. On the other hand, the character of changes that have gained momentum in the first decade of the 21st century, and the description of their sources, become particularly difficult to describe and name. The present article is an attempt at an indication of the need of an evolution of perception on societal reality and the emerging new social issues. Contemporary paedagogy attempts to write about the necessity of awareness/ education related to the needs of establishment of local communities and the creation of bonds as a response to processes related to social life in times of globalisation. It is a fact that we are presently dealing with a change in the forms and character of local communities.

scholarly journals The Round Table in 1989 – Consequences and Evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Wojciech Polak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Round Table ◽  
The Other ◽  
Special Services ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government

The agreement of the round table signed on April 5, 1989, resulted in the creation of the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki (September 12, 1989) and the end of communist rule in Poland. However, it should be pointed out that the agreement of the round table is currently often criticized. It is claimed, among other things, that the agreement was a form of “unification of the elite” (the term Jack Kuroń) to obtain financial and political benefits. As a result, the mixed communist-solidarity elite has taken over power in the country, guided solely by their own interests. It is also stressed that the contract has enabled the Communists to retain enormous influence in the special services, state administration, various institutions, the economy, and finance. On the other hand, these irregularities have been attributed to the solidarity elites who consider the round table agreements to be persistent. Other parts of the solidarity elite treated the round table exclusively as tactical action to take power away from the Communists.

scholarly journals Ekonomi Dan Penguasa (Pemikiran Ibn Taimiyah tentang Mekanisme Pasar)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Syarial Dedi
Keyword(s):  
Free Market ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Moral Norms ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Government

The classical scholars not only focus on the issue of ritual worship, but also pay attention to the economic problems of society and even indicated theories of modern conventional economics is the adoption of the results of their thinking. One of them is Ibn Taymiyyah. Its has inspired the market mechanism. Prices are handed over to businesses naturally, without being interfered with by the government. On the other hand religion gives authority to the government that must be obeyed by the ruler in taking care of them. This study uses the method of literature with the conclusion that in the free market, the price is considered by the strength of supply and demand. Free market runs fair, reasonable, likes the same likes and no distortion. However, the market mechanism is not always running perfectly, often distortion occurs. In this condition, the state's role as the supervisor of development morality is needed to make people aware that moral norms and ethical values are very important as the principle of development that must be implemented in the life of the economy. This means that Ibn Taymiyya'hs economic thought is in line with the duties and authorities of the ruler.

scholarly journals On the question of the stages of the rule-making process in the executive authorities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (3) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
ivan kurtyak ◽  
Roman Yakhontov
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Administrative Process ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The One ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Different Levels

The article is devoted to the problem of the rule-making process in the executive authorities of Russia on the one hand, and the theoretical foundations of the administrative process on the other. The authors analyse the main stages of the rule-making process that affects the process of forming material and procedural norms of law. The material and procedural norms of law at different levels of development are evaluated. The main stages of the rule-making process are discussed. The authors examine the significance of the rulemaking process in the executive authorities, the correlation of the rule-making process with the process in the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The authors define the classification of the stages of the rule-making process: the need for the issuance of a draft legal act of executive authorities; preparation and development of the text of the draft; discussion of the draft legal act by interested persons; amendments and additions to the draft legal act; making a decision on the draft legal act; independent examination of the corruption of the project; publication of the draft legal act; coming into force of the legal act. General characteristics are made. The question is raised about possible ways to improve the stages of the rule-making process. The article deals with the theoretical basis of the rule-making process, the stages of the rule-making process of executive authorities. The author conclude that the rule-making process has been formed as an independent institution of the administrative process. The disclosure of the issues of the rule-making process will allow to diagnose the direction under consideration, give the opportunity to study the «rulemaking process in executive authorities» and «stages of the rule-making process» on the basis of the modern administrative process. At the same time, the process of creating regulatory legal acts is taken into account. In recent years, there has been interest in the rule-making process during the creation of regulatory legal acts.

scholarly journals Penerapan Pasal 1320 Kuh Perdata Terhadap Tanggung Jawab Penjual Dalam Perjanjian Jual Beli Barang Melalui Media Internet

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
I Komang Mahesa Putra ◽  
Ni Luh Mahendrawati ◽  
Desak Gde Dwi Arini
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Commerce ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Civil Code ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Internet Media ◽  
The Government

Abstract-This trade activity by utilizing internet media is known as electronic commerce, or abbreviated as e-commerce. Regarding the relevance of existing legislation with the need for regulations in buying and selling transactions through internet media, especially the seller's responsibility. The formulation of the problem in this writing is how the legal protection for the parties in the sale and purchase agreement through the internet media and how the seller's responsibility in the sale and purchase agreement based on article 1320 of the Civil Code. The author uses the type of normative legal research and the problem approach used is the basis of the conceptual approach and legislation. The agreement needed to give birth to an agreement mandated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code is considered to have been reached if the statement of one party was received by the other party. In summary, an agreement is considered to have taken place when one of the parties agreed. The government should provide more stringent supervision for the parties who carry out this electronic transaction, namely by conducting a registration of all activities involving public interest in electronic traffic. Keywords: Sale and Purchase Agreement, Seller responsibilities, e-commerce Abstrak-Kegiatan yang menggunakan elektronik komersil sudah digandrungi beberapa orang dengan penggunaan yang semakin meningkat dengan pesat setiap tahunnya atau disingkat e-commerce. Berkaitan dengan relevansi peraturan perundang–undangan yang sudah ada dengan kebutuhan akan peraturan dalam transaksi jual beli melalui media internet terutama pertanggungjawaban penjual. Rumusan masalah dalam penulisan ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum bagi para pihak dalam perjanjian jual beli melalui media internet dan Bagaimana tanggung jawab penjual dalam perjanjian jual beli barang berdasarkan pasal 1320 KUH Perdata. Penulis menggunakan tipe penelitian hukum normative dan pendekatan masalah yang digunakan adalah dasar pendekatan konseptual dan Peraturan perundang-undangan. Persetujuan antara kedua orang yang menjalin suatu hubungan keperdataan di anggap telah sah apabila keduanya setuju. Ringkasnya, suatu perjanjian dianggap telah terjadi pada saat salah satu pihak menyatakan sepakat. Pemerintah seyogyanya memberikan pengawasan yang lebih ketat lagi bagi para pihak yang melakukan transaksi elektronik ini yaitu dengan jalan melakukan suatu pendaftaran terhadap segala kegiatan yang menyangkut kepentingan umum didalam lalu lintas elektronik. Kata Kunci: Perjanjian jual beli, tanggung jawab penjual, e-commerce

The Classification of Local Authorities in the UK Inner Urban Areas Act 1978

1980 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
C G Bentham
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Financial Support ◽  
Population Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
British Government ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Different Levels

In the Inner Urban Areas Act (1978), the British government has classified urban areas into three groups each of which will benefit from markedly different levels of financial support. By the use of the indicators said to form the basis of the classification, discriminant analysis is carried out to evaluate the validity of the groupings. Only the rate of population change is found to discriminate strongly between the groups, whereas most of the other variables contribute little to the discriminant function. Overall the groups are found to be not very distinct with strong indications that several areas are not appropriately classified. Doubts are therefore raised about the validity of the classification produced by the government.

scholarly journals LEGAL NATURE OF DEPARTMENTAL REGULATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-428
Author(s):  
Yuri G. Arzamasov
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Setting Process ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
Legislative Regulation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
Multistage Classification

The article is devoted to the establishment of the legal nature of departmental regulations. The main parameters and scope of rule-making competence of federal executive bodies are examined. Because of the heterogeneity of departmental normative acts, there is a need to develop a general multistage classification of departmental regulations, the creation of which will also help determine their legal nature. Based on the analysis, a conclusion was made on the need for legislative regulation of the rule-making competence of federal executive bodies, as well as the procedure for implementing a departmental norm-setting process in the Russian Federation. The question is debated whether the departmental normative acts are sources of law. It is concluded that departmental regulations perform the same functions as all other normative legal acts, that is, they create norms of law, modify and supplement existing norms, and in some cases cancel them. Consequently, these acts are sources (forms) of law. The problem of the place, which departmental normative acts occupy in the system of subordinate normative acts, is being discussed. In conclusion, the author comes to the inference that departmental regulations possess all the features of by-laws. It is noted that departmental regulations act as acts of developing norm-setting, since they carry out the functions of detailing and concretizing laws, acts of the President and the Government.

scholarly journals Wypowiedzi wartościujące jako istotny aspekt dyskursu wideoblogowego na przykładzie kanału „Stanowo” o tematyce kryminalnej

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-66
Author(s):  
Ewa Gorlewska ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
The Other ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Colloquial Style ◽  
The Way

The subject of the paper is valuation statements present in videoblog discourse. The material is based on audiovisual recordings broadcast on the “Stanowo” channel. The aim of the analysis is to explore the way in which judgements are expressed that relate crime seen as a sensitive aspect of social life. It has been shown that the author rarely uses messages marked axiologically in her material. Her priority is to present facts accurately rather than to make judgements. Statements involving valuation of facts do appear in her statements, especially in those in which the author manifests her emotional involvement in the story. This leads to a conclusion that there is a close relationship between expressiveness and valuing, as revealed in the material studied. Irony, contrasting and comparisons are the most common linguistic tool used by the author to express value judgements. The use on names is a metaphorical sense also plays an important role. Three pillars of the stories presented are assessed: the event itself and its circumstances, the victim and the perpetrator. It has been shown that valuation of the facts discussed has two objectives: the presentation of personal positions, which facilitates the creation of a kind of sender-receiver relationship, and the release of tension generated by the absorption of information about violent events. In the conclusion it has been stated that the way reality is valued by a popular video blogger may cause her axiological perspective to be adopted especially by young, morally unformed viewers. Therefore, it should be regarded as positive that the author does not deviate from generally accepted patterns of assessing the behaviour of victims and perpetrators. On the other hand, the style of the presented valuation statements can be assessed negatively – the author uses colloquial style, however, this form of language is out of keeping with the solemnity of the events under discussion.

Ethics and the Government Economist

2014 ◽  
pp. 617-634
Author(s):  
Susan Offutt
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Standard ◽  
Academic Education ◽  
Policy Decisions ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Professional Independence

Public service is a calling distinct from academic education and research or business pursuits. For the career federal economist, the imperative to serve the public interest in a complex political setting introduces the potential for ethical dilemmas unique to government. Although the rewards of public service are considerable, the economist recognizes the possible tension between political goals and interests and the economist’s concern for professional independence and objectivity. Such friction with politics may on occasion result in suppression or alteration of results or analysis, direction to produce support for decisions already taken, and disagreement over policy decisions. To deal thoughtfully with these challenges, federal economists should be better prepared to think explicitly about ethics, have appeal to an external ethical standard, and advocate for the creation of legitimate internal government dialogue on ethics.

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