scholarly journals THE LIFE PATH OF IVAN CHERVAK («DNISTROVYI») - A KNIGHT OF THE SILVER CROSS OF MERIT OF THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 352-363
Author(s):  
Mykhailo ROMANIUK
Keyword(s):  
Structural Units ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Administrative Work ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Career Growth ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Life Path ◽  
Ordinary Member ◽  
District Leader

The research deals with the life and military path of Ivan Chervak («Dnistrovyi») (1923–1953). He was a leading person of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists' Youth department in Stanislaviv region (now - Ivano-Frankivsk region), a political educator at the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA), one of the leaders of the OUN's armed underground in Zakerzonnia, the commander of a courier group that provided communication on the «Carpathians-Zakerzonnia–western zones of German occupation» line, and the Zolochiv district leader. By the Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council's decision and the Main Team of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, I. Chervak was awarded the Silver Cross of Merit because of selfless work and struggle for the Ukrainian state. Particular attention is paid to forming the future leader's personality, family upbringing, and education. I. Chervak's administrative work​​in the OUN, UIA divisions, the OUN's armed underground, his career growth from an ordinary member to the head of one of the most important structural units of the Ukrainian liberation movement of 1940-1950 in Western Ukraine was analyzed. The author determined pseudonyms and cryptonyms used by I. Chervak, being in an illegal position and acting in the UIA ranks and the OUN underground, under which he was noted by the USLC, which he signed memoirs and journalistic articles. Activities of the Soviet repressive and punitive system to identify I. Chervak and attempt to liquidate him with agents and military-chekist operations were recreated. The last activities of the district leader and OUN battle groups that covered him have been revealed in detail, and the circumstances that led to his death together with the typist Stefaniia Virlyk («Kalyna») and the last battle of the Knight of the OUN and UIA. Keywords: Ivan Chervak, «Dnistrovyi», «Oles», Silver Cross of Merit of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army, Knight of the OUN and UIA, Zolochiv District of the OUN, Zakerzonnia, armed underground of the OUN.

scholarly journals «True art» — «the need for the soul to express itself»: Hryhoriy Smolsky’s publicism

2019 ◽  
pp. 422-436
Author(s):  
Oksana Sereda
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Soviet Rule ◽  
Defining Moment ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Art School

The article deals with the journalistic achievements of the Ukrainian artist, local historian and publicist Hryhoriy Smolsky, analyzes the problems and genre of his articles in the Lviv press during the 1920s and 1970s. The long and thorny path of H. Smolsky to art was revealed. It is highlighted that this artist managed to restore his historical and artistic studios in Lviv only at the age of 28 years due to the then military situation in the Western Ukraine. It is emphasized that H. Smolsky was one of the five first students of the O. Novakivsky Art School and this was the defining moment in the formation of his artistic priorities. It became clear that the young artist’s collaboration with the Lviv press began in the late 1920s — he was part of the editorial board of «Literaturni Visti» and published two reviews on its pages. His publications about the history of the beginning and activities of the O. Novakivsky’s Art School in the «Novy Chas» newspaper and the «Svit» journal were rediscovered. It is accentuated on another facet of H. Smolsky’s talent — the writing of travel notes, which appeared in the 1930s in the «Dilo» and «Nazustrich» periodicals. It is highlighted that these features comprehensively revealed the artist’s journalistic talent. The H. Smolsky’s articles written during the German occupation, specifically in the «Lvivski Visti» diaries, were also introduced into the scholarly circulation and analyzed. It is revealed that with the advent of Soviet rule, the artist kept «silent» for 15 years and was not present in artistic life. A number of publications by H. Smolsky of the late 1950s and 1970s were studied. They prove that the author was able to maintain his socio-cultural position even in the conditions of the rigid ideological framework. The artist’s significant contribution in illuminating the history of the O. Novakivsky Art School’s achievements is highlighted. It is summarized that H. Smolsky is a talented publicist, and although his journalistic legacy (rediscovered today) has only 22 articles, those are an important source of study of the Ukrainian artistic environment of Galicia in the 1920s–1940s. Key words: H. Smolsky, journal, article, art, O. Novakivsky Art School.

scholarly journals MILITARY DISTRICT "HOVERLIA" OF THE UKRAINIAN INSURGENT ARMY DURING THE GERMAN OCCUPATION (1943-1944)

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 28-45
Keyword(s):  
German Occupation ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Self Defense ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Military ◽  
First Time

For the first time, the article describes the formation and activities of the military district of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UIA) "Hoverlia" in the territory of the Stanislav region during the German occupation. It is shown that the military district started to be created in December 1943, at the same time Ivan Beleiovych-"Dzvinchuk" was appointed its first commander. The "Hoverlia" military district was formed based on the Ukrainian People's Self-Defense (UNS), which worked in the Stanislav region's territory during 1943, thus showing that it is a continuation of the Ukrainian liberation movement in the Stanislav region. The "Hoverlia" military district was being built on the territory where the underground OUN network operated for a long time. Therefore, the military district could rely on it if necessary. The "Hoverlia" military district was subordinate to the UIA-West General Military District, that is, to execute its orders. It is shown that according to orders and instructions issued by the UIA-West Regional Military Staff, the "Hoverlia" military district had to build its headquarters, set up a printing business, set up lines of communication, prepare reserve camps for UIA departments, and establish lines, delivering insurgent supplies, providing the insurgents with weapons, ammunition, food, and clothes. All the disunited OUN members had to go to the UIA and be trained there; the insurgent ranks had to be cleared of unreliable elements. The UIA divisions had to control the Carpathian and Subcarpathian forests. The formation and number of "sotnias" and "kurins" of the UIA are shown. Particular attention is paid to the UIA officers' and sub-officers' schools where recruits were trained, the programs for ordinary soldiers, and candidates for officers and sub-commanders. Special attention was paid to German and Hungarian occupation forces in the territory of the Stanislav region. The fight of Ukrainian insurgents against German and Hungarian troops, red partisans, and Soviet paratroopers is covered. Keywords: Military district of UIA "Hoverlia", UIA, UNS, German invaders, Hungarian troops, red partisans, Soviet paratroopers, front.

scholarly journals Survivor Testimonies and the Coming to Terms with the Holocaust in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia: The Case of the Ukrainian Nationalists

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 221-240
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Nazi Germany ◽  
Western World ◽  
German Occupation ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
Freedom Fighters ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Anti Jewish

The question, if and to what extent the Ukrainian nationalists murdered Jews in Volhynia and eastern Galicia during the Holocaust, has haunted Jewish and Ukrainian communities in various countries of the Western world during the entire Cold War. It also puzzled German historians of Eastern Europe and Nazi Germany. Historians, although in theory responsible for investigating and clarifying such difficult aspects of the past, have for various reasons not investigated them or they investigated only other aspects of the Holocaust in Ukraine. This article briefly explains how factions of the Ukrainian diaspora invented a narrative that portrayed Ukrainian nationalists as anti-German and anti-Soviet freedom fighters who did not kill or harm any Jews during the German occupation of Ukraine. In the next step, it shows how testimonies and other sorts of documents left by survivors from Volhynia and eastern Galicia can help historians understand the role that ordinary Ukrainians and the OUN and UPA played in the Shoah in western Ukraine. Finally, it asks why it took Ukrainian, German, Polish, Russian, and other historians so many years to investigate and comprehend the anti-Jewish violence of the Ukrainian nationalists, if relevant documents were collected and made accessible as early as in the middle 1940s.

Interplay of climate-human-vegetation on the north-eastern edge of the Carpathians (Western Ukraine) between 7500 and 3500 calibrated years BP

2015 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 609-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kołaczek ◽  
Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek ◽  
Jacek Madeja ◽  
Nataliya Kalinovych ◽  
Kazimierz Szczepanek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Carpathians ◽  
The North ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Eastern Edge

scholarly journals New findings of pest sciarid species (Diptera, Sciaridae) in Ukraine, with the first record of Bradysia difformis

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141
Author(s):  
A. I. Babytskiy ◽  
M. S. Moroz ◽  
S. O. Kalashnyk ◽  
O. O. Bezsmertna ◽  
I. D. Dudiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
The Carpathians ◽  
Fungus Gnats ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
Mass Development ◽  
Succulent Plants

Sciarids (Diptera, Sciaridae) or black fungus gnats are small, mainly dark coloured insects whose larvae usually develop in rotting plant remains permeated by fungal hyphae. Typical habitats for sciarids are shaded forests and wet meadows, but some species can migrate from natural biotopes to anthropogenic ecosystems and live as synanthropes. Synanthropic sciarid species in the case of their larvae mass development, may cause significant damage to agricultural plants and mushrooms and are considered as pests. The information on pest activities of sciarids in the literature is provided for 34 species, but only 7 species can be considered as dangerous pests. In the framework of taxonomic and ecological research on Sciaridae in Ukraine, some chorological and faunistic peculiarities of pest sciarids have been studied. We collected material during the expeditions and excursions in different biotopes of Ukraine from 2012 to 2018 using the Malaise trap, by the method of non-count sweeping with entomological net and with exhauster directly from substrate. The collected imagoes were placed into 5 mL vials with 70% ethanol. In the lab, the fixed material was dehydrated in absolute ethanol and mounted on slides in Euparal. All of the studied material is kept in Andriy Babytskiy’s Private Collection, Kyiv (PABK) and mostly availible to the public on the UkrBIN. In Ukraine 4 species of harmful sciarid pests from 3 genera are recorded, namely Bradysia brunnipes (in Crimea), B. difformis (in Kyiv and Volyn Regions), Lycoriella ingenua (in Kyiv and Volyn Regions) and Pnyxia scabiei (Western regions excluding the Carpathians). B. brunnipes, also known as “cucumber gnat”, is one of the widespread cucumber pests in greenhouses, damaging roots and above-ground shoots of cucumbers. In Ukraine, mass development of this species and significant loses of the harvest caused by it have not been reported. B. difformis is a widespread pest sciarid, but in Ukraine it has been recorded for the first time. The mass development of this species was recorded in hothouses with cacti and other succulent plants at the O. V. Fomin Botanical Garden, where the larvae of B. difformis cause significant damage to these plants, especially to their sprouts. L. ingenua is the most common sciarid pest which damages mushrooms in hothouses. In Ukraine it was massively recorded  in cellars and on vegetables in storages. P. scabiei was recorded in Western Ukraine, except the Carpathians, as a potato pest species that damages sprouts in the fields and tubers in storages. Considering the absence of records of P. scabiei in natural biotopes of Ukraine, it is likely that this species was introduced to our country from America together with potatoes and should be recognized as an alien species to the natural entomofauna of Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Unknown Document on the Struggle of the Soviet Power Bodies Against the OUN of the Melnykivskyi Direction on the Chernivtsi Region (16 May 1947)

2020 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Vasyl I. Ilnytskyi ◽  
Nataliya J. Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Support ◽  
State Archive ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Security Forces ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Carpathian Region ◽  
Security Service ◽  
Western Ukraine ◽  
History Of

The article publishes and analyzes the document – a memo on the agency work on exposing and eliminating the underground of the OUN of the Melnykivskyi direction on the territory of Chernivtsi region (May 16, 1947) (Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine, f. 13: a collection of printed editions of the KGB of the USSR, case 372, vol. 62, pp. 253-262), which is an important document both for the history of the confrontation of the Soviet repressive-punitive system with the Ukrainian liberation movement and for the history of the OUN (m). According to the information potential, the published document is quite large. It reveals the peculiarities of the agency work of Soviet law enforcement agencies on the methods of detection and liquidation of the Melnikyvskyi underground in the Chernivtsi region. The document gives a brief history of the formation and operation of the OUN (m) during 1940 – 1946, lists the persons arrested. At the same time, it is noted that to May 16, 1947, 286 were under suspicion of belonging to the OUN (m), and the categories of cases these persons were mentioned (26 agent cases, 4 case forms, 8 preliminary agent developments, 248 list accounting). It also gives a brief overview of the agent cases (“Trizubivtsi”, “Musejnyky”, “Nedobyti”), case forms, preliminary agent developments that are under the jurisdiction of UMDB of Chernivtsi region. The published excerpts from the secretarial cases show the extent of the search work of the Soviet security forces and the complete possession of their information. The information was collected and updated periodically about underground people not only in the USSR but also abroad. The article shows that the Soviet security forces played a central role in work with the agency in the complex of anti-nationalist measures. However, despite the mass pressure, the use of brutal methods of combating the repressive-punitive bodies against the Ukrainian liberation movement, the underground continued to operate in the Carpathian region of the OUN and enjoyed widespread public support. In addition, the development of the OUN (m) was shown as a separate direction for the work of Soviet security agencies. Although the latter did not have a broad network of operating centers in Western Ukraine, its former members were considered potentially dangerous to the Soviet administration, and thus went into development. At the same time, the development and identification of melnykivtsi continued not only in Ukraine but also abroad. Keywords: OUN (m), agency, Chernivtsi region, repressive and punitive bodies.

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