scholarly journals Fetal hydropsia: challenges in etiologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. e247101321259
Author(s):  
Rebeca Fernandes de Azevedo Dantas ◽  
Thais Regina Santos ◽  
Maria Eduarda Barillari Cano ◽  
Maria Eduarda Baracuhy Cruz Chaves ◽  
Arlley Cleverson Belo da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Prenatal Period ◽  
Fetal Hydrops ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Fluid Collections ◽  
Fetal Antigens

Introduction: Fetal hydrops is defined as the presence of abnormal fluid collections in two or more extravascular   fetal compartments and body cavities. There are about 150 different underlying causes known today potentially leading to this fetal alteration. Objective: To analyze the etiologies involved in the occurrence of cases of fetal hydrops. Methods: A systematic literature review was carried out using the MedLine, Pubmed and Scielo databases, from 2015 to 2021, using the expressions: "fetal, hydrop, etiologies." Discussion: Fetal hydrops is divided into immune and non-immune. Immune results from anemia secondary to erythroblastosis by alloimmunization, so when there is maternal exposure to fetal antigens, it generates an immune response that results in the production of antibodies. History of blood transfusions, previous births, trauma and a history of alloimmunization are characterized as risk factors. Thus, immunoprophylaxis with anti-D immunoglobulin is indicated for all RhD negative pregnant women, with RhD positive male partner, with abundant fetal maternal hemorrhage during childbirth or events with potential sensitizer in the prenatal period. Conclusion: For an effective treatment, it is essential to identify the type of fetal hydrops in the patient and then the etiology of the disease, which is quite variable in Non-Immune Fetal Hydrops.

P1489HEPATITIS B AND C IN DIALYSIS UNITS IN ALMATY

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arina Yespotayeva ◽  
Kairat Kabulbayev ◽  
Abduzhappar Gaipov ◽  
Zauresh Amreyeva ◽  
Zhanar Mursalova
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Hepatitis B Surface Antigen ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Maintenance Haemodialysis ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background and Aims Patients getting maintenance haemodialysis (HD) are at higher risk for acquiring Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections than the general population. Strict infection control measures are essential to prevent nosocomial transmission. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in the HD population of Almaty dialysis units as well as risk factors for infection. Method All adult patients getting maintenance HD (n=700) in Almaty dialysis centres (n=4) were studied between May 2016 and December 2019. Testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV antibodies was performed at initiation of dialysis and every 3–6 months thereafter. Serological markers for HBV and HCV were determined with immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Results Participant median age was 40 years and 58% were male. 110 patients (34.9%) were sero-positive for HBV and/or HCV (anti-HCV positive 31.1%; HBsAg positive 2.6%; both positive 1.2%). Of the sero-positive patients 4.7% were known to be infected before the initiation of HD. The prevalence of HBV±HCV infection varied widely between HD centres from 0% to 75.9%. Sero-positive patients were younger, had longer time on dialysis and more previous blood transfusions. Wide variation in rates of newly acquired infections was observed between dialysis centres. All new HBV cases were referred from centres already treating HBV infected patients. New HCV infections were reported in most centres but the rate of HCV sero-conversion varied widely from 1.5% to 31%. Duration of dialysis, history of previous renal transplant and history of receiving HD in another centre in Almaty were significantly associated with sero-conversion. Major risk factors identified by a standard questionnaire in 302 of 270 patients were the number of blood transfusions individuals had received and duration of dialysis, the latter including patients who received no blood transfusions Conclusion HBV and HCV prevalence in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients. In summary, the prevalence of HBV and HCV in our HD patients is still high. These data emphasize the need for stricter adherence to infection control, barrier precaution and preventive behaviors with all patients.

scholarly journals Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Kidney Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (36) ◽  
pp. 3574-3581 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghislaine Scelo ◽  
Tricia L. Larose
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Kidney Cancer ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
History Of ◽  
Underlying Causes ◽  
Epidemiologic Determinants ◽  
Body Weight Control

The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize evidence of the epidemiology of and risk factors for kidney cancer with a focus on renal cell carcinoma in adults. The etiology of kidney cancer is largely unknown and the main epidemiologic determinants are large geographic and temporal variations in incidence rates. Established risk factors include tobacco smoking, body size, and history of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Other suspected risk factors require additional investigation, as do the underlying biologic mechanisms that are responsible for disease occurrence. Opportunities to prevent kidney cancer include targeting modifiable risk factors—for example, smoking abstinence/cessation and body weight control—as well as interventions along the diagnostic pathway to improve early diagnosis. Molecular epidemiology, including, but not limited to, metabolomics and tumor genomics, are new areas of research that promise to play important roles in identifying some of the underlying causes of kidney cancer.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Risk Factors of Cervical Cancer among Women in Towns of Fako Division- Cameroon

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Tassang Andrew ◽  
Celestina Neh Fru ◽  
Mike Robert Brady ◽  
Frederick Nchang Cho ◽  
Tassang Thierry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
History Of

Background: Cervical cancer (CC) is a worldwide disease, with 85% of new cases occurring in developing countries in general and Africa south of the Sahara in particular. Aim: The objective of this study was to find possible factors that could affect knowledge about CC and some CC risk factors in our community. Study Design: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out in Buea, Mutengene, and Tiko. Result: Knowledge about CC is modulated by the level of education and the young age of women. Risk factors, although universal, seem to vary according to the geographical area and the socio-cultural environment where one lives. Some risk factors identified are; early onset of sexual intercourse, polygamous marriages, multiple sexual partners, the sexual behavior of the male partner, Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), Human Deficiency Virus (HIV), and history of genital warts. Conclusion: None enhancement of lifestyle as the voluntary refusal of cervical cancer screening and CC vaccination has also been risky for CC.

Perception of primary male sexual partners’ characteristics and women’s history of sexually transmissible infections in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Sexual Health ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ly T. Tran ◽  
Thanh C. Bui ◽  
Vy T. Pham ◽  
Christine M. Markham ◽  
Alan G. Nyitray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Women's History ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Ho Chi Minh City ◽  
Male Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmissible Infections ◽  
History Of ◽  
Primary Male ◽  
Women’S History

Background Evidence regarding whether male partners’ characteristics can influence women’s likelihood of getting sexually transmissible infections (STIs) is insufficient and inconsistent. Our study examined associations between women’s perception of primary male partners’ demographic and behavioural characteristics and women’s history of bacterial STI diagnoses among 126 women at risk for STIs in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. Methods: All variables were obtained by women’s self-report. Due to the excess zeroes of the number of bacterial STI diagnoses for women, we used Zero-Inflated Poisson regression to examine associations of interest. Results: Among women who had one lifetime male partner (n = 49), the partner’s number of female sexual partners [prevalence ratio (PR) = 4.63, 95%CI = 1.44–14.88] and number of STI diagnoses (PR = 27.32, 95%CI = 1.56–477.70) were associated with the woman’s number of bacterial STI diagnoses, after adjusting for women’s education level. For women who had >1 lifetime male partner (n = 77), a greater number of women’s bacterial STI diagnoses was also associated with their partners’ STI history (PR = 9.12, 95% CI = 2.44–34.11). Conclusions: An increased risk for STIs in women was associated with both individual characteristics and their primary male partner’s behavioural risk factors. Therefore, primary male partners’ risk factors should be included in STI risk assessments, treatment and interventions for women.

scholarly journals Rising prevalence of HIV infection and associated risk factors among young Thai Men in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julius Eleazar dC. Jose ◽  
Boonsub Sakboonyarat ◽  
Mathirut Mungthin ◽  
Kenrad E. Nelson ◽  
Ram Rangsin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Male Partner ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Consistent Condom ◽  
Transmitted Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

AbstractThe prevalence of HIV among young Thai men stabilized at 0.5% from 2005 to 2011. A cross-sectional study was conducted among the male army conscripts in 2018 at 36 military training units nationwide. All new conscripts in each selected unit were invited to participate in the study. Questionnaires were used to determine risk factors to HIV infection that had been developed from related risk factors studies among young Thai men. Among 4629 participants, 44 (1.0%) HIV positive individuals were identified. The proportion subject reporting a history of sex with another man was 10.1%. The prevalence of HIV infection among men who have sex with men (MSM) was 4.0%. The proportion of consistent condom use with a male partner was 39.7%. The risk factors of HIV infection included having sex with another man, history of sexually transmitted infection and history of sex in exchange for gifts/money. Only 1.4% of MSM used pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). HIV prevention programs including PrEP in Thailand should be emphasized among MSM in both rural and urban settings.

High Prevalence of Hepatitis C Infection Among Patients Receiving Hemodialysis at an Urban Dialysis Center

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sumathi Sivapalasingam ◽  
Sharp F. Malak ◽  
John F. Sullivan ◽  
Jonathan Lorch ◽  
Kent A. Sepkowitz
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Multiple Sexual Partners ◽  
Cocaine Use ◽  
Intranasal Cocaine ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
History Of

Objective:To determine the seroprevalence and risk factors for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among patients at an urban outpatient hemodialysis center.Methods:This was a cross-sectional study of 227 patients undergoing hemodialysis at the Rogosin Kidney Center on December 15, 1998, with a response rate of 90% (227 of 253). Laboratory records were used to retrieve the total number of blood transfusions received and serologic study results. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationship among HCV serostatus, patient demographics, and HCV risk factors (eg, intravenous drug use [IVDU], intranasal cocaine use, multiple sexual partners, comorbidities, length of time receiving hemodialysis, and total number of blood transfusions received).Results:The seroprevalence of antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was 23.3% (53 of 227) in the population. In univariate analysis, factors associated with HCV seropositivity included male gender, younger age, history of IVDU, history of intranasal cocaine use, history of multiple sexual partners, human immunodeficiency virus coinfection, increased time receiving dialysis, history of renal transplant, and positive antibody to hepatitis B core antigen. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that longer duration receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU were the only risk factors that remained independently associated with HCV seropositivity.Conclusions:HCV is markedly more common in our urban cohort of patients receiving hemodialysis compared with patients receiving dialysis nationally and is associated with a longer duration of receiving dialysis and a history of IVDU. Stricter and more frequent enforcement of universal precautions may be required in hemodialysis centers located in areas with a high prevalence of HCV infection or IVDU among the general population.

scholarly journals Covid-19 and HIV: Not Always an Unfavorable Combination

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Vieira Bertozzi ◽  
Amanda de Oliveira Vicente ◽  
Amanda Siqueira Pereira ◽  
João Pedro Espinha de Sant'Ana ◽  
Rafaela Braga Cabrera Mano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Regular Treatment ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
History Of

Abstract BackgroundA 73-years-old-man patient who had a history of Human Immunodefiency Virus (HIV) infection for over 20 years was diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection.Case presentationThe patient was admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), where he remained for 25 days, due to a severe condition. Intubation, hemodialysis and tracheostomy were necessary to maintain homeostasis. In addition to regular treatment with etravirine, dolutegravir, darunavir and ritonavir for highly active antiretroviral therapy, the patient received To-cilizumab, which showed a great recovery in the patient's condition.ConclusionThe patient had several risk factors, such as: male gender, age> 70 years and hypertension. The use of To-cilizumab was of great importance in the patient's recovery, since the drug increased his immune response, which is deficient, due to HIV infection.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Canadian Patients with Chronic Type C Hepatitis

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
GY Minuk ◽  
WWS Wong ◽  
KDE Kaita ◽  
BG Rosser
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Hepatitis C Virus ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hcv Infection ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Ear Piercing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chronic Hcv ◽  
Sexual Promiscuity

Previous reports from the United States indicate that as many as 40% of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) have no identifiable risk factor for HCV infection. To determine whether the same is true of Canadian patients with chronic HCV the records of 89 anti-HCV positive patients referred to the authors' tertiary care centre for evaluation of liver disease were reviewed. Each patient had been specifically asked about the following risk factors: previous blood transfusions; intravenous drug abuse; homosexual activity; sexual promiscuity (multiple sexual partners or a history of sexually transmitted diseases); tattoos made with nonsterile techniques; and ear piercing using nonsterile techniques. The results of the study revealed that 76 of 89 patients (85%) had at least one risk factor for HCV exposure, 38 (43%) had only one risk factor, 19 (21%) had two, 12 (14%) had three and the remaining three patients (3%) had four. The most common risk factor was a history of intravenous drug abuse (30 of 89 patients, 34%) followed by sexual promiscuity (28, 32%), previous blood transfusions (21, 24%), tattoos (17, 19%), homosexual contacts (seven, 8%) and ear piercing (five, 6%). Contrary to a recent report identifying sexual contact as an independent risk factor for HCV infection, only four cases (5%) were found where sexual promiscuity was identified as the only risk factor. In conclusion, these findings indicate that a possible source of HCV infection can be identified in a large majority of Canadians referred to an urban centre with chronic HCV infection.

Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sami Hamdan ◽  
Nadine Melhem ◽  
Israel Orbach ◽  
Ilana Farbstein ◽  
Mohammad El-Haib ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Suicidal Risk ◽  
Arab Population ◽  
Psychiatric Interview ◽  
History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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