scholarly journals Toxicological and morphological analysis of Africanized Apis mellifera selected for tolerance to the neonicotinoid thiamethoxam

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e14310212109
Author(s):  
William Cristian da Silva Pizzaia ◽  
Tamiris de Oliveira Diniz ◽  
Breno Gabriel da Silva ◽  
Naiara Climas Pereira ◽  
Adriana Aparecida Sinópolis-Gigliolli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
The World ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Honeybee Health

Honeybees are the insect most used for pollination purposes due to its efficient characteristics for this function, which reflects in positive aspects for both nature and man. The expansion of agriculture and the development of agrochemicals to combat pests has had negative impacts on honeybee health, causing its disappearance around the world. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of honeybee exposure to the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on its survival rate, as well as on morphological and histological changes in the midgut of adult workers from the F4 generation of Apis mellifera queens tolerant to thiamethoxam and non-tolerant worker honeybees. After the bioassays, the midgut was removed for morphological evaluation. The results showed that F4 bees were more tolerance to thiamethoxam and exhibited less significant morphological changes when compared to the non-tolerant control group.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE NEPHROTOXICITY OF DOXORUBICIN AND NANOSTRUCTURED DOXORUBICIN IN CONDITIONS OF TRANSPLANTABLE CARCINOGENESIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-48
Author(s):  
I. N. Chairkin ◽  
N. V. Chairkina ◽  
O. N. Deryabina ◽  
V. Y. Medvezhonkov ◽  
O. V. Kalmin
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Laboratory Rats ◽  
Chemotherapy Drugs ◽  
Morphological Evaluation ◽  
Comparative Morphological Analysis ◽  
Convoluted Tubules

The study was carried out on 120 mongrel white laboratory rats, to whom were transplanted the ascitiс Zaidel's hepatoma and which were divided into three equal groups. Of these, the first group of animals was a control group without treatment. In the second group, to animals doxorubicin was injected, in the third group, nanostructured doxorubicin was injected to the animals for 21 days. The aim of the study was to assess the degree of morphological changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys under the influence of nanostructured doxorubicin and doxorubicin in the condition of transplantable carcinogenesis. Given the nephrotoxicity of the chemotherapy drugs studied, the dynamics of structural changes in the tubules and glomeruli of the kidneys was studied. Conducted a comparative morphological evaluation of the changes occurring in the kidneys. The results of a morphological study of the structural components of the kidneys prove that doxorubicin and nanostructured doxorubicin have different effects on both the tubular apparatus and the glomeruli of the kidneys in the condition of transient carcinogenesis. The use of doxorubicin is accompanied by a relatively pronounced nephrotoxic effect, which is indicated by dystrophic and necrobiotic changes in the epithelium of convoluted tubules and the glomerular apparatus of the kidneys. The use of nanostructured doxorubicin is limited to moderately expressed dystrophic changes in the epithelium of the tubular apparatus of the kidneys, the glomerular apparatus remains intact at the same time. Thus, the use of the preparation of nanostructured doxorubicin for the treatment of the ascitic hepatoma of Zaidel in experimental animals has a less pronounced toxic and damaging effect on the renal parenchyma.

scholarly journals Action of vanillin (Vanilla planifolia) on the morphology of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after nerve injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Peretti ◽  
Juliana Sobral Antunes ◽  
Keli Lovison ◽  
Regina Inês Kunz ◽  
Lidyane Regina Gomes Castor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Tibialis Anterior ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Injury Group ◽  
Fiber Atrophy ◽  
Oral Doses

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the action of vanillin (Vanilla planifolia) on the morphology of tibialis anterior and soleus muscles after peripheral nerve injury. Methods Wistar rats were divided into four groups, with seven animals each: Control Group, Vanillin Group, Injury Group, and Injury + Vanillin Group. The Injury Group and the Injury + Vanillin Group animals were submitted to nerve injury by compression of the sciatic nerve; the Vanillin Group and Injury + Vanillin Group, were treated daily with oral doses of vanillin (150mg/kg) from the 3rd to the 21st day after induction of nerve injury. At the end of the experiment, the tibialis anterior and soleus muscles were dissected and processed for light microscopy and submitted to morphological analysis. Results The nerve compression promoted morphological changes, typical of denervation, and the treatment with vanillin was responsible for different responses in the studied muscles. For the tibialis anterior, there was an increase in the number of satellite cells, central nuclei and fiber atrophy, as well as fascicular disorganization. In the soleus, only increased vascularization was observed, with no exacerbation of the morphological alterations in the fibers. Conclusion The treatment with vanillin promoted increase in intramuscular vascularization for the muscles studied, with pro-inflammatory potential for tibialis anterior, but not for soleus muscle.

scholarly journals Effects of Resistance, Endurance, and Concurrent Exercise on Oxidative Stress Markers and the Histological Changes of Intestine After Morphine Withdrawal in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
Iraj Salehi ◽  
Ebrahim Zarrinkalam‎ ◽  
Fatemeh Mirzaei ◽  
Ebrahim Abbasi Oshaghi ◽  
Kamal Ranjbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Morphine Withdrawal ◽  
Morphological Alteration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Concurrent Exercise

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance, endurance, and concurrent exercise on oxidative stress markers and histological changes of the intestine after morphine withdrawal in rats. Methods: A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=6) including healthy control, withdrawal (rat received morphine for 21 days and 8 weeks of withdrawal period), withdrawal + endurance exercises, withdrawal + resistance exercises, and withdrawal + concurrent exercises. The rats practiced endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercises for 10 weeks. Then, their intestines were removed and used for biochemical and histological analysis. Next, several factors were measured such as total protein levels, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant status (TOS). Finally, the morphological alteration of intestine was examined under the light microscope. Results: Morphine withdrawal significantly increased the levels of MDA in the intestine of withdrawal rats compared to those of the control group while endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise reduced the MDA levels in the intestine. In addition, morphine withdrawal led to a decrease in TAC and GSH levels in the intestine compared to control rats whereas endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise noticeably increased TAC and GSH levels. Interestingly, the change in the concurrent group was more significant. Moreover, the levels of TOS demonstrated a significant increase in the addicted rat as compared to the control group. Conversely, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly decreased TOS levels and the reduction was more significant in the concurrent group. Finally, the intestine of withdrawal rat was morphologically abnormal while it restored by the exercise. Conclusion: Overall, endurance, resistance, and concurrent exercise significantly normalized oxidative stress and the morphological changes of the intestine in withdrawal rats.

scholarly journals THE ROLE AND SIGNIFICANCE OF MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN INTRAORGAN VESSELS IN ANIMALS DURING PATHOGENESIS OF BABESIOSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-164
Author(s):  
I. I. Torianyk
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Histological Study ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Wild Mouse ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Standard Fixation ◽  
Species Taxonomy

The aim of this study is to investigate morphological changes in intraorgan vessels and their role in susceptible animals in the pathogenesis of babesiosis. The material of the study included the intraorgan vessels of domestic dogs with clinically and laboratory confirmed babesiosis and wild mouse-like rodents from latent foci of babesiosis in Volyn, Zhitomir, Kiev, Poltava, Sumy, Kharkov, Chernigov regions. For histological study, we used standard fixation in a 12% aqueous formalin solution in phosphate buffer (pH = 7.0-7.2). After the post-fixation and dehydration, the samples were placed into paraffin blocks; then a series of histological slices (5 μm) were prepared. The preparations were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, according to Van Gieson technique. All test animals, regardless of the species taxonomy, were divided into two groups. The control group included clinically healthy animals (∑ = 36). The group under clinical study consisted of animals with clinically and laboratory confirmed babesiosis (∑ = 91). Histological changes in intraorgan vessels in the control group corresponded to the anatomical and functional parameters in the health. The preparations taken from the group with basesiosis demonstrate that microvessels are branched, different in size, spasmodic; their walls have signs of delamination and through lesions. Delamination developed gradually, started with the detachment of a small horizontal fragment of the outer layer. Defects in the integrity of microvessels resulted in penetrations; there was an active diapedesis of erythrocytes into the periovascular space. The accumulation of erythrocytes directed to the areas of connective tissue, branching of blood vessels, and fatty fragments. Hemorrhages were local in nature, concentrated in the form of small blurred foci of irregular shape. In the pathogenesis of babesiosis, the defects in the walls of blood vessels with their further penetration and dissection, hemorrhages, microvesiculation of the endothelium, and its desquamation play a critical role. Other manifestations included the development of intravascular blood coagulation, thrombosis, stasis, microcirculation disorders followed by ischemia, destructive and degenerative changes in the walls of blood vessels.

scholarly journals Literature Review: Global Neonicotinoid Insecticide Occurrence in Aquatic Environments

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 3388
Author(s):  
Josephus F. Borsuah ◽  
Tiffany L. Messer ◽  
Daniel D. Snow ◽  
Steve D. Comfort ◽  
Aaron R. Mittelstet
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Fate And Transport ◽  
Transport Mechanisms ◽  
The World ◽  
Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽  
Negative Impacts

Neonicotinoids have been the most commonly used insecticides since the early 1990s. Despite their efficacy in improving crop protection and management, these agrochemicals have gained recent attention for their negative impacts on non-target species such as honeybees and aquatic invertebrates. In recent years, neonicotinoids have been detected in rivers and streams across the world. Determining and predicting the exposure potential of neonicotinoids in surface water requires a thorough understanding of their fate and transport mechanisms. Therefore, our objective was to provide a comprehensive review of neonicotinoids with a focus on their fate and transport mechanisms to and within surface waters and their occurrence in waterways throughout the world. A better understanding of fate and transport mechanisms will enable researchers to accurately predict occurrence and persistence of insecticides entering surface waters and potential exposure to non-target organisms in agricultural intensive regions. This review has direct implications on how neonicotinoids are monitored and degraded in aquatic ecosystems. Further, an improved understanding of the fate and transport of neonicotinoids aide natural resource practitioners in the development and implementation of effective best management practices to reduce the potential impact and exposure of neonicotinoids in waterways and aquatic ecosystems.

scholarly journals Varroa Destructor and the Sustainability of Apis Mellifera - an Overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Alexandru Ioan GIURGIU ◽  
Adela Ramona MOISE ◽  
Daniel Severus DEZMIREAN
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Natural Host ◽  
Parasite Population ◽  
World Today ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitic Mite ◽  
Honeybee Health ◽  
Global Threat

Varroa destructor is a parasitic mite that represents a major global threat for the Western honeybee Apis mellifera. This parasite managed to switch from its natural host the Eastern honeybee, A. cerana, and within a few decades, it spread among A. mellifera populations around the world. Today beekeepers are using a variety of different acaricides to keep the parasite population under control. However, for many of these substances, the parasite evolved resistance asking for the development of novel compounds. Hence the treatment is less suited as a sustainable tool in honeybee health; consequently, other alternative options are needed, and breeding of Varroa resistant honeybees have been suggested as a more sustainable solution. Here we reviewed the successful efforts and the apicultural procedures needed to be implemented to achieve resistant honeybees. We also describe the underlying resistance mechanisms and discuss the benefits of breeding within regional populations, considering the biodiversity aspects of A. mellifera.

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF SOME SALTS 2-AMINOETHANESULFONIC ACID IN AN EXPERIMENTAL MODEL OF DEGENERATIVE SPINAL CORD INJURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Semeleva E.V. ◽  
Blinova E.V. ◽  
Zaborovsky A.V. ◽  
Vasilkina O.V. ◽  
Shukurov A.S.
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Zinc Salt ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Acid Compound ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

In this work, we studied the pharmacological activity of zinc and magnesium salts of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid in white non-linear male rats with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, which was modeled by neurotoxicantsimplication into the pelvic part of spinal cord. After the reproduction of the pathology in animals, the indices of motor activity were recorded in the Rotarod test, and morphological studies of spinal cord sections stained according to Nisl in the Belshovsky modification were carried out. It was shown that the magnesium salt of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid (compound LHT-317) to a greater extent reduces the development of motor disorders in experimental animals compared with the control group on the 4th day of observation. The course of intravenous administration of the studied compounds of 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid did not inhibit morphological changes in the spinal cord that develop in degenerative-dystrophic pathology of the central nervous system: connections. Moreover, if, against the background of treatment with zinc salt, the total area of motor zones in animals of the experimental group exceeded that of control rats, then the number of motoneurons did not differ from the control.

Postmortem Specificity of Troponin for Acute Miocard Infarction Diagnosis throug Qualitative Dosing from Pericardial Fluid

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2482-2486
Author(s):  
Iuliana Hunea ◽  
Simona Irina Damian ◽  
Carmen Corina Radu ◽  
Sorin Moldoveanu ◽  
Tatiana Iov
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Cardiac Death ◽  
Cardiac Disease ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Troponin T ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Pericardial Fluid ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Lethal Arrhythmia ◽  
Myocardial Lesions

Cardiac disease is the leading cause of death, and sudden cardiac death occupies the first place in sudden deaths of natural causes. Sudden cardiac death due to lethal arrhythmia may be the first manifestation of a cardiac disease, such cases becoming suspect dead, thus forensic cases. The autopsy performed in such cases may reveal important cardiovascular disease but not obvious macroscopic or histological changes of acute myocardial infarction (IMA), except for cases of survival for several hours after the onset of the symptomatology. Biochemical markers were used to test for myocardial lesions in the absence of morphological changes. Methods for determining myoglobin, CK-MB, troponin T (cTn T), troponin I (cTn I) were introduced to the clinic to diagnose the condition of patients with chest pain as early as the 1990s. The lack of pathognomonic elements in corps investigations, where part of the analysis cannot be carried out, requires verification of the value of the investigations that can be carried out, with reference to the biochemical in the present case, in establishing the diagnosis with certainty.

Modulation effects of hexamethylene bisacetamide on growth and differentiation of cultured human malignant glioma cells

1996 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Nan Li ◽  
Zi-Wei Du ◽  
Qiang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Malignant Glioma ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Cycle Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Hexamethylene Bisacetamide ◽  
Human Malignant Glioma

✓ The modulation effects of hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), a differentiation-inducing agent, on growth and differentiation of cells from human malignant glioma cell line SHG-44 were studied. At cytostatic doses (2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, and 10 mM for 15 days), HMBA exerted a marked inhibitory effect on cell proliferation. Exposure to HMBA (5 mM and 10 mM for 12 days) also resulted in an accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase and a decrease of cells in S phase as analyzed by flow cytometry. The reversible effects of 7.5 mM HMBA and 10 mM HMBA on cell proliferation and 10 mM HMBA on disruption of cell cycle distribution were observed when HMBA was removed from culture media on Day 6 and replaced with HMBA-free media. Colony-forming efficiency (CFE) in soft agar was remarkably decreased by HMBA (2.5 mM, 5 mM, 7.5 mM, and 10 mM for 14 days), and in 7.5 mM HMBA— and 10 mM HMBA—treated cells, the CFEs were reduced to 25% and 12.5%, respectively, of that in untreated cells. Cells treated with HMBA (5 mM and 10 mM for 15 days) remained tumorigenic in athymic nude mice, but the growth rates of the xenografts were much slower than those in the control group. The effects of HMBA on cell proliferation, cell cycle distribution, CFE, and growth of xenografts were dose dependent. A more mature phenotype was confirmed by the morphological changes from spindle shape to large polygonal stellate shape and remarkably elevated expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in cells exposed to HMBA (5 mM, 10 mM for 15 days). Our results showed that a more differentiated phenotype with marked growth arrest was induced in SHG-44 cells by HMBA.

scholarly journals Effect of Honey and Syrup Diets Enriched with 1,3-1,6 β-Glucans on Honeybee Survival Rate and Phenoloxidase Activity (Apis mellifera L. 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Simona Sagona ◽  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Elena Tafi ◽  
Matteo Giusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect ◽  
Combined Action

β-glucans can activate the animal innate immune system by acting as immune-modulators and inducing various stimulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans administered orally for 96 h on Apis mellifera workers (newly emerged and nurse bees). β-glucans were included in honey and syrup. Survival rate and phenoloxidase activity were measured. In both newly emerged and nurse bees, β-glucans supplementation did not affect survival rate (p > 0.05). Conversely, phenoloxidase activity was higher in both newly emerged bees (p = 0.048) and nurse bees (p = 0.014) fed with a honey diet enriched with β-glucans compared to those fed with only honey. In both the newly emerged and nurse bees, no statistical differences in phenoloxidase activity were recorded between the group fed with a syrup-based diet enriched with β-glucans and the control group (p > 0.05). The absence of significant variation in survival suggests that the potential negative effect of β-glucans in healthy bees could be mitigated by their metabolism. Conversely, the inclusion of β-glucans in a honey-based diet determined an increase of phenoloxidase activity, suggesting that the effect of β-glucan inclusion in the diet of healthy bees on phenoloxidase activity could be linked to the type of base-diet. Further investigations on β-glucans metabolism in bees, on molecular mechanism of phenoloxidase activation by 1,3-1,6 β-glucans, and relative thresholds are desirable. Moreover, investigation on the combined action of honey and β-glucans on phenoloxidase activity are needed.

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