scholarly journals Times of Trinexapac-ethyl application associated to plant densities in agronomic performance of second-season corn

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e39310914751
Author(s):  
Mariana Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Claudemir Zucareli ◽  
Allan Ricardo Domingues ◽  
Lucas Augusto de Assis Moraes ◽  
Leandro Teodoski Spolaor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
State University ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant growth regulators, which can alter the plant size and anatomy, allow the use of cultivars of interest that do not have a modern leaf architecture, making higher plant densities possible. The objective of this study was to evaluate the agronomic performance of second season corn, grown at different plant densities and under Trinexapac-ethyl applications at different stages of crop development. The field study was carried out in two growing seasons (2013 and 2014), at the Fazenda Escola of the State University of Londrina. Fifteen treatments were evaluated in a randomized block, 5 x 3 factorial design, at five plant densities (40,000, 60,000, 80,000, 100,000 and 120,000 plants per hectare), of Trinexapac-ethyl applied in three stages: control (no application), V6 and V9, with four replications. The morphological plant characteristics, the yield components and grain yield were evaluated. Increases in plant density raise the plant height, reduce the number of grains per ear, ear length and 100-kernel weight, and have no influence on grain yield. The application of Trinexapac-ethyl in stage V9 reduces plant and ear insertion height and 100-kernel weight.

scholarly journals Patterns of tillering and grain production of winter wheat at a wide range of plant densities.

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Darwinkel
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Plant Densities

The effect of plant density on the growth and productivity of the various ear-bearing stems of winter wheat was studied in detail to obtain information on the pattern of grain production of crops grown under field conditions. Strong compensation effects were measured: a 160-fold increase in plant density (5-800 plants/m2) finally resulted in a 3-fold increase in grain yield (282 to 850 g DM/m2). Max. grain yield was achieved at 100 plants/m2, which corresponded to 430 ears/m2 and to about 19 000 grains/m2. At higher plant densities more ears and more grains were produced, but grain yield remained constant. Tillering/plant was largely favoured by low plant densities because these allowed tiller formation to continue for a longer period and a greater proportion of tillers produced ears. However, at higher plant densities more tillers/unit area were formed and, despite a higher mortality, more ears were produced. The productivity of individual ears, from main stems as well as from tillers, decreased with increasing plant density and with later emergence of shoots. In the range from 5 to 800 plants/m2 grain yield/ear decreased from 2.40 to 1.14 g DM. At 800 plants/m2 nearly all ears originated from main stems, but with decreasing plant density tillers contributed increasingly to the number of ears. At 5 plants/m2, there were 23 ears/plant and grain yield/ear ranged from 4.20 (main stem) to 1.86 g DM (late-formed stems). Grain number/ear was reduced at higher densities and on younger stems, because there were fewer fertile spikelets and fewer grains in these spikelets. At the low density of 5 plants/m2, plants developed solitarily and grain yield/ear was determined by the number of grains/ear as well as by grain wt. Above 400 ears/m2, in this experiment reached at 100 plants/m2 and more, grain yield/ear depended solely on grain number, because the wt. of grains of the various stems were similar. The harvest index showed a max. of about 44% at a moderate plant density; at this density nearly max. grain yield was achieved. At low plant densities the harvest index decreased from 45% in main stems to about 36% in late-formed stems. However, no differences in harvest index existed between the various ear-bearing stems if the number of ears exceeded 400/m2. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

Comparative Response of Conventional and Quality Protein Maize Hybrids to High Population Densities in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
O B Bello
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Quality Protein Maize ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Guinea Savanna ◽  
Plant Densities

Optimum plant population is very important in enhancing high and stable grain yield especially in quality protein maize (QPM) production. A field trial was therefore conducted to compare the performance of six hybrids (three each of QPM and normal endosperm) at three population densities using a split-plot design at the sub-station of the Lower Niger River Basin Development Authority, Oke-Oyi, in the southern Guinea savanna zone of Nigeria during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons. Plant population -1 densities (53,333, 66,666, and 88,888 plants ha ) constituted the main plots and the six hybrids were assigned to the subplots, replicated three times. Our results showed a differential response of maize -1 hybrids to high densities, with plant populations above 53,333 plants ha reduced grain yield, and this is more pronounced in QPM than normal endosperm hybrids. This is contrary to the results observed in many other countries. This might be that the hybrids were selected in low yield potential area at low plant densities, and hence not tolerant to plant density stress. It may also be due to low yield potential of the experimental site, which does not allow yield increases at high plant densities. Though normal endosperm hybrids 0103-11 and 0103-15 as well as QPM Dada-ba were superior for grain yield among -1 the hybrids at 53,333 plants ha , hybrid 0103-11 was most outstanding. Therefore, genetic improvement of QPM and normal endosperm hybrids for superior stress tolerance and high yield could be enhanced by selection at higher plant population densities.

scholarly journals Growth regulator and maize response to the increase in plant density

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 997-1005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucieli Santini Leolato ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Murilo Miguel Durli ◽  
Fernando Panison ◽  
Ramon Voss
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Maize Response

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of application of the growth regulator Trinexapac-ethyl on maize response to the increase in plant density at two sowing dates. A field experiment was carried out in the municipality of Lages, state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, during the 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 growing seasons. Two sowing dates (10/15 - preferential, and 12/5 - late), four plant densities (5, 7, 9, and 11 plants m-2), with and without Trinexapac-ethyl application, were tested. The growth regulator was sprayed at a rate of 150 g a.i. ha-1, when hybrid P30F53YH was at the V5 and V10 growth stages. The spraying of Trinexapac-ethyl decreased the stem length above the ear insertion node at both growing seasons. Grain yield ranged from 11,422 to 14,805 kg ha-1, and increased in a quadratic way with the increment in plant density. The highest yields were reached when maize was sown in October. The spraying of Trinexapac-ethyl did not affect grain yield, but decreased the 1,000 kernels mass at both sowing dates. The use of Trinexapac-ethyl does not enhance grain yield of maize hybrid P30F53YH at crowded stands in response to the densification, regardless of sowing time.

scholarly journals Tillering does not interfere on white oat grain yield response to plant density

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Luiz de Almeida ◽  
Luís Sangoi ◽  
Márcio Ender ◽  
Anderson Fernando Wamser
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Individual Plant ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Plant Densities

Plant density is one of the cropping practices that has the largest impact on individual plant growth. This work was conducted to evaluate the response of white oat (Avena sativa) cultivars with contrasting tillering patterns to variations in plant density. Two field experiments were carried out in Lages, SC, Brazil, during the 1998 and 1999 growing seasons. A split plot experimental design was used. Four oat cultivars were tested in the main plots: UFRGS 14, UFRGS 18, UPF 16 and UPF 17 using five plant densities split plots: 50, 185, 320, 455 and 550 plants m-2. Five plant samples were taken 25, 34, 48, 58 and 70 days after plant emergence to assess the treatment effects on dry matter partition between main stem and tillers. UFRGS 18 promoted dry matter allocation to tillers whereas UPF 17 directed dry mass mostly to the main stem. Differences in dry mass allocation between the main stem and tillers had no impact on grain yield, UPF 16 presenting the highest values for both growing seasons. The lack of interaction between population density and cultivar and the small effect of plant population on grain yield indicates that the oat tillering ability is not fundamental to define its grain yield.

scholarly journals Agronomic and economic viability of intercropping onion and lettuce

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wagner F da Mota ◽  
Rosimeire D Pereira ◽  
Gizeli de S Santos ◽  
Janiele Cássia B Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Agronomic Performance ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Factorial Treatments ◽  
Set Up

The study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and economic performance of intercropping onion and lettuce on four plant densities of each species. The experiment was set up in completely randomized blocks, with four replications and treatments arranged in a 4 x 4 factorial. Treatments resulted from a combination of four (100, 80, 60, and 40% of recommended plant densities in monoculture) plant densities for both lettuce and onion. Intercropping did not affect the agronomic performance of onion or lettuce. Higher plant densities (100% for both vegetables) resulted in higher lettuce and onion yields. The best economic results were observed using (a) onion at 80% of plant density combined with lettuce at 40 and 100% and (b) onion at 100% and lettuce at all densities (40 to 100%).

scholarly journals Effect of Plant Density on Yield and Plant Characters of Twelve Corn Hybrids and Selections

1969 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
A. Sotomayor-Rios ◽  
C. Torres ◽  
M. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Ear Height ◽  
Rust Severity

Twelve corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids and selections were evaluated for yield and other plant characters at densities of 45,000 and 90,000 plants/ ha. The study showed no yield advantage when densities were increased to 90,000 plants/ha. Significant differences among entries were observed in time to midsilk, ear height, plant height, test weight, weight of 1000 kernels, rust severity, and yield. No population-density x entry interaction for these characters was observed. Significant differences between population densities and among entries were observed in diameter of the third internode and number of ears per plot. Hybrid Pioneer 304C had the highest yield; Mayorbela, the highest test weight; Diente de Caballo and Pioneer 3068, the highest 1 000-kernel weight; and PR-Mp4 and Pioneer 3068, the lowest rust rating. The yields of Pioneer 304C, Pioneer 105A, Pioneer 3068, and PR-3 were very similar at both plant densities, while those of Pioneer 3048 and PR-Mo2 were higher by 27 and 20%, respectively, at the higher plant density. In six entries (PR-Mp4, DeKalb B-666, PR-Mo2 x Pr-3, Diente de Caballo, Mayorbela, and DeKalb B-660) yield was from 33 to 14% lower at the higher plant density.

scholarly journals GENOTIPSKI ODGOVOR NS HIBRIDA KUKURUZA NA POVEĆANU GUSTINU USEVA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivica Djalovic ◽  
◽  
Vuk Radojevic ◽  
Vojislav Mihailovic ◽  
Sanja Vasiljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Use Efficiency

Maize density is an important factor in cultivation which has significant effect on growth parameters. Newer hybrids have greater grain yield at higher plant densities than older hybrids. Differences in grain yield between older and newer maize hybrids were shown to be a function of plant population density. Optimum plant density for maximum grain yield per unit area may differ from hybrid to hybrid on account of significant interactions between hybrids and densities. Modern hybrids have shown tendencies to withstand higher levels of stress (i.e.- low N, high plant densities), which allow them to better sustain suitable photosynthetic rates, appropriate assimilate supplies, and maintain plant growth rates attributable to enhanced mineral nutrition and water use efficiency.

scholarly journals Effect of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Johanna Winkler ◽  
Maria Bernhart ◽  
Michael A. Pucher ◽  
Martin Klug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lower Plant

Summary Soybean crop management have not been studied much in Central Europe as compared with cereals. We assessed the effect of variety, row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertilization on yields and yield components of soybean in a two-year experiment in Gleisdorf, Austria. The varieties Lenka, Naya and Xonia were tested in row spacings of 13 cm, 38 cm and 76 cm with 30 germinable seeds m−2. Additionally, 60 seeds m−2 were tested at 13 cm row spacing, and 38 cm row spacing was additionally established with N fertilization. Faster soil coverage was obtained with a high seeding rate or narrower row spacings. First pod height differed between varieties and increased with higher seeding rate. Grain yield was not affected by treatments but yield components differed. The widest row spacing resulted in a lower plant density but more pods plant−1, grains plant−1, grains pod−1 (in one year) and a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW). The higher seeding rate resulted in a higher plant density but less pods plant−1 whereas grains pod−1 and TKW did not differ. N fertilization did not affect the grain yield. Correlation analysis showed a high adaptability of soybean to different seeding rates and row spacings through modulation of yield components.

EFFECT OF PLANT DENSITY ON YIELD, YIELD COMPONENTS AND QUALITY IN TRITICALE AND GLENLEA WHEAT

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GEBRE-MARIAM ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Lysine Content ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Kernel Number ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Triticosecale Wittmack ◽  
X Triticosecale Wittmack

Three cultivars of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and wheat (T. aestivum L. em Thell ’Glenlea’) were used to study the influence of plant density on grain yield, yield components, and protein and lysine content. Three plant densities, 140, 280 and 420 plants/m2 were tested at three locations. Significant differences were found between Glenlea and the triticales, and among the three triticales for all characters investigated. Although grain yield was not significantly affected, 1000-kernel weight, kernel number per spike, and number of fertile spikes per plant exhibited a highly significant linear decrease with increased plant density. Protein level and lysine content, however, were not influenced by density.

GRAIN YIELD COMPARISON OF PURE STANDS AND MIXTURES OF DIFFERENT PROPORTIONS FOR TWO HYBRIDS OF MAIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 481-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. J. HOEKSTRA ◽  
L. W. KANNENBERG ◽  
B. R. CHRISTIE
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Pure Stand ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Data Support ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Corn Grain ◽  
Corn Grain Yield

The objective of this study was to determine the effects on grain yield of growing cultivars in mixtures of different proportions. Two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids, Pride 116 and United 106, were grown for 2 yr in pure stand and in seven mixtures of different proportions (7:1, 6:2, 5:3, 4:4, 3:5, 2:6, 1:7) at plant densities of 61 500, 99 400, and 136 000 plants per hectare. The total number of mixture combinations was 42, i.e. 2 years × three densities × seven proportions. All but one mixture yielded as expected based on the yield of component hybrids in pure stand. The higher yielding hybrid (United 106) yielded significantly less grain per plant in mixtures than in pure stand. The lower yielding hybrid (Pride 116) yielded more in mixtures than in pure stand, although the difference was not significant. These data support previous observations that the ability of a hybrid to yield in pure stands is not necessarily related to its ability to yield in mixtures. High plant densities appear to enhance the likelihood of interactions occurring among hybrids. For United 106, the number of proportions yielding less grain per plant than in pure stand was highly significant at the two higher plant densities. For Pride 116, the number of proportions yielding more than in pure stand was highly significant at the highest plant density.Key words: Corn, grain yield, mixtures of different proportions, high plant densities, Zea mays

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