scholarly journals Force degradation of nickel-titanium closed coil springs: an in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e2669108488
Author(s):  
Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Caroline de Vitto ◽  
Leonardo Filipe Conceição ◽  
Gregório Bonfim Dourado ◽  
Graziela Hernandes Volpato ◽  
...  

Objective: evaluation of the forces resulting from the initial stretching of closed Nickel-titanium springs and the degradation of these forces after 28 days of stretching. Methodology: The sample comprised 80 Morelli Nickel-titanium closed coil springs, divided into 4 groups of 20 according to their length, 7, 9, 12 and 15mm. In each group, 10 spring coils suffered distension in 50 and 100% of its original length and were maintained in devices to simulate the distension. The resulting forces were measured with a tensiometer and compared with the force described by the manufacturer on the spring packaging (200 grams force). Measurements were performed in 2 time-points; right after the initial strain (T1) and after 28 days (T2), when the devices were kept in artificial saliva at a temperature of 37°C. For the statistical analysis, the Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the forces in T1 with the manufacturer's value and the paired t test to compare the forces between T1 and T2. In all statistical tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted. Result: In T1 the springs of 9, 12 and 15mm stretched by 50% showed significantly lower values ​​and the springs of 7 and 15mm stretched by 100% showed significantly higher values, both compared with the manufacturer's recommendation. All groups of springs showed significant degradation of forces between T1 and T2, with percentage rates of force degradation from 7.1 to 21.9%. Conclusion: It is necessary to measure the forces of the springs during orthodontic treatment, aiming to establish an optimal force for tooth movement and thus optimizing the total treatment time.

Author(s):  
Larissa Gomes ◽  
Renata Almeida-Pedrin ◽  
Victor Ladewig ◽  
Victor Didier ◽  
Joel Santiago ◽  
...  

O objetivo deste estudo consistiu em comparar a degradação de força de cinco cores diferentes de elásticos corrente, a fim de buscar parâmetros clínicos para o uso desses elásticos nas terapias ortodônticas. Foram avaliados 10 segmentos com 6 elos de elásticos corrente de força média da marca Morelli, das cores preto, cinza, azul, rosa e transparente, provenientes de embalagens seladas e dentro do prazo de validade. Os elásticos foram distendidos até o dobro de seu comprimento e mantidos por dispositivos simples com duas pontas de metal, simulando o uso contínuo dos elásticos por parte dos pacientes. Esses dispositivos foram submersos em saliva artificial a 370C dentro de recipientes mantidos em estufa.  As forças dos segmentos de elásticos foram mensuradas com um dinamômetro ortodôntico de precisão ao início e nos intervalos de 1, 7,14, 21 e 30 dias após a imersão, e a média de força para cada grupo e tempo foi calculada. A Análise de variância (ANOVA) a dois critérios (tempo e grupos) e o teste de Tukey foram utilizados para a análise dos dados. Em todos os testes estatísticos foi adotado um nível de significância de 5%. Todas as cores de elásticos degradaram com o tempo, sendo a porcentagem média de degradação após 1 dia de 40,4%; 7 dias 48,2%; 14 dias 56,8%; 21 dias 65% e 81% após 30 dias. Entretanto, há diferença de degradação de força entre as cores dos elásticos. Os elásticos Transparente e Azul apresentaram menor degradação da força, sendo que após 30 dias o elástico Transparente se mostrou mais efetivo, seguido do Azul, Cinza, Preto e Rosa. Mesmo com a diferença na degradação de força entre as cores dos elásticos, esses dados não apresentam relevância clínica se utilizados por até 14 dias, após esse período seria melhor a utilização do elástico Transparente.   Palavras-chave: Ortodontia. Látex. Elasticidade   Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the force degradation of five different colors of elastomeric chains, in order to achieve clinical parameters for the use of these elastics in orthodontic therapies. The sample was composed by 10 segments with 6 links (medium force) for each color of elastomeric chain (Morelli); black, gray, blue, pink and transparent, from sealed packages and within the expiration date. The elastics were stretched twice their length and maintained by simple devices with two metal tips, simulating the continuous use of the elastics by the patients. These devices were submerged in artificial saliva at 370C to simulate the oral environment. The  elastic segments strengths were measured with a precision orthodontic dynamometer at the beginning and at intervals of 1, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after immersion, and the mean strength for each group and time was calculated. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with two criteria (time and groups) and the Tukey test were used for data analysis. In all statistical tests, a significance level of 5% was adopted. All the  elastics colors degraded over time, with the average  degradation percentage after 1 day being 40.4%; 7 days 48.2%; 14 days 56.8%; 21 days 65% and 81% after 30 days. However, there is a difference in force degradation among the  elastics colors. The Transparent and Blue elastics showed less force degradation, and after 30 days the Transparent elastic was more effective, followed by Blue, Gray, Black and Pink. Even with the difference in force degradation among the  elastics colors, these data are not clinically relevant they are used for up to 14 days, after that period it would be better to use the Transparent elastic.   Keywords: Orthodontics. Latex. Elasticity


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinit Singh ◽  
Swati Acharya ◽  
Satyabrata Patnaik ◽  
Smruti Bhusan Nanda

Introduction: During sliding mechanics, frictional resistance is an important counterforce to orthodontic tooth movement; whichmust be controlled to allow application of light continuous forces.Objective: To investigate static and kinetic frictional resistance between three orthodontic brackets: ceramic, self-ligating, andstainless steel, and three 0.019×0.025” archwires: stainless steel, nickel-titanium, titanium-molybdenum.Materials & Method: The in vitro study compared the effects of stainless steel, nickel-titanium, and beta-titanium archwires onfrictional forces of three orthodontic bracket systems: ceramic, self-ligating, and stainless steel brackets. All brackets had 0.022”slots, and the wires were 0.019×0.025”. Friction was evaluated in a simulated half-arch fixed appliance on a testing machine. Thestatic and kinetic friction data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc Duncan multiple rangetest.Result: Self-ligating (Damon) brackets generated significantly lower static and kinetic frictional forces than stainless steel (Gemini)and ceramic brackets (Clarity). Among the archwire materials, Beta-titanium showed the maximum amount of frictional forceand stainless steel archwires had the lowest frictional force.Conclusion: The static and kinetic frictional force for stainless steel bracket was lowest in every combination of wire.


Author(s):  
Bogdan R. SHUMILOVICH ◽  
Stanislav V. MIKLYAEV

Abstract. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the degree of root channel transport and the level of centering of the three most practical endodontic nickel-titanium rotary systems HyFlex EDM, Protaper NEXT and M-two using conical beam computed tomography data. In total, we selected 45 removed from periodontological indications of the first upper jaw molars with fully formed apical sections for the study. A prerequisite for the study was the presence of МВ1 and МВ2 in the anterior buccal root. We randomized all teeth into 3 groups (n = 15) and prepared samples using the files HyFlex EDM, Protaper NEXT and M-two. We evaluated the centering capacity and volume of channel transport by comparing preoperative and postoperative micro-CT scans. We used ANOVA tests, the classification trees method, and the forecast deviation calculation for statistical analysis. The significance level was at 0.05. The channels prepared by means of HyFlex EDM showed the minimum values of extent of transportation of root canals at all three levels (3, 5 and 7 mm from an apical konstriktion) that it connects with a unique design of cross section of a working part of the tool. Maximum channel transport was with M-two in the coronary (7 mm) and middle (5 mm) third. When analyzing centering abilities, channels prepared using the HyFlex EDM and Protaper NEXT system showed maximum values at all three levels compared to M-two files. The channels prepared by means of HyFlex EDM had the minimum values of transportation of the channel at all three levels of a root canal. Optimal mechanical preparation of root channels for the parameters studied at all levels was achieved using the tools HyFlex EDM and Protaper NEXT.


Author(s):  
Asma Fatima ◽  
Prasad Konda ◽  
Asiya Fatima ◽  
Hidayathulla Shaikh ◽  
Butool Zohra ◽  
...  

Background: The ability to close space efficiently in Orthodontics is of major clinical importance. Elastomeric power chain, coil spring, and tiebacks are commonly used in Orthodontics to achieve tooth movement during the closure of spaces. Many mouth rinses which are used by the patients to achieve good oral hygiene affect the properties of the material used during treatment resulting in force decay if they contain alcohol. Aim: To know the effect of mouth rinses containing different alcohol Concentrations on the force decay of retraction materials. Materials and Methods: A study was carried out to test the effect of alcohol exposure found in mouth rinses on orthodontic NiTi closing coils, elastomeric chains, and tie-back. A total of 135 specimens were divided into one control group and two test groups submerged in artificial saliva at 37⁰ C. Two test groups each of them exposed to different alcohol-containing mouthwashes (Listerine and Povidone-iodine) for 60 seconds twice a day and the control group were exposed only to deionized (DI) water for 28 days. Force measurements were taken at six-time points (initial, 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days) using a digital force gauge. Results: The comparison between the tensile strength was made by digital force gauge and the p-value (≤ 0.05) for tensile strength was derived by ANOVA test, multiple comparisons, and Tukey’s correction. Significant force decay was seen in test groups when compared to the control group. Conclusion: Force degradation of retraction products used during orthodontic treatment was effected by mouth rinses containing alcohol.


2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 882-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Eltimamy ◽  
Fouad Aly El-Sharaby ◽  
Faten Hussien Eid ◽  
Amr Emad El-Dakrory

AIM: Acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement has gained a massive interest to decrease the total treatment time. Local pharmacological agents might be used for that purpose as a practical, effective and inexpensive alternative. A systematic review was achieved to evaluate the evidence in that topic. METHODS: A search was conducted on electronic databases including PubMed, Lilacs, Web of Science (Thompson Reuters), EMBASE (OvidSP), and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Wiley) in addition to hand searching of relevant journals till June 2018. Only studies written in English were utilised. Publications were selected, assessed systematically and graded by two observers according to Bondemark grading system. RESULTS: Only two human studies were found investigating the effect of Relaxin and Prostaglandins in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. No obvious side effects were reported. Relaxin showed no increase in the rate of tooth movement while prostaglandin showed a marked increase in the rate of orthodontic tooth movement. CONCLUSION: There is below moderate evidence showing no effect of relaxin on orthodontic tooth movement, while inconclusive evidence was found regarding Prostaglandin in the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement. More prospective well-conducted clinical trials are needed to reach a proper conclusion regarding the local pharmacological agents which can be safely used to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement.  


Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3279
Author(s):  
Javier Moyano ◽  
Laia Mases ◽  
Telmo Izeta ◽  
Teresa Flores ◽  
Javier Fernández-Bozal ◽  
...  

Many advantages have been described surrounding self-ligating (SL) brackets compared to metallic conventional ligating (CL) brackets, such as: Less total treatment time, alignment efficiency, patient comfort, plaque retention, and low friction. The objective of this in vitro simulation was to know the variables that affect arch displacement in CL and SL brackets—active (ASL) and passive (PSL)—and analyze if static friction values are affected by bracket design, arch wire section, kind of ligature, and use of a friction reducer agent (FRA) in a wet state. Larger values of static friction were found in CL with metallic ligature (ML) (8.01 ± 1.08 N/mm) and elastic ligature (EL) (6.96 ± 0.48 N/mm). Lower values were found in PSL brackets combined with FRA (0.58 ± 0.21 N/mm). The study was carried out using different stereographical models of a maxillary upper right quadrant with canine, first and second premolar, and first molar bonded brackets. A section of 25 mm of 0.019 × 0.025” stainless steel arch with a rectangular section (SS) and hybrid section (HY) was inserted into the different bracket models. Static friction values were collected using a universal test machine in wet conditions and testing the effect of a friction reducer agent (FRA). To assure the reliability of the study, different wire combinations were repeated after two weeks by the same operator and a linear analysis of regression was done. Each bracket model analysis—with the different wires, use of the FRA, and comparison among brackets in similar conditions—was done using an ANOVA test with a confidence interval of 95% and comparative Post-Hoc tests (LSD). In this in vitro simulation we found higher static friction values in CL compared to ASL and PSL. In PSL, lower values were achieved. CL brackets using ML showed the highest static friction values with a great variability. In this setting, the use of HY wires did not reduce static friction values in ASL and PSL, while in CL brackets with EL friction the values were reduced significantly. An FRA combined with ASL reduced significantly static friction values but not with PSL. In the case of CL, the FRA effect was higher with SS and better than with HY wires. ML values were similar to ASL static friction. The direct extrapolation of the results might be inaccurate, since all these findings should be tested clinically to be validated.


2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Sabatini ◽  
JH Kim ◽  
P Ortiz Alias

SUMMARY Inhibition of endogenous dentin matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) by benzalkonium chloride (BAC) decreases collagen solubilization and may help improve resin-dentin bond stability. Objective: This study evaluated the resin-dentin bond stability of experimental adhesive blends containing BAC and the stability of dentin matrices by assessing the mass loss and collagen solubilization from dentin beams pretreated with BAC. Materials and Methods Twenty-five healthy molars were used for the bond strength evaluation of a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Adper Single Bond Plus, SB) modified with BAC or not. The following groups were tested: 1) SB with no inhibitor (control); 2) topical 2.0% chlorhexidine + SB; 3) 1.0% BAC etchant + SB; 4) 0.5% BAC-SB; and 5) 1.0% BAC-SB. Microtensile bond strength (μTBS) and failure mode distribution under standard error of the mean were evaluated after 24 hours and six months of storage in artificial saliva (AS). A two-way analysis of variance and Tukey test with a significance level of p<0.05 was used for data analysis. In addition, 30 completely demineralized dentin beams from human molars were either dipped in deionized water (DW, control) or dipped in 0.5% and 1.0% BAC for 60 seconds, and then incubated in AS. Collagen solubilization was assessed by evaluating the dry mass loss and quantifying the amount of hydroxyproline (HYP) released from hydrolyzed specimens after four weeks of incubation. Results The control group demonstrated lower μTBS than some of the experimental groups containing BAC at 24 hours and six months (p<0.05). When BAC was incorporated into the adhesive blend in concentrations of 0.5% and 1.0%, no reduction in dentin bond strength was observed after six months (p<0.05). Less mass loss and HYP release was seen for dentin matrices pretreated with BAC relative to the control pretreated with DW (p<0.05). Conclusion This in vitro study demonstrates that BAC contributes to the preservation of resin-dentin bonds by reducing collagen degradation.


2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Assed Bezerra Silva ◽  
Fernanda Regina Ribeiro Santos ◽  
Augusto Cesar Cropanese Spadaro ◽  
Ana Cristina Morseli Polizello ◽  
Andiara De Rossi ◽  
...  

The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the amount and profile of fluoride release from a fluoride-containing nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric® N-Ceram) by direct potentiometry. Thirty specimens (5 mm diameter x 3 mm high; n=10/material) were made of Tetric® N-Ceram, Vitremer® resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) (positive control) or Filtek® Z350 nanofill composite resin (negative control). The specimens were stored individually in plastic tubes containing 1 mL of artificial saliva at 37°C, which was daily renewed during 15 days. At each renewal of saliva, the amount of fluoride ions released in the solution was measured using a fluoride ion-selective electrode with ion analyzer, and the values obtained in mV were converted to ppm (µg/mL). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Tukey’s post-hoc test at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the resins Tetric® N-Ceram and Filtek® Z350 did not release significant amounts of fluoride during the whole period of evaluation (p>0.05). Only Vitremer® released significant amounts of fluoride ions during the 15 days of the experiment, with greater release in first 2 days (p<0.05) and stabilization in the subsequent days (p>0.05). In conclusion, the nanohybrid composite resin Tetric® N-Ceram did not present in vitro fluoride-releasing capacity throughout the 15 days of study.


Author(s):  
Wael Ahmed Bayomy Mohamed ◽  
Rozita Hassan ◽  
Shaifulizan Abdul Rahman

The duration of treatment is the most concern among orthodontic patients. It is of a challenge for an orthodontist to shorten the treatment time. A new surgical technique was introduced to accelerate tooth movement during orthodontic treatment. This new technique is the surgical reduction of bone mass in the pathway of desired tooth movement before orthodontic treatment. This case report explained the treatment of a 21-year-old male patient with severe-to-moderate crowded dentition and he requested to get the treatment done in a short period of time. Upper right first premolar and lower left second premolar were extracted, the bone in the desired pathway of all teeth movement was reduced and the dentoalveolar distraction procedure performed using nickel-titanium closing coil spring and rubber power chain. Full teeth alignment was achieved in 3 months period and the anchorage teeth were able to withstand the retraction forces with minimal anchorage loss.


2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. e4449108813
Author(s):  
Karla de Souza Vasconcelos Coelho ◽  
Danilo Pinelli Valarelli ◽  
Victor de Miranda Ladewig ◽  
Ana Claudia de Castro Ferreira Conti ◽  
Renata Rodrigues Almeida-Pedrin ◽  
...  

Objective: The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate and quantify external apical root resorption (EARR) in molars after masialization into atrophic alveolar ridge area. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 11 patients, five women and six men, and a total of 16 molars, both superior and inferior (seven in the maxilla and nine in the mandible). The age range was 19 to 55 years at the beginning of treatment (initial mean age of 36 years and 5 months), with an average treatment time of 23 months. Tooth movement was performed with mini-implant anchorage using NiTi springs, using a mean force of 300 grams. The sample was evaluated using cone-beam CT scans (CBCT) in two periods, at the beginning of the treatment (T1) and after 4 mm of movement (T2). Root resorption was measured by the difference in root lengths (T2-T1). Using the distance from the floor of the pulp chamber to the root apex as a reference. Root length was measured using specific software (OnDemand3Ddental) and was analyzed using the paired t-test, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: There was statistically significant resorption only in the mesial and distal roots, with a mean reduction  of  0.69 mm  in  the mesial  root (-6.2%) and  0.83 mm  in  the  distal  root (-7.4%). Conclusion: Space closure after dental movement in an atrophic alveolar ridge was identified as a risk factor for ARR. However, the amount of ARR could be considered clinically irrelevant.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document