scholarly journals Seed viability changes during fruit ripening of Tapirira guianensis Aubl.: Implications for collection

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e3459119719
Author(s):  
Lorene Bianca Araújo Tadaiesky ◽  
Dênmora Gomes de Araújo ◽  
Tainah Kaylla dos Santos Aquino ◽  
Saulo Fabrício da Silva Chaves ◽  
Elson Junior Souza da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Parent Tree ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
External Characteristics

Environmental changes provoked by man have caused great impacts on nature with irreparable consequences to the environment, life, and biodiversity. Species as Tapirira guianensis that have high ecological potential, due to adaptability, fast growth, and abundant fruit production, can contribute to the restoration of these environments. The objective of this work was to verify the influence of the fruit maturation stage on the physiological potential of the Tapirira guianensis seeds from three genitor plants and, thus, to define seed collection patterns based on the fruit external characteristics. The experiment was performed in a completely randomized design, in factorial scheme 3 x 3, three parent trees (1, 2, and 3) and three fruit maturation stages (green, intermediate and mature fruits), containing 4 replicates of 25 seeds per treatment. Seeds from mature fruits in comparison to those of green fruits presented significant reductions in the water content in the parent trees 1, 2 e 3 de 11%, 21%, and 28%, respectively. Otherwise, seeds from mature fruits presented significant increases in the emergence and emergence speed index of 7% and 11% for parent tree 1, 76%, and 108% for parent tree 2, and 40% and 40% for parent tree 3, in comparison to the seeds from green fruits. This research revealed that was possible to define physiological maturation of seeds according to the fruit maturation stages, being the seeds from intermediate and mature fruits that present higher germination power and development of seedlings and, therefore, indicated for collection of Tapirira guianensis seeds.

scholarly journals QUANTUM YIELD, PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS AND BIOMASS OF MINIWATERMELON UNDER IRRIGATION STRATEGIES AND POTASSIUM1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-669
Author(s):  
SAULO SOARES DA SILVA ◽  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
VERA LÚCIA ANTUNES DE LIMA ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Maturation Stages

ABSTRACT This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating the quantum yield, photosynthetic pigments and biomass accumulation of mini watermelon cv. Sugar Baby, under strategies of irrigation with saline water and potassium fertilization. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 8 × 3 factorial scheme, with three replicates, corresponding to eight strategies of irrigation with saline water applied at different phenological stages of the crop (control - irrigation with low-salinity water throughout the crop cycle, and salt stress in the vegetative, vegetative/flowering, flowering, flowering/fruiting, fruiting, fruiting/ fruit maturation and fruit maturation stage) and three potassium doses (50, 100 and 150% of the recommendation). The dose of 100% corresponded to 150 mg of K2O kg-1 of soil. Two levels of electrical conductivity of water were used: 0.8 and 4.0 dS m-1. Irrigation with water of 4.0 dS m-1 continuously in the vegetative and flowering stages increased the initial fluorescence and decreased the quantum efficiency of photosystem II of mini watermelon fertilized with 100 and 150% of K recommendation. Fertilization with 50% recommendation did not interfere in the fluorescence parameters of the mini watermelon, regardless of the irrigation management strategy. Chlorophyll a synthesis is inhibited by salt stress in the vegetative/flowering, flowering, flowering/fruiting, fruiting/maturation stages, as well as for total chlorophyll, except for the flowering stage. Application of 4.0 dS m-1 water in the flowering, fruiting/maturation and maturation stages promoted greater biomass accumulation in mini watermelon.

scholarly journals Dynamic behavior of the macauba palm (Acrocomia aculeata) fruit-rachilla system using the stochastic finite element method

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e48565
Author(s):  
Jéssica Pontes Rangel ◽  
Daniel Marçal de Queiroz ◽  
Francisco de Assis de Carvalho Pinto ◽  
Cleonice Campos Teixeira ◽  
Fábio Lúcio Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Method ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Natural Frequencies ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Stochastic Finite Element Method ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Modes Of Vibration ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
The Mean

The search for alternative energy sources has fomented the study of several crops. The macauba palm crop, for instance, has been highlighted because of its particular relevance in Brazil due to its wide distribution across Brazilian territory and its potential for yielding high amounts of oil per cultivated hectare. However, the species is still most commonly harvested via extractivism, which results in low yields. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the dynamic behavior of the fruit-rachilla system when subjected to mechanical vibration to gather baseline information for the subsequent development of macauba harvesting machines. The fruit-rachilla system of the species was modeled for different fruit maturation stages and plant accessions. Natural frequencies and modes of vibration were determined by the stochastic finite element method (FEM), adopting the specific mass and the modulus of elasticity of the system as random variables, which enabled us to compile a dataset of natural frequencies based on the variability of the system properties. The mean values of the natural frequencies obtained in the vibration assays were 26.02 Hz at the green maturation stage and 21.22 Hz at the ripe maturation stage. The mean values of natural frequencies found in the simulation by stochastic FEM, referring to the third mode of vibration, were 26.05 Hz at the green maturation stage and 21.23 Hz at the ripe maturation stage. We concluded that the natural frequencies of the macauba fruit-rachilla system on the basis of different plant accessions showed a decreasing behavior during fruit maturation. The modes of vibration characterized by pendulum displacement did not differ among plant accessions or between fruit maturation stages.

Variations in germination and longevity of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds harvested at different stages of maturation

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-162
Author(s):  
J. A. Oladiran ◽  
P. A. Kortse
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mother Plant ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Days After Anthesis

Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) seeds of the cultivars Tatashe and Rodo, extracted from fruits sequentially harvested at different maturation stages, were tested for germinability (when freshly harvested) and longevity (over a period of about 17 weeks). Seed dry weight increased with fruit maturation and was maximum when the fruits turned red-ripe. Over-ripening of the fruits for 10 days on the mother plant did not result in a significant seed weight increase, signifying that the seeds were already fully filled when the fruits turned red-ripe. The seeds of the two cultivars started germinating as from 28 days after anthesis (DAA) and peaked at 71.5% and 40% for Tatashe and Rodo respectively, at 44 DAA. The viability of the seeds of Tatashe declined as storage progressed and the more mature the seeds were, the longer they survived. In Rodo, seed viability increased till the end of the storage period due to dormancy, which became progressively broken with age; seeds from more mature fruits survived better. In a second experiment, when fruits of Tatashe were harvested at the colour breaking, red-ripe and over-ripe stages, seed viability and longevity were best from over-ripe fruits.

scholarly journals Seed physiological potential of “dedo-de-moça” pepper in relation to maturation stages and rest periods of the fruits

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 486-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro SA Gonçalves ◽  
Gisely Paula Gomes ◽  
Clério Valentin Damasceno Junior ◽  
Robison Alessandro de Queiroz ◽  
Lucia SA Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Seed Deterioration ◽  
Seed Maturity ◽  
Rest Periods ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Green Stage

ABSTRACT One of the main problems in pepper seed production is the uneven maturation of the fruits due to the continuous flowering period of the plant, making it difficult to harvest all the fruits at the same time. Thus, studies on fruit maturation stage and seed physiological potential are extremely important in order to identify the appropriate harvest time, avoiding seed deterioration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological potential of five genotypes of “dedo de moça” pepper seeds (Capsicum baccatum var. pendulum) in three maturation stages (green, orange and red), with and without 10-day rest period after harvest date. Physiological potential and vigor of seeds were evaluated through germination tests (first count, accelerated aging and electrical conductivity). The observed results were submitted to variance analysis, comparing averages through Tukey test and principal components analysis. In general, red fruits reflected seed maturity since they provided maximum germination. On the other hand, even fruits harvested at a maturation stage prior to red (green and orange), showed the benefits of the rest periods on germination and vigor characteristics, being this result more evident in green fruits which, initially, had lower physiological potential. The evaluated genotypes showed lower physiological potential of fruits harvested at the green stage, without 10-day rest period.

scholarly journals Studies on seed maturation in Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. for identification of best collection time

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
Maitreyee Kundu ◽  
Tehsildar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Fruit Maturation ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Butea Monosperma ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Optimal Harvest

The purpose of this study is to determine the optimal harvest time for seeds of Butea monosperma as defined by fruit maturation stage. The seeds were harvested at different stages of their development and fruit and seed size, fresh and dry mass, moisture content, germination percentage, tolerance to drying were recorded. Though fresh weight of both fruits and seeds reached maximum at 58 DAA, dry weight of fruits and seeds continued to increase up to 73 DAA till the time of seed dispersal. Onset of germinability (25%) was observed at 58 DAA before the completion of dry mass accumulation. Full germinability and tolerance to low moisture content were achieved at 73 DAA at the time of seed shedding. At this stage colour of the seed turned brown that can be used as a visual indicator for time of seed collection.

scholarly journals The influence of calyx maturation stage and types of packaging on the germination of goldenberry seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weslley Rosário Santana ◽  
Érica Duarte Silva ◽  
Gleison Oliosi ◽  
Jalille Amim Altoé ◽  
Jeniffer Ribeiro De Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Viability ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Germination Test ◽  
Brownish Yellow ◽  
Greenish Yellow ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Sexual Propagation

Studies of the optimum harvest time for obtaining seeds for the sexual propagation of the goldenberry are essential to help maintain seed viability. This study aimed to determine the optimum harvest time for the goldenberry based on the calyx maturation stage and viability of stored seeds. The design was completely randomized a in factorial design (5 x 3), with three replications. The treatments consisted of a combination of five calyx maturation stages, assessed based on color (green, green-yellow, greenish-yellow, yellow, brownishyellow), and three types of packaging: Kraft paper bags, plastic bags, and glass. The seeds were removed from the fruit and stored at the same temperature and shade conditions for 120 days. Based on the results of the 21-day germination test, it is recommended that goldenberry seeds should be obtained from fruit with a green-yellow to brownish-yellow calyx. All the packaging types analyzed by this study are recommended for the storage of goldenberry seeds obtained from fruit with a green-yellow to brownish-yellow calyx for a 120-day storage period.

scholarly journals Viabilidad y germinación de semillas de Hechtia perotensis (Bromeliaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 153
Author(s):  
Violeta Elizalde ◽  
José Rodolfo García ◽  
Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia ◽  
Ma Carmen Ybarra ◽  
Otto Raúl Leiva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Tetrazolium Chloride ◽  
Viability Test ◽  
Seed Collection ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Germination Experiments ◽  
Good Quality Seed

Endemic populations of Hechtia perotensis have been described in Puebla and Veracruz, Mexico. Good quality seed collections can be used in conservation, research and ecological restoration. To evaluate seed quality of wild and endemic species, some compounds are used as effective promoters of germination, such as potassium nitrate (KNO3) and gibberellic acid (AG3), because they increase seed germination capacity and reduce latency. The triphenyl tetrazolium chloride (tetrazolium) test correlates seed viability because it is based on the activity of dehydrogenases in live tissues that catalyze mitochondrial respiration. The objective of this study was to obtain information on size and weight of capsules and seeds and seed germination and viability of H. perotensis, collected in Veracruz in the year 2012 and 2015. The hypotheses were 1) that seed germination and viability are independent of the year of collection, 2) that there is a tetrazolium concentration that can identify seed viability better than others, and 3) that pretreatment with KNO3 or AG3 improves seed germination. Seed germination was assessed using a completely randomized design with three treatments (control and the germination promoters 0.2 % KNO3 and 500 mg/L AG3), four treatments for the viability test (control, 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 % of tetrazolium) and six replicates for each treatment. A total of one hundred seeds for germination experiments, and 25 seeds for the viability test were used. The results between and within years were analyzed with ANOVA and multiple comparison with the Tukey test. The proportion of non-germinated seeds was quantified along with the number of normal and abnormal seedlings, seeds with viable embryo, seeds without embryo, and seeds with low or no viability. On average, for the 2012 collected sample, 36 % had viable embryos, 7 % had low viability, 24 % were not viable and 33 % had no embryo. This result was significantly different from the 2015 sample, for which 87 % of seed showed viable embryos, 10 % had low viability, 0 % was not viable and 3 % had no embryo. Seed germination was also significantly different between years (22 and 92 %) Pregerminative treatments did not improve germination. Seed germination and viability of H. perotensis significantly varied between years of seed collection.

scholarly journals Desiccation Tolerance as the Basis of Long-Term Seed Viability

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Galina Smolikova ◽  
Tatiana Leonova ◽  
Natalia Vashurina ◽  
Andrej Frolov ◽  
Sergei Medvedev
Keyword(s):  
Desiccation Tolerance ◽  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Late Embryogenesis Abundant ◽  
Maturation Stage ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Complex Anatomy ◽  
Orthodox Seeds

Desiccation tolerance appeared as the key adaptation feature of photoautotrophic organisms for survival in terrestrial habitats. During the further evolution, vascular plants developed complex anatomy structures and molecular mechanisms to maintain the hydrated state of cell environment and sustain dehydration. However, the role of the genes encoding the mechanisms behind this adaptive feature of terrestrial plants changed with their evolution. Thus, in higher vascular plants it is restricted to protection of spores, seeds and pollen from dehydration, whereas the mature vegetative stages became sensitive to desiccation. During maturation, orthodox seeds lose up to 95% of water and successfully enter dormancy. This feature allows seeds maintaining their viability even under strongly fluctuating environmental conditions. The mechanisms behind the desiccation tolerance are activated at the late seed maturation stage and are associated with the accumulation of late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins, small heat shock proteins (sHSP), non-reducing oligosaccharides, and antioxidants of different chemical nature. The main regulators of maturation and desiccation tolerance are abscisic acid and protein DOG1, which control the network of transcription factors, represented by LEC1, LEC2, FUS3, ABI3, ABI5, AGL67, PLATZ1, PLATZ2. This network is complemented by epigenetic regulation of gene expression via methylation of DNA, post-translational modifications of histones and chromatin remodeling. These fine regulatory mechanisms allow orthodox seeds maintaining desiccation tolerance during the whole period of germination up to the stage of radicle protrusion. This time point, in which seeds lose desiccation tolerance, is critical for the whole process of seed development.

scholarly journals BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS DURING THE MATURATION OF FOUR FRUITS NATIVE TO THE RESTINGA FOREST OF CEARA

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
NIGÉRIA PEREIRA GONÇALVES ◽  
ELISEU MARLÔNIO PEREIRA DE LUCENA ◽  
ORIEL HERRERA BONILLA ◽  
MÁRCIA RÉGIA SOUZA DA SILVEIRA ◽  
FRANCISCA JÉSSICA COSTA TAVARES
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Total Chlorophyll ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Plant Ecophysiology ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Maturation Stages ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Fruits provide not only essential nutrients for food, but also bioactive compounds that promote health benefits and help reducing the risk of developing non-communicable chronic diseases. In this sense, this work aimed at quantifying bioactive compounds during the maturation of four fruits native to the Restinga forest of Ceara. Myrtle fruits (Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC.) were collected at the Botanical State Park of Ceara, Caucaia-CE, and guajiru (Chrisobalanus icaco L.), manipuça (Mouriri cearensis Huber) and murici-pitanga fruits (Byrsonima gardneriana A. Juss.) at the Botanical Garden of São Gonçalo, São Gonçalo do Amarante-CE. Fruits were collected at different stages (E) and transported to the Laboratory of Plant Ecophysiology, being characterized into five or six maturation stages according to the bark color, then processed and frozen for the following physicochemical and chemical evaluations: ascorbic acid, total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins and yellow flavonoids. A completely randomized design was used, with five or six treatments, depending on the maturation stages of fruits and four replicates. Murici-pitanga had higher contents of ascorbic acid (ascorbic acid 646.23 mg/100 g E5), total carotenoids (6.13 mg/100 g E5) and total anthocyanins (7.99 mg/100 g E2); and myrtle had higher contents of total chlorophyll (11.05 mg/100 g E1) and yellow flavonoid (69.11 mg/100 g E2). There are positive and significant correlations between chlorophyll and carotenoid (R= 0.99; P <0.01) for manipuça and between anthocyanin and yellow flavonoid (R= 0.97; P <0.05) for murici-pitanga fruits; however, the correlation is negative and significant between ascorbic acid and yellow flavonoids (R= -0.98; P <0.05) for myrtle fruits. It could be concluded that murici-pitanga and myrtle fruits had the highest contents of bioactive compounds with the highest levels, therefore both fruits can be recommended to be commercially exploited by the food, cosmetic and phytomedicine sectors.

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