scholarly journals Potential years of life lost by external causes among children from one to nine years of age from 2000 to 2018 in a brazilian state

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e3389119799
Author(s):  
Luisa Chrisdayla Macêdo Santos ◽  
Anando Rodrigues de Carvalho ◽  
Maria Bianca Pereira Freitas ◽  
Emanuel Thomaz de Aquino Oliveira ◽  
Fernando Rocha dos Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The State ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Life ◽  
Pedestrian Accidents ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: Injuries or any other health problems with sudden onset, generated by violence or other exogenous cause, are called external causes (EC). The indicator Potential Years of Life Lost - PYLL expresses the impact of early deaths in relation to the life expectancy for a given population. ECs were the major causes of death in children aged 1 to 9 years with 1,037 deaths (19.38%). Objective: To determine PYLL by EC among children aged 1 to 9 years in the state of Piauí, Brazil. Methods: This is a retrospective, longitudinal study with a quantitative approach. Its scenario is the State of Piauí. The population and sample were composed of deaths from EC registered in the Mortality Information System - MIS from Brazil, which occurred in children in the intended age group. For data analysis, the method that establishes a limit age for the calculation of PYLL was used, based on the average life of the population. Results: In Piauí between January 2000 and December 2018, there were 1,037 deaths (11.67%). The highest number of PYLL was found among male children, aged 5 to 9 years. Deaths caused by drowning were predominant, with 258 deaths (24.9%), being responsible for 16,857 PYLL, followed by accidents with pedestrians, with 184 deaths (17.8%), adding up to 11,911.5 years. Conclusion: Accidental drowning and submersion and pedestrian accidents predominate as the main EC. It can be estimated that 67,581 years of life for children aged 1 to 9 years were lost by EC in Piauí.

scholarly journals Potential years of life lost in Campinas-Brazil between 2000-2017 due to external causes of death

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D S Komoda ◽  
M R B Fernández ◽  
R C Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
The Poor ◽  
External Causes Of Death ◽  
External Causes ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The Potential Years of Life Lost indicator is an alternative to the use of traditional indicators to evaluate impacts of external causes of death for its ability to evaluate the magnitude of premature death. This study aims to evaluate the impact in the PYLL of premature deaths due to external causes in Campinas, between 2000 and 2017, and to show selectiveness of violence targeting the poor. We performed a cross-sectional epidemiological study describing the PYLL due to external causes in the city of Campinas between 2000 and 2017. Amongst the variables studied, focus was given to the Human Development Index by Neighborhood (HDIN) of each individual (obtained by relating addresses to the official HDIN census), to evaluate impact of poverty in PYLL, mainly in homicides. A total of 12175 people died from external causes between 2000 and 2017. The distribution of the PYLL in the year 2000 indicated a loss of 35.8 years for every 1000 inhabitants with a high decrease until 2005 to an average of 17.45 from 2005 to 2017. Although we observed this decrease in PYLL, analysis by social strata shows disparities between PYLL of the rich and poor. When all external causes were considered, low and very low-HDI population had the most significant PYLL (27 and 30.3 respectively) compared to high and very high-HDI population (18.3 and 9.9 respectively), and when only homicides were taken into account, an even greater disparity was observed between the lower-HDI and higher-HDI stratas (overall average of 16.55 and 5.55 respectively). Through PYLL analysis, we could observe the selectiveness of violence towards the low and very low-HDI population, which shows that, public policies that aim improve population health cannot be restricted to health sectors, but also include socio-economic actions against social inequalities and income concentration. Key messages Although external causes of death seems to be decreasing in Campinas, violence seems to target the poor. Any policy that aims to prevent violent causes of death must necessarily take into account social disparities.

scholarly journals THE US MIDLIFE MORTALITY CRISIS CONTINUES: INCREASED DEATH RATES FROM CAUSES OTHER THAN COVID-19 DURING 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana A Glei
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effect ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Excess Mortality ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression Model ◽  
Age Group ◽  
External Causes

COVID-19 has prematurely ended many lives, particularly among the oldest Americans, but the pandemic has also had an indirect effect on health and non-COVID mortality among the working-age population, who have suffered the brunt of the economic consequences. This analysis quantifies the changes in mortality for selected causes of death during the COVID 19 pandemic up to December 31, 2020, and investigates whether the levels of excess mortality varied by age group. The data comprise national-level monthly death counts by age group and selected causes of death from January 1999 to December 2020 combined with annual mid-year population estimates over the same period. A negative binomial regression model was used to estimate monthly cause-specific excess mortality during 2020 controlling for the pre-pandemic mortality patterns by age, calendar year, and season. To determine whether excess mortality varied by age, we tested interactions between broad age groups and dichotomous indicators for the pre-pandemic (January-February) and the pandemic (March-December) portions of 2020. In relative terms, excess all cause mortality (including COVID-19) peaked in December at ages 25-44 (RR=1.58 relative to 2019, 95% CI=1.50-1.68). Excluding COVID-19, all of the excess mortality occurred between ages 15 and 64, peaking in July among those aged 25-44 (RR=1.45, 95% CI 1.37-1.53). We find notable excess mortality during March-December 2020 for many causes (i.e., influenza/pneumonia, other respiratory diseases, diabetes, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, kidney disease, and external causes), but almost exclusively among young and midlife (aged 25-74) Americans. For those aged 75 and older, there was little excess mortality from causes other than COVID-19 except from Alzheimer's disease. Excess non-COVID mortality may have resulted, at least partly, from incorrectly classified COVID-19 deaths, but neither misclassification nor an atypical flu season that disproportionately affected younger people is likely to explain the increase in mortality from external causes, which was evident even during January-February 2020. Exploratory analyses suggest that drug-related mortality may be driving the early rise in external mortality. The growth in drug overdoses well before there was any hint of a pandemic suggests it is probably not solely an indirect effect of COVID-19, although the pandemic may have exacerbated the problem.

scholarly journals Change in the state of an exploited fish population: From individual indicators to integral assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 405-410
Author(s):  
E. I. Boznak ◽  
V. G. Tereshchenko ◽  
A. B. Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Fish Habitat ◽  
Fish Population ◽  
The State ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Integral Index ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
The Status ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Integral Assessment ◽  
The Impact

We adapted the approach used for the integral assessment of the status of ecosystems in order to assess population status. Classic theoretical concepts of fish population dynamics are the basis of this approach. The convolution of information about changes in several structural and functional characteristics into one integral index was performed using the analytical function of desirability. The index varied 0 to 1 and quantitatively characterizes the state of the population. This approach was tested on the example of the European grayling Thymallus thymallus (Linnaeus, 1758), inhabiting the Vym River (basin of the Northern Dvina River, North of the European part of Russia). The materials were collected during the environmental monitoring carried out by the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IB FRC Komi SC UB RAS) in 2002, 2005–2019. The population parameters used in the calculations (relative abundance; average and maximum age of fish; the proportion of matured individuals in the 4+ age group; average specific growth rate of fish at the age of 6+; body weight of fish in the age group 6+) were characterized on the basis of the control net catches. Compared with the period 2005–2006, the value of the integral index in 2015–2018 decreased by almost two times. This indicates deterioration in the condition of the grayling group in the study area. There were no serious disturbances in the fish habitat in this area. The main hydrochemical and hydrobiological indicators have not changed significantly. The main reason for the observed changes is likely the significant increase in the impact of recreational anglers. The proposed integral index may be useful both for assessing the state of fish populations and for developing measures for the rational management of fish stocks.

scholarly journals Timber prices after natural disasters in the Forest District of Węgierska Górka

2014 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-212
Author(s):  
Adam Tomasz Sikora ◽  
Joanna Ukalska
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
The State ◽  
Macroeconomic Factors ◽  
Rate Of Growth ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest District ◽  
Linear Trends ◽  
Supply Price

Abstract The aim of the study was to determine the impact of increased timber logging after natural disasters on timber assortments, unit prices, as well as average prices of timber spruce and total timber. The net sales prices of the years 2004-2010, available from the database of the State Forests Information System (SFIS) for the Forest District of Węgierska Górka, were analysed and compared to the prices of selected forest districts within the Regional Directorate of State Forests in Cracow (RDSF). The forest districts were classified based on the volume of logged timber leading to a separation into two groups of two and six forest districts. Moreover, we tested for significance in the linear trends of relevant characteristics and determined confidence intervals. Furthermore, we calculated the rate of growth (decrease) of the unit prices. Our studies show a decrease in price of only some of the timber assortments despite a significantly increased supply. Price declines were observed for the average prices of timber spruce and total timber due to their lowered quality. The price of timber assortments was mainly determined by effects of macroeconomic factors.

scholarly journals MEDICAL AND STATISTICAL INDICATORS OF MORTALITY IN EMPLOYEES OF RUSSIAN STATE FIRE SERVICE (1996–2015)

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Aleksanin ◽  
E. V. Bobrinev ◽  
V. I. Evdokimov ◽  
A. A. Kondashov ◽  
N. A. Mukhina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fire Service ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Statistical Indicators

Relevance. Russia has high mortality rates in general and among the working-age population, with dominating effects of external causes.Intention– To study rates and structures of the medical-statistical indicators of mortality due to diseases and the effects of external causes in the employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia over 20 years from 1996 to 2015.Methods.Annual population under study averaged (108.8 ± 6.2) thousand people, or about 80% of all the employees of the State Fire Service of Russia who had special military ranks. Operating staff comprised 53.4%, other employees – 46.6%. Mortality rates were calculated per 100 thousand employees of the State Fire Service of Russia. Data on the mortality of working-age men in Russia was obtained on the website of the Federal Statistics Service of Russia (Rosstat) [http://www.gks.ru/]. The unification of accounting and analysis of indicators was achieved using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, the 10th revision (ICD-10). Results and Discussion. Mortality rate among employees of the State Fire Service of the EMERCOM of Russia in 1996–2015 was (116.9 ± 5.7) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs 11 times higher mortality rate among the working-age male population of Russia: (1063.9 ± 33.7) deaths per 100 thousand men (p < 0.001). The mean age of the deceased employees of the State Fire Service of Russia was (44.5 ± 0.3) years, with overall mean age (36.9 ± 1.6) years (p < 0.001). The leading causes of death among employees of the State Fire Service of Russia (from more to less significant) were injuries and other effects of external causes (ICD-10 chapter XIX), diseases of the circulatory system (chapter IX) and neoplasms (II), diseases of the digestive system (XI) and diseases of the respiratory system (X). Mortality rates from these causes per 100 thousand employees per year amounted to (63.3 ± 33.7), (32.6 ± 2.7), (7.1 ± 0.6), (5.3 ± 1.0) and (5.0 ± 0.9) deaths; in cause-of-death structure – 54.2, 27.9, 6.0, 4.5 and 4.3%, respectively. The mortality rate from suicide among working-age Russian men was 6.4 times higher than that of firefighters – (66.0 ± 4.1) and (10.3 ± 1.1) deaths per 100 thousand men, respectively. However, in the overall cause-of-death structure, this cause accounted for a larger share in employ ees of the Russian State Fire Service (6.2 vs 8.8%). Statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was found when comparing occupational fatalities among the operating personnel of the State Fire Service of Russia and working population in Russia: (14.9 ±1.4) deaths per 100 thousand employees per year vs (11.6 ± 0.7) deaths per 100 thousand workers per year. Mortality rates of firefighters were calculated in the Federal districts and regions of Russia. For a number of causes of death in firefighters, there is a significant contribution of occupational factors, which require further research.Conclusion.There is a low alertness for identifying neoplasms and crisis conditions in firefighters. Focusing on the leading diseases, behavioral disorders, prevention of injuries, poisoning and other effects of external causes will improve health and reduce mortality of employees of the State Fire Service of Russia.Authors declare the absence of existing and potential conflicts of interest concerning the article publication. 

scholarly journals Diabetes mellitus mortality in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, 2010 to 2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Aparecido Dias Lima ◽  
Plinio Tadeu Istilli ◽  
Carla Regina De Souza Teixeira ◽  
Maria Lúcia Zanetti ◽  
Maria Tereza Da Costa Gonçalves Torquato
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
World Health ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Age Group ◽  
São Paulo

OBJECTIVE: To describe diabetes mellitus mortality according to sex and age in a municipality in the state of São Paulo, in the period ranging from 2010 to 2014. METHODS: This was a temporal series ecological study carried out in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo. The data was comprised of information on 583 deaths of Ribeirão Preto residents – regardless of the place of death – from 2010 to 2014. The data source was the electronic system of the Epidemiological Surveillance of the Municipal Health Department of the evaluated municipality. Sex, age group, premature death and year of death were chosen as variables. Subsequently, age-standardized mortality rates were calculated using the World Health Organization’s standard population, in addition to total and average per death potential years of life lost. RESULTS: Mortality due to diabetes mellitus in the municipality increased during the studied period. There was a higher occurrence of female deaths, especially in the ≥ 80 years age group. The highest rates of age-standardized mortality were male. For both sexes, there was an annual mean increase of 9% in premature mortality during the studied period. Diabetes decreased life expectancy by 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: As a diagnosis of local health care, the significant increase in agestandardized mortality rates, premature mortality and potential years of life lost in the studied municipality point to the need for improvements in health promotion and disease prevention measures. It is our hope that the results presented in this study contribute to the monitoring of mortality rates in the coming years.

scholarly journals External causes in women assisted by the Mobile Emergency Service - SAMU, in Espírito Santo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
E Machado ◽  
F Almeida ◽  
C Neto ◽  
R Barbosa ◽  
L Sogame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
The State ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
External Causes ◽  
Espirito Santo

Abstract Background External causes are events that lead to traumas, injuries and any health problems, whether deliberate or not, with sudden onset and with immediate consequence, which may or may not lead to death or incapacitating injuries. Studies show that the main causes of death of women in fertile period are external causes, and they associate this fact with the change in habits and lifestyle adopted by this group in modern times that make them more vulnerable to the risks of becoming ill or dying from such causes. The objective of this study is precisely to analyze the prevalence of the main external causes in women assisted by SAMU 192 in Espírito Santo, Brazil, and in this way, assist in the development of accident and violence prevention strategies and also contribute to the scientific society through the description of the profile epidemiological profile of these events. Methods This is a cross-sectional study of primary care provided by SAMU 192, in the state of Espírito Santo, in 2015, in which only women victims of traffic accidents, aggression or falls were selected. Results Among the women assisted by SAMU 192, 23.5% were victims of accidents and violence. Of this total, 48.6% received assistance for falls, 46.6% for traffic accidents and 4.9% for aggression. Adulthood was the most frequent, with an average age of 44.9 ± 22.7 years. Conclusions External causes involving women represent a major problem in Brazil and worldwide. In Espírito Santo, falling was the most common type of external cause and mainly affected the elderly woman, while the traffic accident mainly affected the adult woman. As for the aggressions, these occurred mainly at night with association with the use of alcoholic beverages. Thus, it is immensely necessary to develop actions to promote and prevent external causes of harm to women's health in the state of Espírito Santo. Key messages Knowing what affects the most women's health in an emerging country like Brazil, is essential for public policy actions aimed at reducing the femininity, sexism and the death of women in general. Violence against women is an underreported event because of several factors, leading to the concealment of violence, emphasizing once again the importance of public policies for this purpose.

Rekha Wazir. The Gender Gap in Basic Education: NGOs as Change Agents. New Delhi: Sage Publications, 2000. Indian Rs 225.00 (Paper), Rs 395.00 (Cloth) 286 pages.

1999 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-226
Author(s):  
Rashida Haq
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Change Agents ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
The State ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Education For All ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The Impact

In the Constitution of India in 1951 it was set out that… “the State shall endeavour to provide within a period of ten years from the commencement of this Constitution, for free and compulsory education for all children until they complete the age of fourteen years”. But at the turn of the century nearly 424 million are still illiterate while it is estimated that nearly 35 million children in the age of 6-10 years age group are still out of school. The statistics for female education make even more dismal reading. Although the field of education is considered to be the prime responsibility of the State yet there is mushrooming growth of non-governmental organisations (NGOs). The impact of these NGOs is rarely reflected in overall educational performance and their approach is seldom transferred to the mainstream.

scholarly journals Using Geographic Information System Analysis to Understand West Virginia’s Growing Opioid-Overdose Epidemic - What Are We Missing?

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (s1) ◽  
pp. s53-s53
Author(s):  
Sasha Rihter ◽  
Nathan Menke
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
The State ◽  
Opioid Overdose ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Overdose Death ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Overdose Deaths

Introduction:The opioid epidemic is overwhelming communities across the United States. West Virginia (WV) has been devastated, heralding a 86% increase in deaths from 2012-2016, and over 1,000 deaths last year as per WV Health Statistics Center. Treatment centers and providers have emerged throughout the state to provide medication-assisted treatment (MAT). The impact of these clinics on the opioid abusing population is not yet fully understood.Aim:Utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS), a comparison of MAT provider locations versus regions of historical overdoses can indicate areas of deficiency. If no providers emerge in underserved counties, overdose deaths in those areas will continue to rise.Methods:Maps were created using current DEA-X licenses in WV registered through Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAHMSA). Overdose death rates were taken from WV Public Health Records from 2010-2017. Two maps and corresponding data were compared for overlap or lack thereof.Results:Of the 338 locations of DEA-X licenses registered, 17.5% are in Cabell County, which led the state in overdose deaths in 2017. Only 2.5% of the total providers are currently in Wayne County, which had the second highest overdose death rate. Berkeley County, which was 3rd highest, has a mere 6.5% of total providers. Comparatively, Kanawah County, home to the state’s capital, has over twice this number of providers despite consistently having at or below the state average of overdose rates. Resources are pulled towards population-dense areas or university centers, where the epidemic is present but misses counties with higher overdose rates.Discussion:Results show a lack of MAT providers in many of WV’s devastated counties. Treatment centers exist throughout the state but are concentrated in regions with large cities or academic centers. This distribution limits accessibility to a marginalized patient population, making improvements unlikely in WV’s future opioid-overdose death rates.

scholarly journals MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY DUE TO AIDS: A STUDY OF BURDEN OF DISEASE AT A MUNICIPAL LEVEL

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane DA SILVA ◽  
Victoria RAMOS ◽  
Helena Caetano Gonçalves DA SILVA ◽  
Jefferson TRAEBERT
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Burden Of Disease ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
National Health System ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

Introduction: The purpose of measuring the burden of disease involves aggregating morbidity and mortality components into a single indicator, the disability-adjusted life year (DALY), to measure how much and how people live and suffer the impact of a disease. Objective: To estimate the global burden of disease due to AIDS in a municipality of southern Brazil. Methods: An ecological study was conducted in 2009 to examine the incidence and AIDS-related deaths among the population residing in the city of Tubarao, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Data from the Mortality Information System in the National Health System was used to calculate the years of life lost (YLL) due to premature mortality. The calculation was based on the difference between a standardized life expectancy and age at death, with a discount rate of 3% per year. Data from the Information System for Notifiable Diseases were used to calculate the years lived with disability (YLD). The DALY was estimated by the sum of YLL and YLD. Indicator rates were estimated per 100,000 inhabitants, distributed by age and gender. Results: A total of 131 records were examined, and a 572.5 DALYs were estimated, which generated a rate of 593.1 DALYs/100,000 inhabitants. The rate among men amounted to 780.7 DALYs/100,000, whereas among women the rate was 417.1 DALYs/100,000. The most affected age groups were 30-44 years for men and 60-69 years for women. Conclusion: The burden of disease due to AIDS in the city of Tubarao was relatively high when considering the global trend. The mortality component accounted for more than 90% of the burden of disease.

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