scholarly journals Natural Postmenopause Is Associated With an Increase in Combined Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2012 ◽  
pp. 587-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. LEJSKOVÁ ◽  
Š. ALUŠÍK ◽  
Z. VALENTA ◽  
S. ADÁMKOVÁ ◽  
J. PIŤHA
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Apolipoprotein A1 ◽  
Natural Menopause ◽  
Lipid Ratios

Cardiovascular disease, while rare in women of reproductive age, is the main cause of mortality in menopause. The purpose of our study was to determine the association of natural menopause with cardiovascular risk factors, including their clustering into metabolic syndrome (MS). A random 5 % representative population sample of women aged 45-54 years was examined. In 575 women, we were able to determine their natural reproductive aging status. Multiple regression analysis was used to calculate the association between age, menopausal status, and risk factors under study. After adjustment for age, there was an increase in the odds ratio of developing MS, as defined by NCEP (OR=2.0; 95 % CI [1.1; 3.7]), and an increase in plasma lipid ratios (total cholesterol/HDL-C, LDL-C/HDL-C, apolipoprotein-B/apolipoprotein-A1; p<0.05 for all) in postmenopausal women. Age, but not menopausal status, was associated with some single components of MS; only waist circumference significantly increased after menopause, independently of age. Clustering of risk factors in MS and lipid ratios (combined factors) was strongly associated with menopause whereas worsening of single components of MS was strongly associated with age. In conclusion, based on our results, the menopause may pose a risk to women through clustering of cardiovascular risk factors beyond simple aging.

The Role of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHARMAYNE R.E. BRADY ◽  
BARBORA de COURTEN ◽  
CHRISTOPHER M. REID ◽  
FLAVIA M. CICUTTINI ◽  
MAXIMILIAN P.J. de COURTEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Absolute Risk ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Risk Equation ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Framingham Risk ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectivePeople with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared with the general population. We investigated the relative contribution of traditional cardiovascular risk factors to this elevated risk.MethodsFifty RA subjects and 150 age and sex matched controls attended a cardiovascular risk assessment clinic betweenMarch and July 2006. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors and the absolute risks of CVD (calculated from application of a Framingham risk equation) were compared between the 2 groups.ResultsCompared with the controls, RA subjects were more likely to smoke (p < 0.001), be physically inactive (p = 0.006), and have higher mean measurements of body mass index (p = 0.040) and waist circumference (p = 0.049). No significant differences were found in mean levels of plasma lipid or glucose, or in the prevalences of diabetes and hypertension. Overall, the mean absolute risk of CVD was higher in the RA group, even after excluding smokers (p = 0.036).ConclusionSmoking and physical inactivity are important risk factors in the management of cardiovascular risk among patients with RA. Subjects with RA seem to have higher absolute risks of CVD compared with controls, even independently of smoking. This highlights the importance of treating all modifiable risk factors in those with RA although, individually, few may be conspicuous.

scholarly journals Plasma lipid peroxides: relationships to cardiovascular risk factors and prevalent cardiovascular disease

QJM ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G. Rumley ◽  
M. Woodward ◽  
A. Rumley ◽  
J. Rumley ◽  
G.D.O. Lowe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxides

scholarly journals Carotid and Femoral Atherosclerotic Plaques in Asymptomatic and Non-Treated Subjects: Cardiovascular Risk Factors, 10-Years Risk Scores, and Lipid Ratios’ Capability to Detect Plaque Presence, Burden, Fibro-Lipid Composition and Geometry

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Mariana Marin ◽  
Daniel Bia ◽  
Yanina Zócalo
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Scores ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Color Mapping ◽  
Lipid Ratios ◽  
Atherosclerotic Burden

Carotid and/or femoral atherosclerotic plaques (AP) assessment through imaging studies is an interesting strategy for improving individual cardiovascular risk (CVR) stratification and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and/or events prediction. There is no consensus on who would benefit from image screening aimed at determining AP presence, burden, and characteristics. Aims: (1) to identify, in asymptomatic and non-treated subjects, demographic factors, anthropometric characteristics and cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs), individually or grouped (e.g., CVR equations, pro-atherogenic lipid ratios) associated with carotid and femoral AP presence, burden, geometry, and fibro-lipid content; (2) to identify cut-off values to be used when considering the variables as indicators of increased probability of AP presence, elevated atherosclerotic burden, and/or lipid content, in a selection scheme for subsequent image screening. Methods: CRFs exposure and clinical data were obtained (n = 581; n = 144 with AP; 47% females). Arterial (e.g., ultrasonography) and hemodynamic (central [cBP] and peripheral blood pressure; oscillometry/applanation tonometry) data were obtained. Carotid and femoral AP presence, burden (e.g., AP number, involved territories), geometric (area, width, height) and fibro-lipid content (semi-automatic, virtual histology analysis, grayscale analysis and color mapping) were assessed. Lipid profile was obtained. Lipid ratios (Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol, LogTryglicerides(TG)/HDL-cholesterol) and eight 10-years [y.]/CVR scores were quantified (e.g., Framingham Risk Scores [FRS] for CVD). Results: Age, 10-y./CVR and cBP showed the highest levels of association with AP presence and burden. Individually, classical CRFs and lipid ratios showed almost no association with AP presence. 10-y./CVR levels, age and cBP enabled detecting AP with large surfaces (˃p75th). Lipid ratios showed the largest association with AP fibro-lipid content. Ultrasound evaluation could be considered in asymptomatic and non-treated subjects aiming at population screening of AP (e.g., ˃ 45 y.; 10-y./FRS-CVD ˃ 5–8%); identifying subjects with high atherosclerotic burden (e.g., ˃50 y., 10-y./FRS-CVD ˃ 13–15%) and/or with plaques with high lipid content (e.g., LogTG/HDL ˃ 0.135).

Fibrinogen, D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin Complexes in a Random Population Sample: Relationships with Other Cardiovascular Risk Factors

1994 ◽  
Vol 71 (05) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Giansante ◽  
Nicola Fiotti ◽  
Luigi Cattin ◽  
Paolo Giovanni Da Col ◽  
Salvatore Calabrese
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Random Population Sample ◽  
D Dimer

SummaryFibrinogen is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and both D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes may be suitable as laboratory markers of deep venous thrombosis and are becoming more widespread in clinical practice. The aim of our study was to evaluate their normal range and to examine their correlation with various cardiovascular risk factors. Fibrinogen, D-Dimer and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes were assessed in 516 normal subjects randomly selected from the National Health Service register of Trieste (Italy). In our community the mean value of fibrinogen was 283 ± 71 mg/dl. Fibrinogen increases with age in males and was significantly higher in male smokers. In non-smokers, females had significantly higher fibrinogen values than males. The mean value of D-Dimer was 306 ± 130 ng/ml. In females it is significantly higher. The fibrinogen and D-Dimer correlation coefficient was 0.20 (p < 0.001). The mean level of Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes was 6.25 ±6.8 ng/ml with a distribution markedly skewed towards the left; males had lower concentration than females (p = 0.047). Multiple regression analysis for fibrinogen as a dependent variable showed that D-Dimer, LDL- eholesterol, Body-Mass Index and Thrombin-Antithrombin complexes were poor predictors for fibrinogen plasma levels (R2 = 0.23) and that fibrinogen, ApoAl and age can explain only about 10% of the observed variability in D-Dimer.

Modification of the cardiovascular risk factors and menopausal status: the brisighella study results

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 62
Author(s):  
M.-P. Panourgià ◽  
M.C. Grippo ◽  
A. Dormi ◽  
A.F.G. Cicero ◽  
A. Gaddi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Study Results

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Their Association with Vitamin D Deficiency in Mexican Women of Reproductive Age

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Contreras-Manzano ◽  
Salvador Villalpando ◽  
Claudia García-Díaz ◽  
Mario Flores-Aldana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin D Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Normal Body Mass Index ◽  
Mexican Women ◽  
Nutrition Survey

Based on a nationally representative sample of young Mexican women aged 20 to 49 years (n = 3260), we sought to explore whether cardiovascular risk factors and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were associated with vitamin D deficiency (VDD, defined as 25-OH-D <50 nmol/L). To this end, we obtained sociodemographic, serum and anthropometric data from the 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT 2012). Analyses were developed through logistic regression models adjusted for potential confounders. The prevalence of VDD was significantly higher in obese women (42.5%, 95% CI; 37.3–47.9) compared to women with a normal body mass index (29.9%, 95% CI; 23.5–37.1, p = 0.05), in those with high total cholesterol (TC) (45.6% 95% CI; 39.4–51.9) compared to those with normal TC levels (33.9%, 95% CI 30–38.1, p = 0.03), and in those with insulin resistance (IR) (44%, 95% CI; 36.9–51.7) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (58.6%, 95% CI 46.9–69.4) compared to those with normal glycemia (no insulin resistance: 34.7%, 95% CI; 30.9–38.8, p = 0.04 and no T2DM: 34.9%, 95% CI 31.4–38.6, p < 0.001). Utilizing individual models to estimate cardiovascular risk according to VDD, we found that the odds of being obese (odds ratio, OR: 1.53, 95% CI 1.02–2.32, p = 0.05), or having high TC levels (OR: 1.43, 95% CI; 1.05–2.01, p = 0.03), T2DM (OR: 2.64, 95% CI; 1.65–4.03, p < 0.001), or IR (OR: 1.48, 95% CI 1.04–2.10, p = 0.026) were significantly higher in women with VDD (p < 0.05). Odds were not statistically significant for overweight, high blood pressure, sedentarism, AMI, high serum concentration of triglycerides, homocysteine, or C-reactive protein models. In conclusion, our results indicate that young Mexican women with VDD show a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors.

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