scholarly journals Effect of Pre- and Post-Weaning High-Fat Dietary Manipulation on Intestinal Microflora and Alkaline Phosphatase Activity in Male Rats

2017 ◽  
pp. 677-685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. ŠEFČÍKOVÁ ◽  
D. BUJŇÁKOVÁ
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
Dietary Manipulation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
The Impact

We investigated the impact of a high-fat (HF) diet during pre- and post-weaning periods on the intestinal microbiota and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity in male rats. Nutrition from birth was influenced by feeding rat dams with either a standard or HF diet. After weaning male pups nursed by control dams continued on a standard diet (CC) or HF diet (C→HF), while offspring nursed by HF dams continued on HF diet (HF) or standard diet (HF→C). The numbers of Bacteroides/Prevotella (BAC) and Lactobacillus/Enterococcus (LAB) in the gut were determined by FISH technique. HF pups displayed enhanced adiposity and increased AP activity (19 %), as well as higher LAB (P<0.001) and lower numbers of BAC (P<0.001) in the jejunum and colon than controls. In HF→C rats, post-weaning lower fat intake resulted in decreased fat deposition accompanied by reduced AP activity (20 %) compared to HF rats. Composition of the intestinal microbiota in these rats was not influenced. In contrast, in comparison with controls, C→HF rats displayed higher LAB (P<0.001) and lower BAC (P<0.001) together with increased adiposity and AP activity (14 %). These results indicate that consumption of diet with different fat content could modulate gut microbial/functional conditions depending on the period when the nutritional manipulation occurs.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF DIETARY FACTORS TO RAT SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE

1952 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 378-382
Author(s):  
Jules Tuba ◽  
Bohdan Jelinek ◽  
Ridley K. Shaw ◽  
Neil B. Madsen
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Brewer’S Yeast ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Brewer's Yeast

Weanling rats were fed dietary concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 30%, and 91% casein. Complete absence of dietary protein resulted in death of the young animals within five weeks. Activity of serum alkaline phosphatase was at starvation levels during this period. Optimal growth was obtained at 30% dietary level of casein, and alkaline phosphatase activity was in the normal range. No effect on the enzyme could be attributed to the protein. There is a highly significant correlation between daily food consumption and serum phosphatase activity, which is attributed to the fat component of the various diets. Adult male rats were subjected to a three-week period of protein depletion, which was followed by a two-week period of protein repletion. The protein was supplied in the following forms: casein, dried brewer’s yeast, wheat gluten, casein plus wheat gluten, and dried brewer’s yeast plus gluten. Enzyme values at the end of the experiment were typical for the high fat diet (26%) which these animals were receiving. Once more there is a significant correlation between serum alkaline phosphatase activity and daily consumption of fat, whereas the protein component of the diet is without effect on the enzyme.

scholarly journals Monitoring Soil Enzymes Activity before and after Animal Manure Application

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
George F. Antonious ◽  
Eric T. Turley ◽  
Mohammad H. Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Enzymes Activity ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Soil Enzymes Activity

Soil enzymes (urease, invertase, acid and alkaline phosphatase) activity in the rhizosphere of field-grown tomato plants were used to monitor the impact of soil amendments (SA) and SA mixed with biochar on soil microbial activity four months after addition of amendments. The soil treatments were sewage sludge (SS); horse manure (HM); chicken manure (CM); vermicompost (worm castings); commercial inorganic fertilizer; commercial organic fertilizer; and no-mulch (NM) native soil used for comparison purposes. Soil treatments also were mixed with 10% (w/w) biochar to investigate the impact of biochar on soil enzymes activity. The results showed a significant increase in soil urease and invertase activities after incorporation of SA to native soil. Vermicompost and HM were superior in increasing urease and invertase activity four months after their addition to native soil. Alkaline phosphatase activity fluctuated among the soil treatments, revealing some obstruction of its activity. SS amended with biochar increased acid phosphatase activity by 115% four months after SS addition. Other than alkaline phosphatase, organic manure enhanced soil biological activity (microbial biomass and release of enzymes), indicating that the use of manures, rather than inorganic fertilizers, in crop production is an affordable and sustainable agricultural production system.

scholarly journals Intrarenal Ghrelin Receptor Antagonism Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Hypertension in Male Rats

Endocrinology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (7) ◽  
pp. 2658-2666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon A. Kemp ◽  
Nancy L. Howell ◽  
John J. Gildea ◽  
Shetal H. Padia
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Collecting Duct ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Na Channel ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Ghrelin Receptor ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Epithelial Na Channel

Excess weight gain contributes up to 65% of the risk of primary hypertension, and the increase in blood pressure in response to high-fat diet (HFD) is preceded by significant increases in renal tubular sodium (Na+) reabsorption. In normal rats, intrarenal ghrelin infusion increases distal nephron-dependent Na+ reabsorption via activation of the intrarenal ghrelin receptor (GHSR). This study focusses on the role of intrarenal GHSR-mediated Na+ reabsorption in HFD-induced hypertension. Dahl salt-sensitive rats received standard diet or HFD for 6 weeks. Rats underwent uninephrectomy and osmotic minipump implantation for chronic intrarenal delivery of vehicle (0.25 μL/h × 28 d), selective GHSR antagonist [D-Lys-3]-growth hormone releasing peptide-6 (0.2μM/d), or GHSR inverse agonist [D-Arg1, D-Phe5, D-Trp7,9, Leu11]-substance P (SUB-P) (3.6μM/d). HFD rats with vehicle pumps had significantly increased renal GHSR expression compared with standard diet (0.092 ± 0.005 vs 0.065 ± 0.004 arbitrary units; P &lt; .05), whereas acyl ghrelin levels were similar (16.3±6.2 vs 15.7±8.7 pg/g tissue). HFD rats with vehicle pumps became hypertensive after 2 weeks (P &lt; .05) and showed a significant reduction in 24-hour urine Na+ before hypertension. At this time, these rats showed an increase in collecting duct α-epithelial Na+ channel, thereby providing a potential mechanism for the excess Na+ reabsorption. In contrast, HFD rats with [D-Lys-3]-growth hormone releasing peptide-6 or SUB-P pumps never became hypertensive and did not show the reduction in urine Na+. Because SUB-P blocks the constitutive, but not ghrelin-dependent, activity of the GHSR, and HFD-induced α-epithelial Na+ channel up-regulation was abolished during GHSR antagonism, these data suggest that HFD increases the constitutive activity of renal GHSR to increase Na+ reabsorption and induce hypertension in rats.

scholarly journals High-fat diet-induced hypertension is associated with a proinflammatory T cell profile in male and female Dahl salt-sensitive rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 315 (6) ◽  
pp. H1713-H1723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lia E. Taylor ◽  
Ellen E. Gillis ◽  
Jacqueline B. Musall ◽  
Babak Baban ◽  
Jennifer C. Sullivan
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Cell Profile

Evidence supports a sex difference in the impact of a high-fat diet (HFD) on cardiovascular outcomes, with male experimental animals exhibiting greater increases in blood pressure (BP) than female experimental animals. The immune system has been implicated in HFD-induced increases in BP, and there is a sex difference in T-cell activation in hypertension. The goal of this study was to determine the impact of HFD on BP and aortic and renal T cell profiles in male and female Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. We hypothesized that male DSS rats would have greater increases in BP and T cell infiltration in response to a HFD compared with female DSS rats. BP was measured by tail-cuff plethysmography, and aortic and renal T cells were assessed by flow cytometric analysis in male and female DSS rats on a normal-fat diet (NFD) or HFD from 12 to 16 wk of age. Four weeks of HFD increased BP in male and female DSS rats to a similar degree. Increases in BP were accompanied by increased percentages of CD4+ T cells and T helper (Th)17 cells in both sexes, although male rats had more proinflammatory T cells. Percentages of renal CD3+ and CD4+ T cells as well as Th17 cells were increased in both sexes by the HFD, although the increase in CD3+ T cells was greater in male rats. HFD also decreased the percentage of aortic and renal regulatory T cells in both sexes, although female rats maintained more regulatory T cells than male rats regardless of diet. In conclusion, both male and female DSS rats exhibit BP sensitivity to a HFD; however, the mechanisms mediating HFD-induced increases in BP may be distinct as male rats exhibit greater increases in the percentage of proinflammatory T cells than female rats. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study demonstrates that male and female Dahl salt-sensitive rats exhibit similar increases in blood pressure to a high-fat diet and an increase in aortic and renal T cells. These results are in contrast to studies showing that female rats remain normotensive and/or upregulate regulatory T cells in response to hypertensive stimuli compared with male rats. Our data suggest that a 4-wk high-fat diet has sex-specific effects on the T cell profile in Dahl salt-sensitive rats.

scholarly journals High Fiber and Beta Carotene from Sweet Potatoes and Pumpkin Improve Insulin Resistance by Inhibition of Sterol Regulatory Binding Protein 1c in Liver of Hypertriglyceridemic Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 898-903
Author(s):  
Sunarti Sunarti ◽  
Umar Santoso ◽  
Abrory Agus Cahya Pramana ◽  
Emy Huriyati ◽  
Dianandha Septiana Rubi
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
High Fat ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Improve Insulin Resistance

BACKGROUND: High sterol regulatory binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) gene expression increases triglyceride synthesis, which induces insulin resistance. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) from fiber fermentation and beta carotene may inhibit SREBP-1c gene expression. AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the high fiber and beta carotene diet on improving insulin resistance in hypertriglyceridemia rats. METHODS: A total of 25 Wistar male rats were divided into five groups: (1) Normal control (NC); (2) hypertriglyceridemia control (HC); (3) hypertriglyceridemia rats with treatment 1 (HT1); (4) hypertriglyceridemia rats with treatment 2 (HT2); and (5) hypertriglyceridemia rats with treatment 1 (HT3). The HT1, HT2, and HT3 received fiber 1.0 g; 2.0 g; and 3.1 g and beta carotene 725.7 μg; 1451.5 μg; and 2177.2 μg per day, respectively, for 6 weeks. The HC received high fat and fructose diet and the NC received a standard diet. The levels of triglyceride were analyzed using the colorimetric method before and after treatment. At the end of the study, the expression of SREBP-1c was identified by a quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: High fat and fructose diet increased the levels of triglyceride (36.53 ± 1.27 vs. 119.79 ± 7.73), but high fiber and beta carotene diet can reduce triglyceride levels in HT1 (94.58 ± 4.53 vs. 77.70 ± 7.97); HT2 (115.58 ± 4.76 vs. 66.90 ± 3.11); and HT3 (103.87 ± 7.47 vs. 62.06 ± 4.45). The decreased triglyceride levels were related to low SREBP-1c gene expression, especially in the liver. Low SREBP-1c gene expression was correlated with homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index with r = 0.414; p < 0.05 in the liver and r = 0.158; p > 0.05 in white adipose tissues. CONCLUSION: High fiber and beta carotene diet can improve insulin resistance through inhibition of SREBP-1c gene expression.

Implications of short-term high-fat intake on gut, liver, and cardiovascular health of adolescent male rats

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Sweazea ◽  
Meli'sa Crawford ◽  
Corrie Whisner ◽  
Layla Al-Nakkash
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Adolescent Male ◽  
Fat Intake ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term

scholarly journals A Glyoxalase-1 Knockdown Does Not Have Major Short Term Effects on Energy Expenditure and Atherosclerosis in Mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Wortmann ◽  
Maani Hakimi ◽  
Thomas Fleming ◽  
Andreas S. Peters ◽  
Tjeerd P. Sijmonsma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Glyoxalase 1 ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Short Term Effects

Objective. Glyoxalase-1 is an enzyme detoxifying methylglyoxal (MG). MG is a potent precursor of advanced glycation endproducts which are regarded to be a key player in micro- and macrovascular damage. Yet, the role of Glo1 in atherosclerosis remains unclear. In this study, the effect of Glo1 on mouse metabolism and atherosclerosis is evaluated.Methods. Glo1 knockdown mice were fed a high fat or a standard diet for 10 weeks. Body weight and composition were investigated by Echo MRI. The PhenoMaster system was used to measure the energy expenditure. To evaluate the impact of Glo1 on atherosclerosis, Glo1KDmice were crossed with ApoE-knockout mice and fed a high fat diet for 14 weeks.Results. Glo1 activity was significantly reduced in heart, liver, and kidney lysates derived from Glo1KDmice. Yet, there was no increase in methylglyoxal-derived AGEs in all organs analyzed. The Glo1 knockdown did not affect body weight or body composition. Metabolic studies via indirect calorimetry did not show significant effects on energy expenditure. Glo1KDmice crossed to ApoE−/−mice did not show enhanced formation of atherosclerosis.Conclusion. A Glo1 knockdown does not have major short term effects on the energy expenditure or the formation of atherosclerotic plaques.

scholarly journals High-Fat Diet Alters the Intestinal Microbiota in Streptozotocin-Induced Type 2 Diabetic Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Liu ◽  
Panpan Qin ◽  
Jing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diabetes Status

Intestinal microbiota is closely associated with various metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D), and microbiota is definitely affected by diet. However, more work is required to gain detailed information about gut metagenome and their associated impact with diet in T2D patients. We used a streptozotocin-high-fat diet (HFD) to induce a T2D mouse model and investigated the effect of standard chow diet and HFD on the composition and function of gut microbiota. We found that a HFD could worsen the diabetes status compared with a standard diet. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that a HFD caused a large disturbance to the microbial structure and was linked to an increased ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes. A HFD increased the bacteria of the Ruminococcaceae and Erysipelotrichaceae family and decreased the bacteria of S24-7 and Rikenellaceae. Meanwhile, a HFD decreased the abundance of Parabacteroides distasonis and Eubacterium dolichum, both of which have previously been reported to alleviate obesity and metabolic dysfunctions. Moreover, PICRUSt-predicted KEGG pathways related to membrane transport, lipid metabolism, and xenobiotics biodegradation and metabolism were significantly elevated in HFD-fed T2D mice. Our results provide insights into dietary and nutritional approaches for improving host metabolism and ameliorating T2D.

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