FACTORS AFFECTING INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP PRACTICES OF SCHOOL PRINCIPALS: A CASE STUDY IN WANGDUEPHODRANG DISTRICT, BHUTAN

Principal Leadership is a globally discussed concept in the education sector and by the governments. Apparently, instructional leadership has gained popularity worldwide among many other leadership styles. It plays an important role in quality education and school effectiveness. Hence, the study has been undertaken to understand the prevailing leadership practices, and determine common instructional leadership practices with an additional focus on the factors or challenges of instructional leadership practices of the principals. The study has been carried out in Wangduephodrang District with a total respondents principals and teachers of 76. The data was collected through a mixed method, using the purposive sampling method. Semi-structured questionnaires and one to one interviews were used in the study. The data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22 and used to draw descriptive statistics and inferential reports. Further the data were also analysed using the Pearson correlation test. The quantitative data were interpreted through narration to support the quantitative results. Some of the key findings were, instructional leadership practices of the principals were found to be inadequate, principals concentrating on managerial roles and delegating supervisory responsibilities to staff. Some major issues faced were numerous roles and responsibilities given to principals, shortage of teachers, inadequate instructional responsibilities, and lack of time and leadership training. Accordingly, the authors share a few recommendations to the relevant stakeholders and agencies for learning and development purposes.

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THE LEVEL OF PRINCIPAL’S INSTRUCTIONAL LEADERSHIP PRACTICES AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SCHOOL-BASED MANAGEMENT IN SECONDARY SCHOOL IN TUMPAT DISTRICT, KELANTAN, MALAYSIA

International Journal of Educational Best Practices ◽

10.31258/ijebp.v5n1.p106-116 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 106

Author(s):

Goh Chong Ping ◽

Mohd Izham Mohd Hamzah

Keyword(s):

Instructional Leadership ◽

School Environment ◽

Leadership Practices ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Ministry Of Education ◽

School Based ◽

Teachers And Students ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Mean Dimension ◽

School Based Management

This study aims to identify the level of principals’ instructional leadership practices and their relationship with the school-based management in secondary schools in Tumpat district, Kelantan. This study was conducted in the form of survey using a quantitative method with a total of 286 respondents using a questionnaire as a research instrument. Quantitative data were analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS software version 25.0. The result of this study showed that the level of principal's instructional leadership practices was high (mean=4.25, s.d.=0.444) where the dimension of forming a positive school environment scored the highest mean (mean=4.30, s.d.=0.459). The level of school-based management was also high (mean=4.24, s.d.=0.427) with the highest score mean dimension was the dimension of planning and evaluation (mean=4.29, s.d.=0.450). The Pearson correlation test showed a significant relationship between the level of principals’ instructional leadership practices and school-based management which was at a high correlation level (r=0.895). Therefore, the implication of this study is able to provide an exposure to the Ministry of Education Malaysia who can take initiatives to make improvements in the basic aspects of education and also leadership programs in order to strengthen the leadership practices of principals in schools. This study also has implications to school principals in re-evaluating all their practices and actions in managing schools to further improve the effectiveness and the quality of their administration. In conclusion, this study gives the impression that principals’ instructional leadership practices have impacts on school-based management which to some extent can affect the performance of teachers and students as well as the results of the effectiveness of school functions.

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Factors Affecting the Number of Citations to Clinical Therapeutic Articles Mentioning Level of Evidence

Modern Care Journal ◽

10.5812/modernc.101287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Hossein Beydokhti ◽

Nosrat Riahinia ◽

Hamid R Jamali ◽

Saeid Asadi ◽

Seyed Mohammad Riahi

Keyword(s):

Web Of Science ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Background Level ◽

Clinical Papers ◽

Level Of Evidence ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Article Type ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Level I ◽

Number Of Citations

Background: Level of evidence (LoE) is a hierarchical system for classifying the quality of studies. Objectives: This study examined the factors affecting the number of citations to clinical articles related to the treatment of human diseases that have included the LoE in their abstracts. Methods: A total of 3,683 therapeutic articles published between 2011 and 2013 that mentioned the LoE in their abstract and were indexed in PubMed and Web of Science were retrieved. The LoE and type of study design were extracted from abstracts and other bibliographic and citation information was obtained from PubMed and Web of Science databases. Independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation test and linear regression were used to analyze the relationship between the variables. Results: Articles with level I evidence had the lowest frequency (290, 7.9%) and articles with level IV had the highest frequency (1,831, 49.7%). Five-year citations ranged from zero to 215, with a median of 13 citations. The median values of five-year citations from level I to level V were 20.5, 15, 14, 11, and 6 citations, respectively. Evaluation of the models to examine the factors affecting the number of citations showed that the change of evidence-level from level I to V reduced the number of citations (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Journal Impact Factor, LoE, number of references, number of authors, number of title words, number of pages, article type and subject category accounted for about 25% of the variation in five-year citations of clinical papers. Clinical papers with high LoE (levels I & II) received more citations over a five-year period than those with lower LoE (levels III & IV).

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The prevalence of musculoskeletal discomforts and its relation with work posture in Carpet Weavers, Boshruyeh City

Occupational Medicine ◽

10.18502/tkj.v11i2.2630 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Mojtaba Mokhtari ◽

Gholam Hossein Halvani ◽

Zohreh Rahayi ◽

Hossein Fallah ◽

Saeed Ghaneh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Musculoskeletal Disorders ◽

Work Experience ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Statistical Relationship ◽

Musculoskeletal Discomfort ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Standard Work ◽

Carpet Industry ◽

Pearson Correlation Test

Introduction: Carpet industry is one of the most important, dangerous and traditional industries in Iran. Non-Ergonomic factors such as non-standard work tools, inappropriate physical postures, long hours of work and insufficient rest of carpet weavers can lead to musculoskeletal disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal discomfort and its relationship with posture in rural carpet weavers in Boshruyeh city. Methods: This study is descriptive, analytical and cross-sectional. The sampling method was census-based and included all rural carpet weavers in Boshruyeh city who were active at least 6 months prior to the beginning of the study and were willing to cooperate (62 people). In order to investigate musculoskeletal discomforts, used from Cornell Musculoskeletal Discomfort Questionnaire (CMDQ) and for posture assessment, The Occupational Repetitive Action Index (OCRA) method was used. The collected data by using SPSS software IBM 24 (Pearson correlation test) was analyzed. Results: The results showed that 98.39% of the workers felt discomfort at least in one of the 20 assessed regions. The most common discomfort of carpet weavers was 72.88% in the lower back region and the lowest incidence of discomfort was 9.68% in the hip/buttocks. There was a significant statistical relationship between scores of musculoskeletal discomforts in 11of 20 assessed regions with OCRA score (p <0.05), There was also a significant statistical relationship between age, work hours and work experience with CMDQ score (p <0.05). Conclusions: It seems Insufficient rest, Repetitive work, and incorrect posture are of factors affecting the musculoskeletal discomfort.observe the principles of ergonomics, especially having proper postures and regular rest along with stretching can be helpful in reducing the incidence of discomfort and musculoskeletal disorders.

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Identification and Ranking Paramount Factors Affecting the Organizational Health Using AHP Method (Case Study: Gas Transmission Office in Area 7)

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v12n3p71 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 71

Author(s):

Maryam Asgharinajib ◽

Rohollah Sohrabi ◽

Kambiz Hamidi

Keyword(s):

Pearson Correlation ◽

Data Gathering ◽

Organizational Health ◽

Structural Equations ◽

Gas Transfer ◽

Final Model ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Area 7 ◽

National Organizations ◽

Pearson Correlation Test

The organizational health is amongst the overriding concepts in management employed to indicate the overall condition of organizations and companies. Organizational health in national organizations would culminate into appropriate decisions, policy-making and due application of policies. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify and rank paramount factors affecting the organizational health.The data gathering instrument was researcher-made questionnaires. 500 questionnaires were distributed among the employees of Gas Transfer Office in Area 7 and 230 of them were collected and analyzed by virtue of structural equations modeling in LISREL Software. The verification procedure was carried out through the “Pearson Correlation Test” using SPSS. The ranking of aforementioned factors was carried out through the use of AHP analysis in Expert Choice Software.The results showed that there was a significant relationship between organizational health and the factors such as trust, motivation, responsiveness, reputation, capabilities, outward tendency, path-objective, collaboration, coordination, innovation, ethics, communication, commitment, leadership, performance identifying ,culture, employee effectiveness, and, resource usage. The final model was validated. Also, the final model was validated. Communication factor is ranked as the first paramount factor while capability factor is the 18th factor.

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The role of serum β-trophin and endostatin in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: Are they correlated?

BMC Women s Health ◽

10.1186/s12905-021-01198-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wei Gong ◽

Aikmu Bilixzi ◽

Xinmei Wang ◽

Yanli Lu ◽

Li Wan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Polycystic Ovary ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Newly Diagnosed ◽

Ovary Syndrome ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Main Factors

Abstract Background It’s necessary to investigate the serum β-trophin and endostatin (ES) level and its influencing factors in patients with newly diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods Newly diagnosed PCOS patients treated in our hospital were selected, and healthy women who took physical examination during the same period as healthy controls. We detected and compared the related serum indicators between two groups, Pearson correlation were conducted to identify the factors associated with β-trophin and ES, and the influencing factors of β-trophin and ES were analyzed by logistic regression. Results A total of 62 PCOS patients and 65 healthy controls were included. The BMI, WHI, LH, FSH, TT, FAI, FBG, FINS, HOMA-IR, TC, TG, LDL, ES in PCOS patients were significantly higher than that of healthy controls, while the SHBG and HDL in PCOS patients were significantly lower than that of healthy controls (all p < 0.05). β-trophin was closely associated with BMI (r = 0.427), WHR (r = 0.504), FBG (r = 0.385), TG (r = 0.405) and LDL (r = 0.302, all p < 0.05), and ES was closely associated with BMI (r = 0.358), WHR (r = 0.421), FBG (r = 0.343), TC (r = 0.319), TG (r = 0.404, all p < 0.05). TG, BMI, WHR and FBG were the main factors affecting the serum β-trophin levels (all p < 0.05). FBG, TC and BMI were the main factors affecting the serum ES levels (all p < 0.05). The TG, β-trophin, ES level in PCOS patients with insulin resistance (IR) were significantly higher than that of those without IR (all p < 0.05). Conclusion Increased β-trophin is closely associated with increased ES in patients with PCOS, which may be the useful indicators for the management of PCOS.

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Are Saliva Tests Important in the Prediction of Carious Disease?

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11135932 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (13) ◽

pp. 5932

Author(s):

Daniela Luminita Ichim ◽

Liliana Sachelarie ◽

Alexandra Burlui

Keyword(s):

Health Promotion ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Coefficient Of Determination ◽

Data Series ◽

Study Group ◽

Complex Phenomenon ◽

Oral Health Promotion ◽

Group 4 ◽

Carious Lesions ◽

Pearson Correlation Test

(1) Background: The appearance and progression of carious lesions represent a complex phenomenon of interactions of microbial factors (the action of bacteria on the tooth), of the factors related to the host, to the diet, and to the time factor. Which hasan influence on the rate of microbismof the oral cavity on the installation of carious disease? (2) Methods: In order to correctly assess the cariogenic risk of an individual, it is recommended to perform twoor more tests based on different principles (microbiological, clinical, epidemiological). The representative data series for the investigation were analyzed statistically and by applying the Pearson correlation test considering the coefficient of determination R for all pairs of data series. (3) Results: Salivary tests played animportant role in establishing control sessions, in carrying out prophylactic caries therapy, and establishing prognosis. The existence of a statistical associationwas confirmed between the prevalence of dental caries and the results of salivary tests for the study group. (4) Conclusions: The results of the saliva tests can be used in oral health promotion.

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The features of the coastal fronts in the Eastern Guangdong coastal waters during the downwelling-favorable wind period

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-89649-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chaoyu Yang ◽

Haibin Ye

Keyword(s):

Coastal Waters ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Ocean Model ◽

Ekman Pumping ◽

Zonal Distribution ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

China Sea ◽

Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model ◽

The Mean

AbstractA coastal front was detected in the eastern Guangdong (EGD) coastal waters during a downwelling-favorable wind period by using the diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490 nm (Kd(490)). Long-term satellite data, meteorological data and hydrographic data collected from 2003 to 2017 were jointly utilized to analyze the environmental factors affecting coastal fronts. The intensities of the coastal fronts were found to be associated with the downwelling intensity. The monthly mean Kd(490) anomalies in shallow coastal waters less than 25 m deep along the EGD coast and the monthly mean Ekman pumping velocities retrieved by the ERA5 dataset were negatively correlated, with a Pearson correlation of − 0.71. The fronts started in October, became weaker and gradually disappeared after January, extending southwestward from the southeastern coast of Guangdong Province to the Wanshan Archipelago in the South China Sea (SCS). The cross-frontal differences in the mean Kd(490) values could reach 3.7 m−1. Noticeable peaks were found in the meridional distribution of the mean Kd(490) values at 22.5°N and 22.2°N and in the zonal distribution of the mean Kd(490) values at 114.7°E and 114.4°E. The peaks tended to narrow as the latitude increased. The average coastal surface currents obtained from the global Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM) showed that waters with high nutrient and sediment contents in the Fujian and Zhejiang coastal areas in the southern part of the East China Sea could flow into the SCS. The directions and lengths of the fronts were found to be associated with the flow advection.

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Malondialdehyde levels can be measured in serum and saliva by using a fast HPLC method with visible detection / Determinarea printr-o metodă HPLC-VIS rapidă a concentraţiilor serice şi salivare ale malondialdehidei

Revista Romana de Medicina de Laborator ◽

10.1515/rrlm-2016-0029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 319-326 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Erzsébet Fogarasi ◽

Mircea Dumitru Croitoru ◽

Ibolya Fülöp ◽

Enikő Nemes-Nagy ◽

Robert Gabriel Tripon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Free Radicals ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Living Organism ◽

Hplc Method ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Repeated Sample

Abstract Oxidative stress appears when the amount of free radicals that are formed in a living organism exceed its spin-trapping ability. One of the most dangerous free radicals that are formed in the human body is the hydroxyl radical. It can alter several biomolecules, including the unsaturated fatty acids; this process is known as lipid peroxidation and can lead to cell necrosis and generation of several harmful byproducts including malondialdehyde, which serves also as a biomarker of oxidative stress. A new HPLC method with visible detection was developed for the detection of malondialdehyde in human serum and saliva samples. The method was verified in terms of specificity, linearity, limits of detection (0.35 ng/ml), limit of quantification (1.19 ng/ml), recovery (90.13±10.25 – 107.29±14.33) and precision (3.84±1.49% – 6.66±1.76%). An analysis time of only 1 minute was obtained and no interferences from the matrices were observed. Statistical analysis (Pearson correlation test) showed a moderate correlation (R = 0.5061, p = 0.0099) between serum and saliva concentrations (N = 25). The possibility of measuring salivary concentrations of malondialdehyde extents the applications of oxidative stress/lipid peroxidation estimations to categories of population unreachable before (pregnant women, small children, etc); repeated sample studies are also easier to make.

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Are metric parameters sufficient alone in evaluation of the patellar instability? New angular measuring parameters

Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery ◽

10.1177/2309499016684498 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (1) ◽

pp. 230949901668449 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Alper Deveci ◽

Deniz Cankaya ◽

Serdar Yilmaz ◽

Ersin Celen ◽

Bulent Sakman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Strong Correlation ◽

Patellar Instability ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Trochlear Groove ◽

Rotational Movement ◽

Pearson Correlation Test ◽

Angular Measuring ◽

Metric Measurement ◽

Tibia Shaft

Purposes: When the evaluation of patellar instability is examined from the aspect of the conical-cylindrical anatomy of the tibia, metric measurement parameters such as the tuberositas tibia (TT)–trochlear groove (TG) and patellar tendon (PT) insertion–trochlear groove (TG) distances are not sufficient. We asked whether defined angular parameters reveal the rotational movement of the tuberositas tibia on the tibia shaft, additional to the metric parameters and there is a correlation between the metric and angular parameters. Methods: 19 patients with patellar instability and 22 patients without patellar instability were evaluated. For all patients, two angle and three length parameters were evaluated on the slices taken. Evaluations were made of the TT-TG, the midpoint of the PT insertion-TG distances, the anatomic midpoint of the dome of the TT-TG, the TG-PT angle, and the TG-dome angle (DA). The Pearson correlation test was used for the statistical analysis of correlations between groups. Results: A statistically significant increase was determined in the patellar instability group in the TG-DA and TG-PT angle values compared to the group without patellar instability ( p < 0.05). In both groups, a positive and strong correlation was determined between the TT-TG and the TG-PT and dome of the TT-TG distances, but no statistically significant correlation was determined between the tuberositas TT-TG and TG-PT angle and TG-DA. Conclusion: Metric parameters may not be sufficient alone in the evaluation of patellar instability. Metric parameters should be supported by additional angular parameters which reveal the rotational movement of the TT on the tibia shaft.

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Construction Sector Contribution to Economic Stability: Malaysian GDP Distribution

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13095012 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (9) ◽

pp. 5012

Author(s):

Wesam Salah Alaloul ◽

Muhammad Ali Musarat ◽

Muhammad Babar Ali Rabbani ◽

Qaiser Iqbal ◽

Ahsen Maqsoom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Construction Industry ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Impulse Response Function ◽

Equilibrium Analysis ◽

Construction Sector ◽

Causality Test ◽

Vector Error Correction ◽

The World ◽

Pearson Correlation Test

The construction sector exerts an exceptional impact on economic development all over the world. Adequate buildings and infrastructures made by the construction sector ensure that a country reaches certain targets like social development, industrialization, freight transportation, sustainable development, and urbanization. This study aims to determine the construction sector’s connectivity with other sectors through complex linkages that contribute immensely to the economy and gross domestic product (GDP). The data were collected from the Department of Statistics Malaysia and the World Bank from the year 1970 to 2019, and the Pearson correlation test, the cointegration test, and the Granger causality test were conducted. The vector error correction model (VECM) was created for short-term and long-term equilibrium analysis and impulse response function (IRF) was performed to study construction industry behavior. Afterwards, the forecasting was done for the year 2020 to 2050 of the Malaysian economy and GDP for the required sectors. It was revealed that some sectors, such as agriculture and services, have forward linkages while other sectors, such as manufacturing and mining, are independent of construction sector causality, which signifies the behavior of the contributing sectors when a recession occurs, hence generating significant revenue. The Malaysian economy is moving towards sustainable production with more emphasis on the construction sector. The outcome can be used as a benchmark by other countries to achieve sustainable development. The significance of this study is its usefulness for experts all over the world in terms of allocating resources to make the construction sector a sustainable sector after receiving a shock. A sustainable conceptual framework has been suggested for global application that shows the factors involved in the growth of the construction industry to ensure its sustainable development with time.

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