scholarly journals Deputies from the Mogilev province to the State Duma III and IV: social and political characteristics

2020 ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Lavrinovich
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
Electoral Law ◽  
The Church

The article reveals social characteristics of the State Duma deputies. The author shows that due to the censorship nature of the electoral law of 3 June 1907, the deputy corps was dominated by the representatives of the elite groups of population (nobles, large landowners). Besides, the important role was played by the deputies from the church and the officials. Most of them, according to their political views, were supporters of the conservative centre. Deputies focused on the Stolypin’s land reform and the draft law on the introduction of elected zemstvos in the western provinces of the Russian Empire. In 1915, part of deputies of Duma IV from Mogilev province joined the «Progressive coalition», took part in the fight against the tsarist government, and B. A. Engelhardt, as a Chairman of the Military Commission of the Provisional Committee in the State Duma, played an important role during the February Revolution of 1917.

scholarly journals A special meeting as an institution of emergency management of the russian empire during the First World war

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 33-40
Author(s):  
V. V. Sinichenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Management Functions ◽  
State Defense ◽  
The Military ◽  
Special Meeting

The article examines the issue of the effectiveness of the work of the Special meeting for combining measures to provide the active army with items of combat and material supplies, headed by the Minister of War. It is noted that the Special Meeting, which appeared on May 13, 1915, received extraordinary powers to carry out the economic mobilization of the entire national economy of the Russian Empire. These powers were legally formalized on August 17, 1915. From that moment in 1915, a Special meeting for the discussion and unification of measures for the defense of the state, for the provision of fuel for communication lines, state and public institutions and enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, for the food business and transportation of fuel and food and military cargo. This body, created in wartime conditions, was entrusted with extraordinary powers to manage state, public institutions and enterprises. The chairman of this meeting was the Minister of War, appointed directly by the emperor. It was he who could form commissions and subcommissions that dealt with both the procurement of weapons, equipment and equipment abroad, and directly with the implementation of a general domestic economic policy in the state for the development of certain branches of industrial and agricultural production. However, as the materials show, the transfer of management functions to the state apparatus and the entire mobilized economy of the country into the hands of the military department led to distortions in the development of the country’s national economy. Primary attention was paid to industrial enterprises working for the purposes of state defense, while the organization of food supply and transport support in the Russian Empire, despite the initiatives of the Ministry of Railways, the Ministry of Trade and Industry, the All-Russian Zemstvo Union, which had a representative in a Special Meeting, did not found due support and attention from the Chairperson of the Special Meeting.

scholarly journals Activities of Military Topographers in Western Siberia in Foreign and Domestic Policy of the Russian Empire in 19th Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 360-374
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Igumnov
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
River Channels ◽  
The North ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The activities of military topographers in Western Siberia to provide cartographic information on the foreign and domestic policies of the Russian Empire in Central Asia and Siberia in the 19th century are considered in the article. The role of information in the formation of the Russian Empire is emphasized. The contribution of the state to the organization of the study of the Asian regions of Russia and neighboring countries is noted. The establishment of the military topographic service in Western Siberia can be traced taking into account data on administrative transformations in the Siberian region, and on changes in the foreign policy of the Russian Empire. The participation of military topographers in determining and designating the state border with China is described in detail. The question of the role of military topographers in the scientific study of China and Mongolia is raised. The significance of the activities of military topographers for the policy of the Russian Empire on the socio-economic development of Siberia and the north-eastern part of the territory of modern Kazakhstan is revealed. The contribution of topographers to the construction of the Trans-Siberian railway, the design of river channels and new land routes is revealed. A large amount of literary sources, materials on the work of military topographers of Western Siberia, published in “Notes of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff” is used in the article.

scholarly journals Samara public figure and deputy of the State Duma of the Russian Empire V.A. Plemyannikov

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-180
Author(s):  
Andrey Ivanovich Eliseev
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Revolution ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Political Activities ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Local Branch ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
The Russian Empire

The paper analyzes published and archival documents, periodical materials, and memoirs of contemporaries; it is devoted to the socio-political activities of the member of the Samara Zemstvo Council, one of the organizers of the Samara Provincial and Buzuluk Uyezd Committees of the Constitutional Democratic Party, deputy of the first State Duma of the Russian Empire, Vasily Andreevich Plemyannikov. The author examines the work of V.A. Plemyannikov in the Zemstvo institutions of the Samara province and All-Russian Zemstvo Congresses, where he studied the situation in the region, gained rich experience in social activities, and formed his political views. The paper also contains an overview of Plemyannikovs relations with Central authorities and regional public organizations. The author argues that the years of the first Russian revolution became the peak of Plemyannikovs social and political activity. The paper is focused on the active participation of V.A. Plemyannikov in the State Duma election campaign and the organization of the local branch of the Constitutional Democratic Party in Buzuluk Uyezd. Due to his active propaganda work and political significance in the province, Plemyannikov was elected to the State Duma. In addition to the reconstruction of political activity of V.A. Plemyannikov, the paper introduces previously unknown biographical data.

The Adyghe-Russian Historical Interaction in the Reflection of the Works of the Adyghen Enlighteners

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Marianna H. Zagazezheva
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Military Power ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Two Cultures ◽  
The People ◽  
Political Views ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military

The article examines the features of the Adyghe-Russian relations in the works of the Adyghe educators. Their lives, activities, and socio-political views indicate the complexity and ambiguity of the Adyghe-Russian relations at all stages of their historical interaction. The history of relations between the Adyghes and Russia is full of both military clashes and periods of military cooperation, processes of rapprochement and mutual cultural enrichment. The author formulated and substantiated the idea that the historical context played the main role in the development of the views of the Adyghe enlighteners. The main feature of the worldview of the representatives of the Adyghe intelligentsia - duality is revealed. This was due to the simultaneous belonging of the Adyghe enlighteners to two cultures: Adyghe and Russian. Adyghe enlighteners advocated the integration of the people into the Russian Empire, but openly criticized the military-power methods of conquering the Adyghes. They proposed a number of measures for the peaceful integration of Circassians into the territorial, political, legal and cultural space of Russia, while preserving their national identity.

scholarly journals From the History of the Development of Public Education in the Russian Empire in the Late 19th - Early 20th Centuries (Illustrated by the Example of Altai)

2020 ◽  
pp. 38-46
Author(s):  
T.G. Nedzelyuk ◽  
I.N. Nikulina ◽  
M.N. Potupchik ◽  
O.A. Litvinova ◽  
D.V. Zhilyakov
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Educational Policy ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The article is dedicated to the history of the development of public education in Altai in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The authors focus on the process of establishing primary and secondary schools and vocational education institutions in the region. Economic processes (the decline of mining production in Altai, the intensification of resettlement processes in the region) and sociocultural changes in the country and the region - the growth of the number of educated people in Siberia and democratization of the education system in the Russian Empire as a whole - are considered as objective conditions for the development of education. The authors show the role of the public in the formation of primary schools in Altai. Speaking about the development of primary education in the region, such as the resettlement process, the authors of the article referred to the analysis of the activities of schools in the context of changing ethnic and religious composition of students and to the characterization of the educational policy of the State with regard to migrants of non-Russian origin. Studying the process of formation of gymnasium education in Altai, the authors focused on the opening of a men's gymnasium in Barnaul, considering that this event became a landmark for the development of the city. According to the authors’ opinion, studying the process of opening this gymnasium makes it possible to understand the dialectic of relations of the state and the society, the center and the regions. The article gives special attention to studying the impact of the military situation on the activities of educational institutions, for solving new tasks operating in wartime. In the end of the article, it was concluded that power institutions pursue utilitarian goals in the implementation of educational policy in remote regions.

Na europejskich frontach wojen Imperium Rosyjskiego w XIX wieku – aspekt militarny w twórczości wybranych rosyjskich malarzy epoki

Res Gestae ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 28-76
Author(s):  
Paweł Krokosz
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Important Message ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Military

The article analyses the military themes present in Russian paintings of the 19th century. The battle paintings under discussion underlined the heroism of the tsarist soldiers who participated in the multiple campaigns that Russia fought on land and at sea. They also glorified the governing elites for expanding the territory of the state. At the same time, the most important message conveyed through the canvases, which were commissioned most often by Russia’s rulers, was the might of the Russian Empire.

Relations of B.P. Mansurov with the chiefs of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem (1859-1885)

2020 ◽  
pp. 183-191
Author(s):  
Artyom A. Gravin ◽  
Oleg Y. Levin
Keyword(s):  
Church And State ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Holy Land ◽  
The People ◽  
State Archives ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
State Relations ◽  
The Church

The study is devoted to the activities of an official on special instructions B.P. Mansurova in Palestine and his relationship with the chiefs of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission - Archimandrite Porfiry (Uspensky), Bishop of Melitopol Kirill (Naumov), Archimandrite Antoninin (Kapustin). The relevance of the chosen topic is determined by the need to restore the overall picture of the Russian presence formation in the Holy Land. The novelty of the study consists in introducing into the scientific circulation sources from the personal fund of the Mansurovs’ documents from the State Archives of the Tambov Region (F. 978). It is shown that a significant part of B.P. Mansurov correspondence with Porfiry (Uspensky) was devoted to the problem of finding and organizing a marina for the reception of Russian pilgrims on Mount Athos. The Russian Society of Shipping and Trade was to act as a carrier of pilgrims. We reveal that B.P. Mansurov relations with Kyrill (Naumov) and Antonon (Kapustin) were accompanied by constant conflicts. The reason was the discrepancy between the interests of the Church and the state in the Holy Land. The church was oriented toward caring for the Mission, spiritual enlightenment, the life of pilgrims, and the state pursued the goal of protecting the interests of the Russian Empire in the Middle East. We establish that in the relations of B.P. Mansurova with the leaders of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission clearly manifested the problems of church and state relations of the Synodal period. In its activities, the Mission had to be guided by the instructions and consent of state institutions of the Russian Empire, sometimes to the detriment of inter-church relations, the cause of Christian enlightenment of the people.

scholarly journals Idea powrotu Ormian z rozproszenia do narodowej ojczyzny w świetle memoriałów Roberta Bogdanowicza z 1877 i 1884 roku

Lehahayer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 191-231
Author(s):  
Andrzej A. Zięba
Keyword(s):  
Russian Empire ◽  
Language Barrier ◽  
The State ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The Church

The idea of the return of Armenians from dispersal to their historicalhomeland in the context of the Robert Bogdanowicz’s memorials from 1877 and 1884 The article contains an analysis of the two memorials, of which the first,from 1877, remained in the manuscript, and the second, from 1885, was publishedunder the title The question of the Church of Armenian rite and its mission, as wellas the Armenian question in the East in their own country. Both were compiled byRobert Bogdanowicz, a landowner, a descendant of an Armenian family who hadlived in Poland for at least four centuries. The memorials were inspired by the author’scorrespondence with the Minister of Internal Affairs of the Russian Empire,Mikhail Loris-Melikov, and Armenian archbishop Gabriel Ayvazovski. Bogdanowiczdiscussed the issue of Armenia’s independence, and in Russia he saw a patronof the struggle for national liberation. He called for the return of Polish Armeniansto their homeland in order to rebuild the state and its culture and spread ArmenianCatholicism there. Bogdanowicz can be considered one of those political thinkers ofmodern Armenia who were the co-founders of the ideology of Armenian nationalism,although the language barrier excluded its influence on other parts of the Armeniandiaspora. He did not receive any significant response among his peers atfirst, but then gained a few like-minded followers in the generations that followed.Therefore, he can be considered a protagonist of the Armenian national renaissanceof Polish Armenians that took place between the two world wars, and whose furtherdevelopment was blocked by the destruction of their homeland in former Galicia andtheir dispersion after 1944.

Constructing Colonial Legality in Russian Central Asia: On Guardianship

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
The State ◽  
Institutional History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Legal Subjects ◽  
The Military

AbstractThe history of Islamic law in Russian Central Asia defies many of the categorizations offered by both global and Russian imperial history. Recent studies of law in the age of colonialism have concluded that the attainment of legal hegemony in the colonies was consequent upon the initiative of indigenes that strategically manipulated jurisdictions; as colonial subjects increasingly involved the state in their private conflicts, they effectively pushed their masters to consolidate the institutional arrangements through which the state dispensed justice. Historians of the Russian Empire have reached a diametrically different conclusion: under tsarist rule, they argue, Muslims continued to access the services of the “native courts,” which remained mostly untouched following Russia's southeastward expansion. As the empire promoted a policy of differentiated jurisprudence, Russians effectively safeguarded the integrity of Islamic law. I argue that both of the aforementioned approaches are confined to the level of institutional history, and thus fail to consider that the creation of colonial hegemony rested on ways in which colonial subjects understood law and viewed themselves as legal subjects. I show that Russians, from the outset of their rule in Central Asia, initiated Muslims into colonial forms of legality by overcoming the jurisdictional separation they had themselves put in place. In allowing the local population to file their grievances with the military bureaucracy, the Russians effectively pushed Central Asians to reify colonial notions of justice, and thereby distance themselves from the tradition of Islamic legal practices.

The Samarin Family and the Parish Question in the Russian Empire. 1860s–1910s

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 235-246
Author(s):  
Alexey L. Beglov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Church Life ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Church ◽  
Do So

The article examines the contribution of the representatives of the Samarin family to the development of the Parish issue in the Russian Empire in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The issue of expanding the rights of the laity in the sphere of parish self-government was one of the most debated problems of Church life in that period. The public discussion was initiated by D.F. Samarin (1827-1901). He formulated the “social concept” of the parish and parish reform, based on Slavophile views on society and the Church. In the beginning of the twentieth century his eldest son F.D. Samarin who was a member of the Special Council on the development the Orthodox parish project in 1907, and as such developed the Slavophile concept of the parish. In 1915, A.D. Samarin, who took up the position of the Chief Procurator of the Most Holy Synod, tried to make his contribution to the cause of the parish reforms, but he failed to do so due to his resignation.

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