scholarly journals EFFECT OF CONTROLLED-RELEASE SELENIUM GRANULES APPLIED WITH FERTILISER ON BLOOD LEVELS OF GRAZING SHEEP

1989 ◽  
pp. 95-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.H. Watkinson
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Low Rate

Two sheep grazing trials, at Awarua, Southland. and at Wairakei, central North Island, on selenium (&)-deficient and Se-retentive soils under a rainfall of about 1000 mm were used to test the duration of effectiveness of a mixture of standard and controlled-release Selcote Se granules applied at 0.5 kg/ha each. Selenium concentrations in blood of ewes and lambs were maintained above deficiency levels for 2 years in both trials. Peak values were observed or inferred from both rapid-release and slow-release granules. The pattern of pasture Se was consistent with blood Se values where sampling was sufficiently intensive to allow for the low rate of granule application. Keywords: Pasture, ewes, lambs, yellow-brown pumice soils, lowland yellow-brown earths, Selcote.

Efficacy and Rate of Release of EPTC and Butylate from Starch Encapsulated Formulations Under Greenhouse Conditions

Weed Science ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 679-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Schreiber ◽  
B. S. Shasha ◽  
M. A. Ross ◽  
P. L. Orwick ◽  
D. W. Edgecomb
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Residual Activity ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Initial Release ◽  
Wet Chemical ◽  
Selection Of

Four starch-encapsulated formulations of EPTC(S-ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) and of butylate(S-ethyl diisobutylthiocarbamate) were prepared and evaluated by comparison with their respective emulsifiable concentrate formulations for their slow-release capabilities and efficacies. Chemical and biological evaluation indicated that difference in controlled-release could be achieved by the selection of the starch xanthate and oxidant used in the formualtion process. EPTC and butylate released slower when formulated as starch-encapsulated granules than when formulated as emulsifiable concentrates under soil conditions that favored rapid release. The initial release was adequate for weed control and slow enough for desired residual activity. Repeated seeding and harvesting the treated soils and bioassays of treated soils generally produced release rate anticipated from short term dry and wet chemical tests.

Exploring siRNA Umpired Nanogels: A Tale of Barrier Combating Carrier

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (27) ◽  
pp. 3234-3250
Author(s):  
Sushil K. Kashaw ◽  
Prashant Sahu ◽  
Vaibhav Rajoriya ◽  
Pradeep Jana ◽  
Varsha Kashaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Release Kinetics ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Release Process ◽  
Rapid Release ◽  
Wide Range

Potential short interfering RNAs (siRNA) modulating gene expression have emerged as a novel therapeutic arsenal against a wide range of maladies and disorders containing cancer, viral infections, bacterial ailments and metabolic snags at the molecular level. Nanogel, in the current medicinal era, displayed a comprehensive range of significant drug delivery prospects. Biodegradation, swelling and de-swelling tendency, pHsensitive drug release and thermo-sensitivity are some of the renowned associated benefits of nanogel drug delivery system. Global researches have also showed that nanogel system significantly targets and delivers the biomolecules including DNAs, siRNA, protein, peptides and other biologically active molecules. Biomolecules delivery via nanogel system explored a wide range of pharmaceutical, biomedical engineering and agro-medicinal application. The siRNAs and DNAs delivery plays a vivacious role by addressing the hitches allied with chronic and contemporary therapeutic like generic possession and low constancy. They also incite release kinetics approach from slow-release while mingling to rapid release at the targets will be beneficial as interference RNAs delivery carriers. Therefore, in this research, we focused on the latest improvements in the delivery of siRNA loaded nanogels by enhancing the absorption, stability, sensitivity and combating the hindrances in cellular trafficking and release process.

scholarly journals Effects of Late Conversion from Twice-Daily to Once-Daily Slow Release Tacrolimus on the Insulin Resistance Indexes in Kidney Transplant Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Valeria Cademartori ◽  
Fabio Massarino ◽  
Emanuele L. Parodi ◽  
Ernesto Paoletti ◽  
Rodolfo Russo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Kidney Transplant ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
C Peptide ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Kidney Transplant Patients

The use of tacrolimus (Tac) may be involved in the development of new-onset diabetes after transplantation (NODAT) in a dose-related manner. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a standard twice-daily formulation of Tac (TacBID) vs. the once-daily slow-release formulation (TacOD) on the basal insulin resistance indexes (Homa and McAuley), and related metabolic parameters, in a cohort of kidney transplant patients. We retrospectively evaluated 20 stable renal transplant recipients who were switched from TacBID to TacOD. Blood levels of Tac were analyzed at one-month intervals from 6 months before to 8 months after conversion. Moreover, Homa and McAuley indexes, C-peptide, insulin, HbA1c, uric acid, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol serum levels and their associations with Tac levels were evaluated. We observed a significant decrease in Tac exposure (8.5 ± 2 ng/mL, CV 0.23 vs. 6.1 ± 1.9 ng/mL, CV 0.31, TacBID vs. TacOD periods, p < 0.001) and no significant changes in Homa (1.42 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.7, p > 0.05) and McAuley indexes (7.12 ± 1 vs. 7.58 ± 1.4, p > 0.05). Similarly, blood levels of glucose, insulin, HbA1c, lipids, and uric acid were unchanged between the two periods, while C-peptide resulted significantly lower after conversion to TacOD. These data suggest that in kidney transplant recipients, reduced Tac exposure has no significant effects on basal insulin sensitivity indexes and metabolic parameters.

Long-acting antibacterial agents

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (26) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Renal Excretion ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Prolonged Action ◽  
Procaine Penicillin ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
Release Form

A number of antibacterial agents have recently been developed which are recommended because they need to be administered infrequently. Examples are Deteclo (Lederle), Kelfizine W (Pharmitalia), and Vibramycin (Pfizer). The advantage claimed for these preparations is that adequate blood levels can be maintained with infrequent dosage. A prolonged action may be achieved in various ways - for example, by using a mixture of antibiotics which are absorbed and excreted at different rates, as in Deteclo;1 by giving high doses of a well absorbed preparation which is slowly excreted, e. g. doxycycline (Vibramycin),2 by administration in a slow-release form, e. g. procaine penicillin; or by giving probenecid to lessen renal excretion. Where prolongation of action depends on increased binding to plasma proteins, the drug may be more likely to act as a hapten and so to induce allergic reactions.

Environmentally Friendly Slow Release Nano-Chemicals in Agriculture

2019 ◽  
pp. 220-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Kothari ◽  
Khursheed Ahmad Wani
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Slow Discharge ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Population ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Agriculture is important for people all over the world in order to obtain food to sustain the ever-growing population. However, the current practices for obtaining more and more food has several environmental challenges. Hence, new environmentally friendly fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides have been developed that enhance crop yield by facilitating maximum nutrient uptake by the application of nanotechnology that will help in promoting sustainable agriculture by the slow or controlled release fertilizers. This slow discharge encourages improved delivery of nutrients to the plants that further speeds up early germination, fast growth, and high nutritional level. The current study is aimed to review nano-chemicals used in agriculture that have been developed by the researchers all over the world.

Investigation into the Controlled-Release Kinetic Models of Rose Perfume in SBA-15 and KIT-6

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 399-402
Author(s):  
Yi Feng Yu ◽  
Ai Bing Chen ◽  
Ting Ting Xing ◽  
Yun Hong Yu ◽  
Hai Jun Lv
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Pore Diameter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Release Kinetic ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Release Agent ◽  
Release Data ◽  
Release Kinetic Models ◽  
New System

A new system for the controlled release of rose perfume is presented. Mesoporous SBA-15 and KIT-6 materials as controlled-release agent are synthesized via hydrothermal method. Rose perfume was introduced into the pores of SBA-15 and KIT-6 via the incipient wetness impregnation method. This silica reservoir maintained a slow release of rose perfume over more than 10h. Rose perfume release was controlled by configurational diffusion in the SBA-15 and KIT-6 pores having free diameters of less than 12 nm. The release of rose perfume was tuned by adapting pore diameter and temperature. By fitting the release data, the results show that the release actions of rose perfume in SBA-15 and KIT-6 are consistent with Korsmeyer-Peppas model and First-order’model respectively.

scholarly journals Effect of Sward Height on Rumen Degradation in Merino Grazing Sheep

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 180-180
Author(s):  
A.R. Mantecón ◽  
M.D. Carro ◽  
F.J. Giráldez ◽  
M.J. Ranilla ◽  
P.R. Revesado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Sward Height ◽  
Grazing Sheep

It is now well established that the height of the sward grazed by sheep has a large effect on their performance (Hodgson, Mackie and Parker, 1986). However, there is a scarce of information about the rumen fermentation in sheep grazing at different sward heights. The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of sward height (4 vs 6 cm) on the rumen fermentation in Merino sheep which were continuously maintained on the pasture.The study was carried out on a continuously stocked pasture in August 1992. Twenty mature Merino sheep were used to obtain two different sward heights: 4 cm (low; LSH) and 6 cm (high; HSH). Sward height was measured twice weekly using a swardstick and was controlled by the addition and removal of sheep. Herbage mass was of 633 and 1397 kg of dry matter (DM)/Ha for the LSH and HSH paddocks, respectively.

The impact of sheep grazing on the depth of spider burrows and of burrows selected by the pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis)

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Clayton ◽  
Michael Bull
Keyword(s):  
Endangered Species ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Vegetative Cover ◽  
Austral Spring ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Essential Resource ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Domestic Stock

Context Grazing by domestic stock can potentially influence ecosystems positively or negatively, depending on the grazing regime and intensity. The pygmy bluetongue lizard (Tiliqua adelaidensis) is an endangered species, restricted to fragmented grasslands in the Mid North region of South Australia, predominantly grazed by sheep. These lizards refuge in vertical burrows. They do not dig their own burrows, instead relying on co-existing spiders for this essential resource. Aims We investigated how sheep grazing influenced spider burrows, and predicted the following: that grazing sheep might trample and destroy shallow burrows; that burrows in grazed habitat with less vegetative cover would have higher temperatures in summer; and that, by way of compensation, spiders would dig deeper burrows in grazed habitat. Methods We monitored 12 30m×30m plots monthly, over two austral spring/summer periods (September–March 2012–14). We recorded the number, depth and occupant of all spider burrows in those plots in each survey. We also measured temperatures inside artificial burrows in grazed and ungrazed habitat over a 3-day period in September 2014. Key results Mean burrow depth increased with grazing. This was not because individual burrows became deeper, but because the shallowest burrows were lost where there were sheep. Burrows were significantly hotter in grazed habitat, but lizards consistently chose deeper, cooler burrows. In the subset of burrows that were occupied by lizards, there was no difference in depth between grazed and ungrazed treatments. We detected no difference in spider digging activity between grazed and ungrazed plots. Conclusions Sheep grazing can destroy shallow burrows, probably through trampling, and because sheep produce burrow filling debris. However, grazing did not affect deeper burrows occupied by pygmy bluetongue lizards. Implications This short study indicated that moderate levels of grazing have low impact on deeper burrows suitable for pygmy bluetongue lizards and for lizard persistence. It explains how sheep and lizards have co-occurred for so long, but leaves open the question of how the loss of shallow burrows affects populations of the burrow-digging spiders that are an essential component of the lizard environment.

The digestion of food by the grazing sheep. IV. The effect of mastication on the release of soluble plant nitrogen

1965 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 855 ◽  
Author(s):  
JP Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Cold Water ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Soluble Nitrogen ◽  
Sheep Grazing ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Pasture Plants

The rate of release of soluble nitrogenous constituents from plant cells during the ingestion of green pasture plants has been studied. Boluses were collected either from sheep with oesophageal fistulae or from the rumen in sheep fitted with large rumen cannulae. Sheep grazing on pastures of different heights ingested food at widely varying rates. This was indicated by the rate of formation of boluses, which during 10-min collection periods ranged from 10.5 to 62.5 g/min. The rates at which bolus nitrogen reached the rumen ranged from 45 to 300 mg/min; of this, 20–45% (mean 26) was extractable with cold water. Approximately 50% of the extractable soluble nitrogen was protein nitrogen.

scholarly journals Chitosan Encapsulation of FerrateVI for Controlled Release to Water:Mechanistic Insights and Degradation of Organic Contaminant

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo-Yen Chen ◽  
Hsuen-Wen Kuo ◽  
Virender K. Sharma ◽  
Walter Den
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Acidic Solution ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Industrial Processes ◽  
The Core ◽  
Methylene Orange ◽  
Humid Environment ◽  
Neutral Conditions

AbstractTetraoxy-anion of iron in +6 oxidation state (FeVIO42−, FeVI), commonly called ferrate, has shown tremendous potential as a green oxidative agent for decontaminating water and air. Encapsulation of solid potassium salt of ferrate (K2FeO4) circumvents the inherent drawbacks of the instability of ferrate under humid conditions. In the encapsulated strategy, controlled release without exposing the solid ferrate to the humid environment avoids self-decomposition of the oxidant by water in the air, and the ferrate is mostly used to decontaminate water efficiently. This study demonstrated the formulation of oxidative microcapsules with natural materials present in chitosan, whose release rate of the core material can be controlled by the type of intermediate hydrocarbon layer and the pH-dependent swelling of chitosan shell. The pH played a pivotal role in swelling chitosan shell and releasing the core oxidant. In a strong acidic solution, chitosan tended to swell quickly and release FeVI at a faster rate than under neutral conditions. Additionally, among the several long-chain hydrocarbon compounds, oleic acid exhibited the strongest “locking” effect when applied as the intermediate layer, giving rise to the slow release of FeVI. Coconut oil and mineral oil, in comparison, allowed FeVI to penetrate the layer within shorter lengths of time and showed comparable degrees of degradation of target contaminant, methylene orange, under ambient temperature and near-neutral conditions. These findings have practical ramifications for remediating environmental and industrial processes.

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