scholarly journals Chicory for milk production

1998 ◽  
pp. 33-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.D. Waugh ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
S.L. Harris ◽  
E.R. Thom ◽  
P.J.A. Copeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Research Corporation

The 1997-98 season has seen a marked increase in the amount of chicory planted on dairy farms in New Zealand. However, no New Zealand data are available for milk production from dairy cows grazing chicory. As part of a larger trial examining the effect of summer forage crops on milk production, Grasslands Puna chicory was compared with Barkant turnips. In January and March 1998, grazing trials were conducted at No.1 Dairy, Dairying Research Corporation using 60 lactating twin cows. In January, chicory and turnips were break-fed at a constant allowance (4 kg DM/cow/ day) to supplement pasture offered at 3 allowances (15, 27.5 and 40 kg DM/cow/day). In March, these crops were fed at 3 levels (0, 4 and 8 kg DM/cow/ day) to supplement pasture offered at a constant allowance of 25 kg DM/cow/day. Chicory and turnips gave similar milksolids (MS) responses of 40-41 g MS/kg DM offered in January. Milksolids responses in March were higher for turnips, 34 g MS/kg DM vs 32 g MS/kg DM from chicory. In January and March the size of the milksolids response declined with increasing allowance. This could be attributed to an increasing amount of substitution at higher allowances. Chicory produced between 8.8 and 13.8 t DM/ha from 4 October to 10 March, offering a high quality summer-autumn forage crop and improved milk production when supplemented with pasture. Keywords: chicory, Cichorium intybus, pasture allowance, dairy cows, milk production, forage crops, turnips, milksolids

scholarly journals Endophyte and dairy production in New Zealand: experience at the Dairying Research Corporation

1999 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 39-44
Author(s):  
E.R. Thom ◽  
D.A. Clark ◽  
C.D. Waugh
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lolium Perenne L ◽  
Research Corporation

Sixteen short term tests of the effects of ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) endophyte on milk production from dairy cows were carried out at Dairying Research Corporation (DRC) sites in Taranaki (1992/93) and Waikato (1993-1999). Increasing contamination of endophyte-free areas with volunteer endophyte-infected ryegrass could have modified milk production responses to endophyte in the first of two trials in the Waikato (1993- 1996). Test periods were in spring, summer and autumn. Significant effects of endophyte on milk production were detected on only 4 occasions. Small (

The influence of parity on lactation curve coefficients in dairy cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 9-9
Author(s):  
N. C. Friggens ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
R. F. Veerkamp
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Lactation Curve ◽  
Ad Libitum

There are marked differences between heifers, 2nd parity and older cows in their lactation curves, even when they are offered high quality rations ad libitum. These differences indicate different energy requirements, and thus should be taken into account when formulating rations for the different parities. The objective of this study was to quantify how the pattern of milk production relative to time from calving is affected by parity for incorporation into energy requirement predictions.

Value of chicory crops to pasture-based dairy farms in the Waikato region of New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 153 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. ROMERA ◽  
G. J. DOOLE ◽  
E. N. KHAEMBAH
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Increase Milk Production ◽  
Broad Variation ◽  
Milk Solids ◽  
To Receive

SUMMARYChicory (Cichorium intybusL.) crops can increase milk production on New Zealand dairy farms through providing high-quality feed in late lactation. Non-linear optimization models of three Waikato dairy farms, differing in the degree to which imported supplement is used, were employed to evaluate chicory crops in this environment. At a baseline milk price of $NZ 7/kg milk solids, it was only profitable for chicory to be used on a farm where no imported supplement was fed. However, even then, only 0·04 of the farm area was planted and profit only increased by $NZ 30/ha (0·006 of baseline profit), relative to where it was not used. It was not optimal to plant any chicory on farms where imported feed was available, at the baseline milk price and cost of establishment considered here. This was evident because imported feed is more flexible than chicory for filling temporary feed gaps; also its use does not displace pasture production. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the unprofitability of chicory is robust to broad variation in calving date and the relative growth of chicory and pasture. Overall, results indicate that farmers are unlikely to receive adequate reward for the additional complexity arising from the utilization of chicory crops, especially when imported supplement provides more flexibility.

The effectiveness of dicyandiamide in reducing nitrous oxide emissions from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop in Southland, New Zealand

2008 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 160 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Smith ◽  
C. A. M. de Klein ◽  
R. M. Monaghan ◽  
W. D. Catto
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Spring Period ◽  
Simulated Grazing

A study was conducted in Southland, New Zealand to: (i) measure nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3–-N) leaching losses from a cattle-grazed, winter forage crop; and (ii) quantify the effect of dicyandiamide (DCD) in reducing these losses. Drainage losses were measured for 12 months (December 2005–November 2006) from a December-sown kale crop using 12 hydrologically isolated drainage plots at the Woodlands Research Station. N2O emissions were measured for 6 months (June–November) following simulated grazing of the crop in mid-June. N2O emissions from the bare ground following grazing of the crop amounted to 3.6 kg nitrogen (N)/ha for the winter–spring period. This figure is higher than that measured for pasture on the same soil type over a similar period. DCD application significantly reduced N2O emissions for the whole crop area by 25% over this period and reduced the N2O emission factor for urine by 54%. DCD application increased the length of time mineral N (0–10 cm soil depth) was maintained in the ammonium form and significantly reduced soil NO3–-N levels for 6 weeks following the simulated grazing. Annual NO3–-N losses in drainage under this winter forage crop were relatively high at 79 kg N/ha.year, with the majority of this (67%) being lost over the wet summer months (December–January rainfall 434 mm or 200% of normal) during crop growth. The application of DCD following the grazing resulted in a 47% decrease in NO3–-N leached over the winter–spring period (26 kg N/ha v. 14 kg N/ha) with this equating to a 29% decrease over the full 12-month measurement period. This study suggested that winter forage crops are major contributors to N losses from livestock farming systems in Southland and that DCD application following the grazing of such crops by cattle can significantly reduce N2O emissions and leaching N losses.

scholarly journals Monitoring the nutritional and reproductive state of dairy cows through the presence of urea in milk

2009 ◽  
Vol 52 (spe) ◽  
pp. 249-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Adriana Grande ◽  
Geraldo Tadeu dos Santos ◽  
Hilton Ribeiro ◽  
Júlio César Damasceno ◽  
Claudete Regina Alcalde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Somatic Cell Count ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Reproductive State ◽  
A Value ◽  
Milk Urea

The effects of farm, parity (PO) and month of parturition on milk production, percentage of fat and protein, somatic cell count (SCC), and milk urea nitrogen (MUN) concentration were assessed on four specialized dairy farms using 120 cows. Also, the effects of MUN on gestation rate (GR) and artificial insemination rate (AIR) in early lactation were studied. The parameters of production and milk quality were similar among farms and were not influenced by the month of parturition. Farm D presented the highest MUN concentration. Concentration of MUN, percentages of fat and protein and SCC were not influenced by PO. Cows with a value of MUN between 10.1 and 13.0 mg/dL had the highest AIR and GR between days 55 and 70 postpartum and after 70 days in milk. These data suggested that MUN concentration was a useful parameter to predict the nutritional and reproductive stages of dairy cows.

Hay supplements to overcome underfeeding of dairy cows. 2. Late lactation

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (109) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
KR King ◽  
CR Stockdale
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ration Composition

The effect of hay supplementation on the performance of dairy cows on a restricted intake of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture was studied in two 21 -day periods in the eighth and ninth months of lactation. In each period, there were three groups fed pasture only at mean intakes of 15.2, 11.5 and 7.3 kg/cow day-1, two groups fed at similar pasture restriction levels and supplemented with hay ad libitum, and one further group fed an average of 7.3 kg of pasture supplemented with only 4.3 kg of hay. The data were analyzed by regression, using total dry matter intake as the dependent variable, and pseudovariables were used to examine the effects of hay feeding. The relations between total dry matter intake and milk, butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production, and change in body condition of dairy cows were not altered by ration composition. Milk production declined linearly by 0.66 kg and 0.31 kg/cow day-1 in the eight and ninth months of lactation, respectively, for each kg reduction in total dry matter intake. Similar responses were obtained for butterfat, protein and solids-not-fat production. Gain in body condition of the cows also decreased as total intake fell, but the relation was curvilinear and not affected by stage of lactation. It was concluded that high quality hay can be used to overcome shortages of paspalum-dominant perennial pasture in autumn, and that it has similar. nutritive value to pasture in terms of milk production and body condition.

scholarly journals Opportunities to decrease the water quality impact of spring forage crops on dairy farms

2012 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
S.J. Dennis ◽  
R.W. Mcdowell ◽  
D.R. Stevens ◽  
D. Dalley
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
Rate Data ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
Farm Profitability ◽  
Water Quality Impact

Currently spring forage crops are used to manage late calving cows on the dairy platform, protect spring pasture from pugging damage, and allow the animals to feed on a mix of brassica and pasture to transition to a pasture-based diet. In addition, like winter forage crops, they could contribute considerable water quality contaminants via surface runoff. However, it may be possible to manage farms without spring forage crops. Two Southland dairy farms were used to show: 1) flowweighted mean concentrations of many water quality contaminants in surface runoff from a spring-grazed forage crop were similar to those found in studies of winter-grazed forage crops; and 2) that, using growth rate data for 2007-2012, in no year was the modelled forage crop beneficial from a feed supply perspective, and in all years the farms had similar financial performances and fewer feed deficits under all-grass management. Hence, good pasture management (e.g. avoiding treading damage using a stand-off pad and short grazing times) may negate the need for a spring forage crop, decreasing contaminant losses while not impairing farm profitability. Keywords: surface runoff, transition diet, water quality, winter forage crop.

scholarly journals Pasture silage in New Zealand - targets and current practice

1995 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Sw Howse ◽  
P. Isherwood ◽  
D.B. Miller ◽  
J.L. Well ◽  
C.M. Riddick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Feed Analysis ◽  
Supplementary Feed ◽  
National Information ◽  
Lincoln University

Pasture silage is harvested from surplus spring pasture on many New Zealand dairy farms, for use as a supplementary feed in times of feed shortage. Targets for the quality of silage suitable for feeding to lactating dairy cows are presented, as recommended by a silage workshop held in Hamilton in 1994. National information from the Lincoln University Analytical Laboratory are presented that show that pasture silage made in the 1994J95 season was well preserved. However, most of that silage had a feed quality below the target set for lactating dairy cows. Averages for DM digestibility were 65.5-67.9%, estimated M/D was 9.3-9.6 MJ ME/kg DM, and crude protein was 14.6 15.1%. Silage-making practices were analysed, based on silage samples entered in the 1994195 Livestock Improvement Advisory silage competition. The key to making high quality pasture silage in the 1994/95 season was to harvest pasture by the first week in November. Nitrogen fertiliser may be used to produce early surplus pasture without restricting the feed supply to grazing cows. Further survey work is planned to confirm observations made, and expand on practical recommendations for making high quality pasture silage. Keywords: dairying, feed analysis, nitrogen fertiliser, pasture, silage, silage additives

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