Definition by Adults of the Leading Type of Activity, as the Most Important Condition in the Mental Development of Young Children

This article indicates the importance of taking into account leading activities in creating conditions for the mental development of children. A theoretical analysis of the study showed that early age is the basis for the further development of the child. An adult should be able to regulate the cognitive actions of children. If the beginning of cognition is perception, but it is the manipulation of objects that is considered a condition for the development of thinking and speech. Actions with objects in a joint activity with an adult help the child gain a deeper knowledge of reality. As studies show, in objective actions, the child’s speech is stimulated. Speech development at an early age is the basis of the child’s mental development.

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Leading Activity of Young Children, as the Most Important Condition for Mental Development

Bulletin of Science and Practice ◽

10.33619/2414-2948/67/46 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

Author(s):

T. Kachikeev ◽

A. Kozhogeldiev

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Cognitive Activity ◽

Speech Development ◽

Mental Development ◽

Early Age ◽

Joint Activity ◽

Important Condition ◽

Child Speech ◽

Further Development

The importance of taking into account the leading type of activity in creating conditions for the mental development of children is confirmed by scientific research. The theoretical analysis of the study showed that early age is the basis for the further development of the child. The ability of an adult to regulate the cognitive activity of children determines their mental development. If the beginning of cognition is perception, but it is the manipulation of objects that is considered a condition for the development of thinking and speech. Actions with objects in joint activity with an adult help the child deeper cognition of reality. Studies show that in object-related actions, speech is stimulated in a child. Speech development at an early age leads to the better mental development of the child. The features of the leading activity at an early age have been proven by research by many scientists.

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Modern Recognized Methods of Working with Non-Speaking Children of Early Age Internationally

SHS Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/shsconf/20197010008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 ◽

pp. 10008

Author(s):

Elena Timofeeva ◽

Ksenia Timofeeva

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Speech Development ◽

Early Age ◽

Speech Acquisition ◽

Parent Child Relations ◽

Key Aspects ◽

Parent Child

This article deals with issues of organization and implementation of correctional care for young children with delayed speech development; we explore the key aspects of brain mechanisms which are fundamental to the child’s speech acquisition. Here we describe modern internationally recognized methods (Tomatis, Floortime, Theraplay) which can significantly increase the effectiveness of correctional and pedagogical work with non-speaking children. Substantial attention is paid to issues of parent-child relations.

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THE CONTENT AND ORGANIZATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS WITH YOUNG CHILDREN IN CONDITIONS OF MATERNAL DEPRIVATION

The Educational Discourse a collection of scientific papers ◽

10.33930/ed.2019.5007.33(5)-4 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 34-41

Author(s):

Tetyana Snyatkova

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Mental State ◽

Personal Development ◽

Institutional Care ◽

Educational Programs ◽

Maternal Deprivation ◽

Mental Development ◽

Educational Process ◽

Early Age ◽

Pedagogical Literature

In the psychological and pedagogical literature, the term “maternal deprivation” is used to refer to the mental state of the person that arose due to the insufficiency or complete absence of sensual, emotional ties between the child and the mother. The duration, strength, and age at which maternal deprivation began are the leading determinants of the level and breadth of impairment in a child's mental development. Even prolonged separation from the mother (for example, as a result of hospitalization of the child) leads to the traumatization of the child's psyche at an early age. Within the framework of the reform of the system of institutional care and upbringing of children in Ukraine, the question arises of the need to develop educational programs taking into account the specifics of the child's personal development in conditions of maternal deprivation.

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Breathing Problems During Sleep May Affect Mental Development in Infants and Young Children

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e601752007-001 ◽

2004 ◽

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Mental Development ◽

Infants And Young Children

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I doveri della moglie secondo gli insegnamenti di alcuni predicatori e scrittori tardomedievali

Przegląd Historyczny ◽

10.36693/ph.201901.pp.31-45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 31-45

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Young Children ◽

Social Status ◽

Free Time ◽

Early Age ◽

Social Standing ◽

Raising Children ◽

The Social ◽

Medieval Europe ◽

The Future

The society of medieval Europe had specific expectations for marriageable girls. From an early age girls were taught how to be wives and mothers, for example by being entrusted with the care of their younger siblings. The girls learned everything they would need in the future by observation. According to the teachings of preachers and writers at the time, girls, irrespective of their social status, were not meant to remain idle, as there were fears that with too much free time on their hands, they might spend it contemplating their looks, practising gestures that were to attract the attention of men or spending time alone in the streets and squares, thus exposing themselves to a variety of dangers. A wife was expected to bear a lot of children, preferably boys, because the mortality rate among young children was high at the time. Wifely duties also included raising children, at least until they were taken over by, for example, a tutor hired by the father, managing the household and ensuring every possible comfort for the husband. As Gilbert of Tournai noted, it was the mother who was expected to bring up the children in faith and to teach them good manners. The duties of the wife obviously depended on her social standing — different duties were expected from the wives of noblemen than from women lower down on the social ladder, who often had to help their husbands, in addition to doing everyday chores.

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THE UMBILICAL POLYP, A REMNANT OF THE OMPHALOMESENTERIC DUCT

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.20.1.98 ◽

1957 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 98-100

Author(s):

Stanley E. Crawford

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Intestinal Obstruction ◽

Neonatal Period ◽

Meckel’S Diverticulum ◽

Meckel's Diverticulum ◽

Recent Case ◽

Early Age ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Omphalomesenteric Duct ◽

Umbilical Polyp

THE PURPOSE of this paper is to report a recent case of an umbilical polyp and intestinal obstruction during the neonatal period. Umbilical polyps are rare. When present, they may be associated with Meckel's diverticulum because both are remnants of the omphalomesenteric duct. The presence of the visible polyp may give an external clue to otherwise obscure intraabdominal symptoms. A review of the literature earlier than 1916 is well summarized in a book by Thomas Cullen. This unusual volume lists six cases of umbilical polyp accompanied by other pathologic complications of Meckel's diverticulum. This author stressed that in these cases it should be pointed out to either the patient or his parents that possible intra-abdominal duct remnants may, at any time, give rise to symptoms such as intestinal obstruction. Penberthy and Benson reported a 9-year-old male with an umbilical polyp which had been present since birth and was without discharge. This youngster died following operation for intestinal obstruction due to volvulus about the diverticulum and its fibrous connection with the umbilical polyp. These authors pleaded for early elective operations in these cases prior to such complications. Gross gave other reasons for observation, and exploration at a reasonably early age, if a Meckel's diverticulum is suspected. Peritonitis from a ruptured Meckel's diverticulum is peculiarly dangerous; in young children the protecting omentum is inadequate and the migrating nature of the anomaly adds to the danger. Fluid from perforation of a diverticulum is usually of greater volume than that found in appendiceal rupture and abscess.

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Modern approach to diagnosis and treatment of seizures in newborns and early age children

Modern pediatrics. Ukraine ◽

10.15574/sp.2021.116.56 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 56-75

Author(s):

V.Yu. Martyniuk ◽

◽

T.K. Znamenska ◽

V.B. Shveikina ◽

V.A. Galagan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Young Children ◽

Synaptic Transmission ◽

Antiepileptic Drugs ◽

Metabolic Disorders ◽

Epileptiform Activity ◽

Diagnosis And Treatment ◽

High Tech ◽

Early Age ◽

Modern Approach ◽

Epileptic Syndromes

The article is devoted to the topical problem of neonatology and pediatric neurology — the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in newborns and young children. The work presents an algorithm for the diagnosis and treatment of epileptic seizures in children. It is indicated that the therapeutic effect of most antiepileptic drugs consists of modulation of voltage-gated and ligand-gated channels of membranes of neurons of the cerebral cortex, enhancement of inhibitory synaptic transmission or inhibition of activating synaptic transmission. The issues of the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of antiepileptic drugs are considered, taking into account the age characteristics of the child's body, in particular, newborns and early age children. The problems of drug interaction were discussed. The properties of individual antiepileptic drugs, which are used in newborns and young children, are considered. Emphasized are «polar» differences in the work of phenobarbital, which depend on the stage of epileptogenesis, namely: suppression of epileptiform activity at the early stage of epileptogenesis and its enhancement in the already formed epileptic focus (epileptic system). The literature data on the differentiated treatment of certain epileptic syndromes are presented. The issues on the prospects for the treatment of genetically determined diseases, which are accompanied by seizures associated with metabolic disorders, are considered. The modern high-tech methods of treatment of these diseases are noted. The role of diet therapy, co-factor therapy in the treatment of hereditary metabolic disorders, in particular, the ketogenic diet as a method of alternative treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy in children, is shown. No conflict of interest was declared by the authors. Key words: newborn, epilepsy, epileptic encephalopathy, treatment, antiepileptic drugs, review.

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Social and cultural aspects of child feeding early age

NATURE AND SCIENCE ◽

10.36719/2707-1146/04/32-35 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 03 (04) ◽

pp. 32-35

Author(s):

Sabir Nurgalam Amiraliev ◽

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Young Children ◽

Key Words ◽

Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽

Eating Habits ◽

Positive Association ◽

Early Age ◽

Emotional Needs ◽

Child Feeding ◽

Cultural Aspects

Eating habits formed at an early age will have different consequences throughout people's lives. For the first 6 months of life, it is recommended that the baby be exclusively breastfed, as breast milk is the only food that can satisfy all the nutritional and emotional needs of the baby during this period and provide an intense bond between mother and baby. In addition, there is a positive association between the duration of exclusive breastfeeding and a healthier diet in later childhood. Key words: food, eating habits, young children

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Water Jet Applicator for Interface Tissue Removal in Minimally Invasive Hip Refixation: Testing the Principle and Design of Prototype

Journal of Medical Devices ◽

10.1115/1.4043293 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Gert Kraaij ◽

Arjo J. Loeve ◽

Jenny Dankelman ◽

Rob G. H. H. Nelissen ◽

Edward R. Valstar

Keyword(s):

Theoretical Analysis ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Water Pressure ◽

Minimal Invasive ◽

Outer Diameter ◽

Experimental Setup ◽

Technical Requirements ◽

Tissue Removal ◽

Further Development

Mechanical loosening of implants is in the majority accompanied with a periprosthetic interface membrane, which has to be removed during revision surgery. The same is true if a minimal invasive (percutaneous) refixation of a loose implant is done. We describe the requirements for a waterjet applicator for interface tissue removal for this percutaneous hip refixation technique. The technical requirements were either obtained from a literature review, a theoretical analysis, or by experimental setup. Based on the requirements, a waterjet applicator is designed which is basically a flexible tube (outer diameter 3 mm) with two channels. One channel for the water supply (diameter 0.9 mm) and one for suction to evacuate water and morcellated interface tissue from the periprosthetic cavity. The applicator has a rigid tip (length 6 mm), which directs the water flow to create two waterjets (diameter 0.2 mm), both focused into the suction channel. The functionality of this new applicator is demonstrated by testing a prototype of the applicator tip in an in vitro experimental setup. This testing has shown that the designed applicator for interface tissue removal will eliminate the risk of water pressure buildup; the ejected water was immediately evacuated from the periprosthetic cavity. Blocking of the suction opening was prevented because the jets cut through interface tissue that gets in front of the suction channel. Although further development of the water applicator is necessary, the presented design of the applicator is suitable for interface tissue removal in a minimally invasive hip refixation procedure.

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