scholarly journals Between Nature and Culture: Lévi-Strauss’s Structural Analysis of Myth in the Light of Semiotics

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (30) ◽  
pp. 211-217
Author(s):  
Tatiana Jankowska
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Symbolic Communication ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
Structural Linguistics ◽  
The World ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
Different Cultures

This article presents the influence of Claude Lévi-Strauss’s research in the field of cultural antropology on the guidelines and concepts of semiotics. Much empirical research in semiotics, connected with different systems of signs and revealing their functions in archaic human cultures, has been conducted on the ground of structural analysis. They are connected, among other things, with different cultures and societies, diversified both spatially and temporally. Thus, the integrating role of myth, as well as its uniting functions in the case of the organization of an individual consciousness, have a primeval modeling impact on the semiotic systems. According to Lévi-Strauss, there is a certain regularity of behaviors that stand for the mechanism of human symbolic communication. This regularity exists as an extention of the theory of signs that was previously worked out in the fields of structural linguistics and semiology. Lévi-Strauss’s theory concerns the collective unconscious of “the human mind” and is devoted to the unconscious nature of cultural phenomena, with a focus on searching for universal rules of thinking that are appropriate to all human minds. The subject of semiotics is a group of sign systems developed in different cultures. A cultural text presents a certain model of the world that we read using codes. The system of mythological signs reveals the cosmological concept of reality with relation to the mythopoetic view of the world.

scholarly journals Projections: Semiotics of culture in Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 463-477
Author(s):  
Irene Machado
Keyword(s):  
Central Point ◽  
Internal Displacement ◽  
Cultural Traditions ◽  
Nature And Culture ◽  
Sign Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Textual History ◽  
Brazilian Culture ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
The Relationship

Projection is a dialogical mechanism that concerns the relationship among other things in the world or in various systems, both in nature and culture. Instead of isolating these systems, projection creates an ecosystem without bordeline. Projection is a way to comprehend how different cultures can link, enrich and develop one another by understanding the relationship amoung different sign systems. From this central point of semiotics of culture, different cultural traditions can be related to one another by considering the nature of their sign systems. That is why it is that the object of semiotics of culture is not culture but its sign systems. That is why we understand the nature of relationship among sign systems as projection. In this article, we are interested in a particular kind of projection: that one in which the formulations of semiotics of culture of Slavic tradition project themselves onto the Brazilian culture. The conceptual field of Russian semiotics – dialogism, carnivalization, hybridity, border, outsideness, heteroglossia, textuality and modelling semiotic sign systems – projects itself on the equally defining aspects of the semiotic identity of the Brazilian culture. I will refer here to two sets of projections: the concept of textual history, as a possibility to reach internal displacement within the culture, and the notion of semiodiversity prodused by the meeting of different sign systems.

The Role of Cognitive Patterns in Modelling Reality by Means of Natural Language (The Case Study of the English Cognitive Pattern “Cleanness / Dirtiness”)

2021 ◽  
pp. 69-81
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Savitskaya ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Natural Language ◽  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Specific Language ◽  
Cognitive Patterns ◽  
Cognitive Pattern ◽  
The World ◽  
Internal Comparison

In the field of cognitive linguistics it is accepted that, before developing its capacity for abstract and theoretical thought, the human mind went through the stage of reflecting reality through concrete images and thus has inherited old cognitive patterns. Even abstract notions of the modern civilization are based on traditional concrete images, and it is all fixed in natural language units. By way of illustration, the author analyzes the cognitive pattern “сleanness / dirtiness” as a constituent part of the English linguoculture, looking at the whole range of its verbal realization and demonstrating its influence on language-based thinking and modeling of reality. Comparing meanings of language units with their inner forms enabled the author to establish the connection between abstract notions and concrete images within cognitive patterns. Using the method of internal comparison and applying the results of etymological reconstruction of language units’ inner form made it possible to see how the world is viewed by representatives of the English linguoculture. Apparently, in the English linguoculture images of cleanness / dirtiness symbolize mainly two thematic areas: that of morality and that of renewal. Since every ethnic group has its own axiological dominants (key values) that determine the expressiveness of verbal invectives, one can draw the conclusion that people perceive and comprehend world fragments through the prism of mental stereo-types fixed in the inner form of language units. Sometimes, in relation to specific language units, a conflict arises between the inner form which retains traditional thinking and a meaning that reflects modern reality. Still, linguoculture is a constantly evolving entity, and its de-velopment entails breaking established stereotypes and creating new ones. Linguistically, the victory of the new over the old is manifested in the “dying out” of the verbal support for pre-vious cognitive patterns, which leads to “reprogramming” (“recoding”) of linguoculture rep-resentatives’ mentality.

Is Entrepreneurship Education Key to All Entrepreneurial Initiatives?

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-63
Author(s):  
Joana Costa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
The Core ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Employment Generation ◽  
Different Cultures

Entrepreneurship is a worldwide reality. Since the beginning of times and all around the world people have created businesses. Entrepreneurial orientation, from a macroeconomic perspective, allows income and employment generation, thus boosting growth. At the microeconomic level, it is a competition booster playing a central role in a globalized market. In this entrepreneurial ecosystem in which knowledge-based activity is the core booster of employment, economic growth, and competitiveness, universities and, in particular, entrepreneurial universities play either the role of knowledge production and dissemination. The present work aims to understand the role of education (formal and entrepreneurship) on entrepreneurial activity combined with heterogeneous individual characteristics and different cultures and geographies. Specifically, the study identifies substitution and complementary effects among both types of education according to individual taxonomies.

scholarly journals Peran Agama Dalam Masyarakat Multikultural

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (01) ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Siti Rohmaniah
Keyword(s):  
Social Organization ◽  
Academic Environment ◽  
Discussion Forums ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Religious Background ◽  
Special Character ◽  
The World ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Different Cultures

Multiculturalism is the recognition that different cultures can exist in the same environment and benefit each other. Multicultural societies have become a special character of the nation more specifically in Indonesian society, and have been discussed in various activities, seminars, discussion forums and in academic environment. Multicultural society is a society consisting of several kinds of cultural communities with all its advantages, with little difference in the conception of the world, a system of meaning, values, forms of social organization, history, customs and habits The role of religion will constructively make religious ties more stringent, often even exceeding the bondage of blood and nasab or ductility relationships. Then because of religion, a community or society will live in unified harmony and peace and unity. Conversely, destructively, religion also has destructive power, destroys unity and can even break the bond of unity. It makes a conflict with a religious background difficult to predict the end. The religion has the potential to generate an internal and external conflicts that ultimately can harm the community itself.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MUSIC IN STRESS MANAGEMENT

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1SE) ◽  
pp. 1-39
Author(s):  
Anuradha Awasthi
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Stress Management ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
The Body ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Mechanisms ◽  
Happy Life ◽  
The World ◽  
Unique Power

Stress management refers to the development of certain psychological and physiological mechanisms that can be learned to reduce the side effects of human body and mind. According to Richard Lazarus and Susan Folk Men, when a person has few resources to reach a goal and the work to be done is too much, then he gets stressed. Research by Walter Cannon and Hans Salleay found that stress has negative effects on the body and mind. It is necessary for every human being to learn the techniques of stress management in order to live a satisfying, balanced and happy life. One of these techniques is the use of music. According to Jain Collingwood, music has such unique power that it reduces stress by affecting us emotionally. The melody of music makes the human mind happy, the lyrics of the song inspire the person and the heart likes the rhythm. Music affects all humans. The tradition of singing and dancing with different instruments in different languages ​​and dialects has been found in all the societies of the world, that is, music provides universal joy. तनाव प्रबंधन का अर्थ कुछ ऐसी मनेावैज्ञानिक और शारीरिक क्रियाआंे की प्रणाली विकसित करने से है जिन्हें सीख कर मनुष्य के शरीर और मन पर पडने वाले दुष्प्रभावोें को कम किया जा सकता है। रिचर्ड लज़ारस तथा सुसैन फोक मेन के अनुसार जब मनुष्य के पास किसी लक्ष्य तक पहुंचने के लिए संसाधन कम होते है और पूरे किये जाने वाले काम बहुत अधिक होते है तो उसे तनाव होता है। वाॅल्टर कैनन तथा हैन्स सेल्ये ने मनुष्यों तथा प्राणियों पर किये गये शोध मे पाया कि तनाव शरीर और मन पर नकारात्मक प्रभाव डालता है। प्रत्येक मनुष्य के लिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह संतोषप्रद, संतुलित और सुखी जीवन जीने के लिये तनाव प्रबंधन की तकनीके सीखे। इन्हीं तकनीको मे से एक है संगीत का उपयोग। जैन कालिंगवुड के अनुसार संगीत मे एैसी अनोखी शक्ति होती है जो कि हमें भावनात्मक रूप से प्रभावित कर तनाव को कम करती है। संगीत की स्वर लहरियाँ मनुष्य के मन को आनंदित करती हैं गीत के बोल व्यक्ति को प्रेरित करते हैं तथा लय मन को अच्छी लगती है। सभी मनुष्यों को संगीत प्रभावित करता है। विश्व के सभी समाजों मंे भिन्न - भिन्न भाषाओं और बोलियों में विभिन्न वाद्यों के साथ गाने तथा नृत्य करने की परंपरा पाई गई है अर्थात् संगीत सार्वभौमिक रूप से आनन्द प्रदान करता है।

THE ROLE OF LINGUISTIC ASPECT IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.T. ABDUKADYROVA ◽  
◽  
T.A. TSUTSASHVILI ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Native Speakers ◽  
Scientific Understanding ◽  
Semantic Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Different Cultures

The purpose of this article is a scientific understanding of the methodological and theoretical problems of the linguistic aspect in intercultural communication. The importance of this article is due to the fact that the focus is on the study of linguistic aspects that can affect communication between native speakers of different languages. The linguistic aspect is not limited to identifying semantic features of words in different languages. It also covers the comparison of various communicative situations, ways of dividing the world by language means, and the comparison of speech behavior of representatives of different cultures. The result of the research is the conclusion that the language aspect of intercultural communication should focus not on finding "equivalents", but on studying extralinguistic differences, taking into account that concepts in two different languages may differ. The "meaning" of a word is the thread that connects the language world with the world of reality for the speaker.

“If you think of the world as a piece of custard…”: gifted children's use of metaphor as a tool for conceptual reasoning

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Hymer
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
The World ◽  
Conceptual Reasoning ◽  
Extension Activity ◽  
Out Of School

This small-scale qualitative study examines the transcript of a group enquiry conducted according to the practice of philosophical enquiry with children (e.g. Lipman, 1993; Cam, 1995; Fisher, 1998). The enquiry was one of several held fortnightly and out of school hours — as an optional extension activity — with a group of verbally able pre-adolescent children aged eight to twelve years. The transcript was subjected to an interpretive structural analysis, and a central metaphor was explored for its usefulness to the children as a tool for reasoning. Two competing repertoires of discourse (Sherrard, 1997) were identified, reflecting the children's tendency either to hold ideas or constructs as being essentially separate (the analysis repertoire) or as being susceptible to reconciliation (the synthesis repertoire). The central metaphor was seen to play the role of a ‘conceptual playground,’ permitting the children to exercise both their imaginations and their reasoning abilities as they struggled to reconcile the competing repertoires.

scholarly journals Promoting Independent Learning

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2 (14)) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Ofelya Poghosyan ◽  
Varduhi Ghumashyan
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Independent Learning ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Know How ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Language ◽  
Clear Idea ◽  
Different Cultures

At present the role of independent learning has become more crucial than ever. The rapid development of close ties between the countries of the world, the requirement of urgent solutions to numerous problems connected with ecology, peace, politics, economy, art, etc. have strengthened the need for an international global language in order to exchange information between different cultures. Today this language is English and, consequently, learning English has become a must. The effectiveness of learning in general and that of independent learning in particular depends on the level of responsibility of the students. In other words, the student, who in fact is a learner, should have a clear idea of the plan of his/her study. The students should know how much time, effort and money they are going to ‘invest’ into their studies, and, moreover, they should be responsible for their own role in the interactive, student-centered ‘give and take’ process of learning a foreign language.

scholarly journals The Master as a Historical, Cultural and Pedagogical Category: An Introduction

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-69
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Kola
Keyword(s):  
Art Education ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Semantic Category ◽  
Moral Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Different Cultures

The Master is a semantic category which exists in every culture and in every historical moment in the world. The tasks and the role of the master in society are changing, but nevertheless, masters continue to support the development of science, art, education or moral systems. There are many different contexts for this category that reveal specific aspects of being the master, as well as the value of the relation between a master and a student. The aim of this text is to characterize them and take readers on a literary and scientific journey through different cultures, past centuries, and social institutions that will help us to better understand the phenomenon of the master(s).  

Teaching about depression in different cultures: Experience gained in the use of the WPA educational programme on depressive disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 2137-2137
Author(s):  
N. Sartorius
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
Cultural Issues ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Cultures

Aware of the huge and growing public health importance of depressive disorders the World Psychiatric Association developed an educational programme that brought together materials that psychiatrists could use in teaching other medical staff - for example general practitioners - about depression and its management. The programme was translated in many languages and widely used. Reports about the usefulness of the programme were very positive and usually drew attention to the fact that the programme contained a large amount of data that could be used in composing teaching curricula appropriate for the different settings in which the training was to take place. The experience gained in the use of the programme guided the development of the updated version of the programme released in 2009. As in the first edition, information was made available so that teachers could use in composing their educational activities. In addition however, a special chapter has been added to the programme addressing the role of culture in the presentation of depression and in its management. The presentation will describe the programme and its development. It will in particular describe the parts of the programme dealing with cultural issues and with the methods of education of general practitioners.

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