The Coptic Theme

2019 ◽  
pp. 153-188
Author(s):  
Christina Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Religious Violence ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Criticism

This chapter explores literary engagements with Coptic Christianity in works by Baha’ Tahir, Idwar al-Kharrat, Salwa Bakr and Yusuf Zaydan. It explores Baha’ Tahir’s Khalati Safiyya wa’l-Dayr (1991) as a complex allegory of religious tolerance and reads Idwar al-Kharrat’s Turabuha Zaʿfaran (1986) as an example of Deleuze and Guattari’s concept of minor discourse whilst paying attention to Christian scriptural reference and themes of religious tolerance and Coptic identity. It then examines how Salwa Bakr’s Al-Bashmuri (1998) and Yusuf Zaydan’s ‘Azazil (2008) rewrite history from a Coptic perspective in order to redress the historical marginalisation of Egypt’s Christians and to destabilise certain myths of history and nation. Religious tolerance, religious violence and religious criticism as represented in these works are also examined.

scholarly journals Post-War Religious Violence, Counter-State Response and Religious Harmony in Sri Lanka

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-223
Author(s):  
Mohammad Agus Yusoff ◽  
Athambawa Sarjoon
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Nationalism ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
State Response ◽  
Religious Intolerance ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War

Abstract Sri Lankan military forces and government authorities have succeeded to counter measure terrorism by defeating the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). However, their initiatives and efforts to restore peace and harmony among different ethno-religious groups in the post-war context are highly complex. The additional space given to the reemergence of radical religious groups has negatively influenced the process of fostering religious tolerance and harmony, which have been maintained for centuries in the country. Ethno-religious minorities became the major targets of religious hatred and violent attacks. At both the societal and political platforms, majoritarian religious sentiments and discourse have established a dominant presence in opposing the existence and practice of the religious fundamentals of minorities. This study has attempted to investigate the nature and impact of majoritarian religious violence in post-war Sri Lanka, as well as the efforts made by the government authorities to control them in order to foster religious tolerance and harmony in the country. This study argues that religious violence under the shadow of religious nationalism has been promoted by many forces as a mechanism by which to consolidate a majoritarian ethno-religious hegemony in the absence of competing ethnic-groups context in post-war Sri Lanka. In many ways, state apparatuses have failed to control religious violence, maintain religious tolerance and inter-religious harmony, particularly of accommodating minorities in nature. The study concludes that the continuous promotion of majoritarian religious hegemony through anti-minority religious hatred and violence would further promote religious intolerance and radicalism challenging the establishment of religious harmony in the country.

scholarly journals The Correlation Analysis of Islamic Education (PAI) Learning Outcomes with Religious Tolerance at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia (UPI)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
Hasan Albana ◽  
Abas Asyafah ◽  
Munawar Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Inferential Analysis ◽  
Religious Understanding

This study is motivated by the rampant cases and the spread of intolerant and radical understanding. The cases of intolerance and radicalization even occur to students who should possess a tolerant religious understanding and not get caught up in the indoctrination of religious violence. This study aims to analyze the correlation between PAI learning outcomes and religious tolerance. It applies a causal design and quantitative approach with survey method. The population of UPI Bumi Siliwangi is 24.340 students. The data is collected by utilizing probality sampling technique (cluster sampling). There are 344 respondents and questionnaires are served as the research instrument. Then, the data is analyzed by using descriptive and inferential analysis with the assistance of SPSS. The results of this study indicate that the learning outcomes of UPI students mostly get A is at the level of 45,9%. Religious tolerance of UPI students is generally at the most tolerant level of 61,63%. Tolerance to other religions is highest at the tolerant level of 60,17. Tolerance to the same religion but with different understanding, in this case is minority mazhab, is mostly tend to be intolerant level of 47,67%. Tolerance to the state and government, is mostly at the tolerant level of 38,66%. This study finds that there is no significant correlation between PAI learning outcomes and religious tolerance among the UPI students.

scholarly journals Pesantren Responses to Religious Tolerance, Pluralism and Democracy in Indonesia

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurrohman Nurrohman
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
National Level ◽  
Boarding School ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
West Java ◽  
Religious Doctrine ◽  
Radical Group ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Nahdlatul Ulama

Pesantren (Islamic boarding school) is the oldest Islamic institution in Indonesia that often affiliated to the largest mass Muslim organization Nahdlatul Ulama. This organization is well known for its stance to uphold moderate, tolerance Islam and accepting pluralistic state based on Pancasila. Pesantren also often referred as the barometer to understand the way of thinking of Muslims grass root in Indonesia because many Islamic figures in Indonesian village are alumni of pesantren.  There are debates among scholars on whether religious violence has a root in religious doctrine or it is caused by factors outside religion such as poverty or injustice. By assuming that both inside and outside factors have significant contribution to violence or radicalism this study will discuss the doctrine that potentially can be used to justify violence and intolerance by reviewing the opinion of pesantren leaders in West Java on jihad, violence or intolerance and power. This study is aimed to examine whether the commitment of Muslim leaders in national level on democracy and plurality is supported by grass root particularly from pesantren leaders.  Overall the study found that although they agree that democracy is compatible with Islam, this study reveals that their acceptance to pluralism still be questioned as evidenced by almost half of them supported theocratic caliphate carry out by radical group. Although many argued that pesantren promotes tolerance and pluralism, nevertheless this  study shows that some of their teaching tacitly supported violence act in the name of religion that will tarnished the effort of Indonesia to synchronize Islam, democracy and modernity. It means that many of them actually not wholeheartedly accepted democracy and pluralism.

On Girard

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Mark Juergensmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Driving Force ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Symbolic Violence ◽  
Acting Out ◽  
Mimetic Desire ◽  
The World ◽  
Violent Acts

Much of what Freud and Girard have said about the function of symbolic violence in religion has been persuasive. Even if one questions, as I do, Girard’s idea that mimetic desire is the sole driving force behind symbols of religious violence, one can still agree that mimesis is a significant factor. One can also agree with the theme that Girard borrows from Freud, that the ritualized acting out of violent acts plays a role in displacing feelings of aggression, thereby allowing the world to be a more peaceful place in which to live. But the critical issue remains as to whether sacrifice should be regarded as the context for viewing all other forms of religious violence, as Girard and Freud have contended.

Beyond Religious Freedom

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Shakman Hurd
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Religious Freedom ◽  
Nation Building ◽  
Global Politics ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Religious Minorities ◽  
Religious Difference ◽  
Power Difference ◽  
Ways Of Being

In recent years, North American and European nations have sought to legally remake religion in other countries through an unprecedented array of international initiatives. Policymakers have rallied around the notion that the fostering of religious freedom, interfaith dialogue, religious tolerance, and protections for religious minorities are the keys to combating persecution and discrimination. This book argues that these initiatives create the very social tensions and divisions they are meant to overcome. It looks at three critical channels of state-sponsored intervention: international religious freedom advocacy, development assistance and nation building, and international law. It shows how these initiatives make religious difference a matter of law, resulting in a divide that favors forms of religion authorized by those in power and excludes other ways of being and belonging. In exploring the dizzying power dynamics and blurred boundaries that characterize relations between “expert religion,” “governed religion,” and “lived religion,” the book charts new territory in the study of religion in global politics. The book provides new insights into today's most pressing dilemmas of power, difference, and governance.

Religion and Religiosity: A Path to War or Peace

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-69
Author(s):  
Ghada Awada
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Method ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Model ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Humanistic Approach ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Divine Origin

Abstract The study was set to examine the differences between religion and religiosity and to explore how communities can be protected against religious violence. The study also intended to investigate the motives and the effect that religious violence has had throughout history. The study employed the qualitative research method whereby the researcher carried out a meta-analysis synthesis of different research findings to make conclusions and implications that could answer the study questions. Using the literature review they conducted, the researchers carried out data collection. As such, the researcher employed the bottom-up approach to identify the problem and the questions along with the investigation framework of what they decided to explore. The findings of the study revealed that religious backgrounds should be the cornerstone to realize the diff erence between religion and religiosity. Religion is of divine origin whereas religiosity is specifically a humanistic approach and a behavioral model. The religious violence phenomenon is formed by interlocking factors such as the interpretation of religious texts which clearly adopt thoughts and heritage full of violence camouflaged by religion. It is recommended that governments use a strong strategy employing the educational system, summits and dialogs to successfully overcome religious violence. The summits on religion should result in starting a dialog that ensures acceptance of the different religions.

Humanising the Dehumanised: Emotion and Being in the Violence of the Islamic State (IS): An Alternative Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quraysha Bibi Ismail Sooliman
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Human Agency ◽  
The State ◽  
Religious Violence ◽  
The Political ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Western Civilisation ◽  
Ongoing Project

This paper considers the effect of violence on the emotions of IS fighters and the resultant consequences of those emotions as a factor in their choice to use violence. By interrogating the human aspect of the fighters, I am focusing not on religion but on human agency as a factor in the violence. In this regard, this paper is about reorienting the question about the violence of IS not as “religious” violence but as a response to how these fighters perceive what is happening to them and their homeland. It is about politicising the political, about the violence of the state and its coalition of killing as opposed to a consistent effort to frame the violence into an explanation of “extremist religious ideology.” This shift in analysis is significant because of the increasing harm that is caused by the rise in Islamophobia where all Muslims are considered “radical” and are dehumanised. This is by no means a new project; rather it reflects the ongoing project of distortion of and animosity toward Islam, the suspension of ethics and the naturalisation of war. It is about an advocacy for war by hegemonic powers and (puppet regimes) states against racialised groups in the name of defending liberal values. Furthermore, the myth of religious violence has served to advance the goals of power which have been used in domestic and foreign policy to marginalise and dehumanise Muslims and to portray the violence of the secular state as a justified intervention in order to protect Western civilisation and the secular subject.

Michela de Montaigne’a filozofia człowieka

2020 ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Marek Błaszczyk
Keyword(s):  
Life Experience ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Moral Values ◽  
Cultural Relativism ◽  
Religious Tolerance ◽  
Existential Philosophy ◽  
Art Of Living ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
Academic Philosophy

The article aims to show the main aspects of Michel de Montaigne’s philosophy of man, exposing the existential themes presented in it. The paper presents Montaigne’s critique of speculative (academic) philosophy, his reluctance to construct a philosophical system, to describe and explain human life experience as a whole. The article emphasizes that the French philosopher appears as a defender of religious tolerance, a spokesman of dialogue and cultural relativism, and also – considering the existential themes of his work (the problem of loneliness, moral values or art of living) – that he may be considered a pioneer of existential philosophy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document