Britain's Channel 4: A TV Provider Caught Between Private Sector Funding and Its Cultural Mission

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 418-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Bock ◽  
Siegfried Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Independent Film ◽  
Television Channel ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Funding Mechanism ◽  
Contemporary Perspective ◽  
Hybrid Character ◽  
Commercial Station ◽  
First Time

This article, which first appeared in Media Perspektiven 1 (1987), is published here for the first time in English. It offers an enlightening contemporary perspective, from the then German Federal Republic, on the innovation in European broadcasting which Channel 4 represented. It outlines the policy context which gave rise to the UK's fourth television channel and describes its unique, hybrid character as a commercial station funded by advertising revenue with a public service remit. It assesses the strengths and weaknesses of Channel 4's commissioning structure and identifies significant examples of its innovative programming, paying particular attention to its support for independent film. That emphasis is noteworthy since it was West German television's film-funding mechanism that provided the model on which Film on Four was based. The article recognises Channel 4's commitment to catering for minority audiences, to enabling broader access to programme-making and to commissioning work that was experimental in form and content. It is generous in suggesting that such a risk-taking cultural enterprise was only possible within the UK's mature and highly developed broadcasting ecology, but it remains cautious (perhaps presciently) of its sustainability in the expanding commercial marketplace of multi-channel television.

scholarly journals Assessing Terrorism Threats to New Zealand: The role of the Combined Threat Assessment Group

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Threat Assessment ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Threat Level ◽  
Terrorism Threat ◽  
And Function ◽  
First Time ◽  
Threat Assessments

This article has been produced by the Combined Threat Assessment Group (CTAG). It provides in detail, and publicly for the first time, a genuinely informed explanation for the origins and function of CTAG. It covers the nature and challenge of threat assessment, the methodology applied as well various iterations of the threat assessments that are undertaken. This leads on to an explanation of how New Zealand’s National Terrorism Threat Level is set. Overall, this article provides an informative and well-rounded explanation of the components that comprise the National Terrorism Threat Level and makes for essential reading for wider public service, academic, and security conscious public and private institutions across the country.

The contradictions of policy and practice: creativity in higher education

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain MacLaren
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Workplace Stress ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Collaborative Exploration ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

Whilst much of the rhetoric of current educational policy champions creativity and innovation, structural reforms and new management practices in higher education run counter to the known conditions under which creativity flourishes. As a review of recent literature suggests, surveillance, performativity, the end of tenure and rising levels of workplace stress are all closing off the space for real creative endeavour, characterised as it is by risk-taking, collaborative exploration and autonomy. Innovation, as conceived in this policy context (i.e., that of the UK and Ireland), is narrow in scope and leaves little room for critical re-examination of the nature of education itself or radical reconceptions of curriculum, raising the question as to whether such are more likely to arise extra mural , from new forms of organisation.

Serving the Country or Serving Thyself: The Quest for Prosocial Motives of Russian MPA Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamara G. Nezhina ◽  
Alexey G. Barabashev
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Political Trust ◽  
Public Service Motivation ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Prosocial Motives ◽  
Informal Volunteering ◽  
Prosocial Motive ◽  
First Time

U.S. and European scholars have established the association between work in government and public service motivation (PSM). Yet, few studies measure PSM among master of public administration (MPA) students and link it to their intention to work in government. For the first time in Russia, the study tests the association between culturally determined measures of prosocial motives of Russian MPA students and their intention to work for government upon graduation. Three theoretical frameworks help structuring this research: public administration, political trust, and volunteering. The data in this study confirm that Russian MPA students with prosocial motives tend to choose work in government. We explain this phenomenon by deriving the prosocial motive theoretical perspective from the larger concept of PSM and from the theory of political trust. In addition, the study finds that formal and informal volunteering is not related to choosing work in government. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Toward an Entrepreneurial Public Sector

2016 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Fountain Clark
Keyword(s):  
Social Exchange ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Social Exchange Theory ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Employee Perceptions ◽  
Public Servants ◽  
Public Agency ◽  
Creativity And Innovation

An entrepreneurial public agency pursues the implementation of innovative programs that may broaden public service choices, increase service quality, and more effectively serve citizens. Such public entrepreneurship depends on risk taking and risk tolerance; however, public servants tend to be generally risk averse in their behaviors and personal preferences, and are therefore less likely to pursue entrepreneurial approaches to public problems. Using social exchange theory as a framework to understand the reciprocal relationship between agency and employee, this study examines whether agency behaviors might alter the risk aversion of those employees and make the agency environment more conducive to entrepreneurship. Findings suggest that managers’ demonstration of risk tolerance, reward for creativity and innovation, and agency solicitation of employee input are positively related to employee perceptions of higher risk tolerance among their peers.

scholarly journals Regional Radio: A Response by the Ghana Broadcasting Corporation to Democratization and Competition

2001 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla W. Heath
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
The Political ◽  
Radio Stations ◽  
Economic Context ◽  
Fm Radio ◽  
Institutional Structures ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
First Time

Abstract: In 1992, constitutional governance was re-established in Ghana, and private broadcasting made legal for the first time. This paper explores one of the responses of the state-owned Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) to this novel situation, the opening of regional FM radio stations. Primary data for the paper was obtained from visits to six of the stations and interviews with station directors and other staff in July 1998. The political economic context in which the stations were established, their structures, and programming are examined. Evidence from this study indicates that with the new stations the GBC is expanding and enhancing its public service mandate. At the same time, institutional structures and scarce financial resources combine to prevent the Corporation from becoming independent of vested interests: government, commerce, or NGOs. Résumé: En 1992, on rétablit un gouvernement constitutionnel au Ghana et on légalisa la radiodiffusion privée pour la première fois dans ce pays. Cet article explore une des réponses à cette nouvelle situation de la part du radiodiffuseur d'état, le Ghana Broadcasting Corporation (GBC) : l'ouverture de stations de radio FM régionales. Les données de cet article furent recueillies lors de visites de six de ces stations en juillet 1998 et d'entrevues avec les directeurs des stations et d'autres membres du personnel. L'article examine le contexte politico-économique de la création, la structure et la programmation de ces stations. Les données recueillies pour cette étude indiquent que, grâce aux nouvelles stations, le GBC est en train de prendre de l'extension et de mieux remplir son mandat de service public. En même temps, cependant, les structures institutionnelles et les ressources financières peu abondantes de la Corporation empêchent celle-ci de gagner son indépendance par rapport à certains organismes intéressés : le gouvernement, les entreprises et les associations à but non lucratif.

scholarly journals A Slippery Slope

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Daniela Cardini
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Slippery Slope ◽  
Soap Operas ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Usa ◽  
First Time

Prior to the mid-nineties, Italian television did not produce any soap operas. Daytime serials were imported mainly from the USA. Unexpectedly, the most commercial television genre was produced for the first time by the public service broadcaster: Un posto al sole was aired by RAI in 1996. The commercial competitor Mediaset immediately responded with Vivere in 1998 and CentoVetrine in 2001. Today, Un posto al sole is still on air, while both Mediaset’s soaps were cancelled. The paper will focus on the rise and fall of domestic long-running daytime serials, on the different choices taken by the two competitors and on the perspectives of the genre in Italian schedules.

scholarly journals Informed & Educated

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Daithí McMahon
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Radio Station ◽  
Online Surveys ◽  
The Public ◽  
Market Leader ◽  
Radio Industry ◽  
Commercial Station ◽  
Depth Interviews

Using the Irish Radio Industry as a case study, this chapter illustrates how the Public Service Broadcaster (PSB), Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ), was slow to react to change and the effect this had on the organisation’s competitiveness. This chapter analyses how RTÉ’s youth radio station, RTÉ 2fm, lost its place as the market leader to the competition including commercial station Beat and other stations as it resisted the required technological, social and economic change which ultimately affected its listenership. The author argues that the independent sector led the way in innovation and affected change which greatly benefited the industry as a whole and brought it into the digital age. This research was based on a methodology involving in-depth interviews, online surveys, textual analysis, direct observation and a longitudinal content analysis.

scholarly journals Ageing in the Middle East and North Africa: A Contemporary Perspective

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Jamie P. Halsall ◽  
Ian G. Cook
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Middle East ◽  
North Africa ◽  
First Century ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Demographic Feature ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Contemporary Perspective

AbstractOne of the central themes in the study of population growth has been ageing. Ageing in the world’s population has grown into a dominant demographic feature in twenty-first century society. An ageing population is the result of many contributing factors including the improvement of the health care system. The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in recent years has attracted much interest from scholars, policy makers and social gerontology. By applying the geographical case studies of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) this paper critically explores the issues and debates of ageing in a social policy context.

Carmen Valero-Garcés & Rebecca Tipton (eds.). (2017) Ideology, Ethics and Policy Development in Public Service Interpreting and Translation

FORUM ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-277
Author(s):  
Jinhui Liu ◽  
Jun Wen
Keyword(s):  
Public Service ◽  
Policy Development ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
The Public ◽  
Language Support ◽  
Policy Context ◽  
Social Basis ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Practical Field

Abstract This collection addresses translation and interpreting in settings of diversity and migration. It brings together the latest research on public service interpreting and translation (PSIT) in the context of growing rights-based discourses on language support services, with a particular focus on ideological, ethical and policy issues. Articles in this volume employ new perspectives and draw insight from the practical field with the aim to explore the social basis and consequences of policy development, interconnections between intricate concepts of ethics and ideology, and to stimulate debate : more discussion concerning public service interpreting and translation among academia, the public and the third sectors to deepen the understanding of language support needs and policy context.

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