scholarly journals The role and purpose of the state in the currents of neoliberalism

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Serediuk V. V.
Keyword(s):  
Social Order ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Role Of The State

The article reveals the theses of neoliberalism - a complex philosophical and scientific course, as well as social practices concerning a new understanding of the role and purpose of the state in the twentieth century. The results of the study are based on an analysis of the works of representatives of German and American neoliberalism. The strong role of the state in the economic sphere, as well as the humanitarian, social and security purpose of the state are described. Neoliberalism was formed in the fields of economics, political science, jurisprudence, international law, philosophy as scientific fields of knowledge and embodied in the economic, social and cultural policy of Western democracies, including the reflection of its doctrinal provisions in the constitutions of European states. Therefore, neoliberalism can be defined as a set of doctrinal currents and social practices, characterized by economic, political, legal and ideological components. Representatives of neoliberalism tried to redefine the role, significance and tasks of the state according to the interwar and postwar economic and political conditions. At the same time, their ideas concerned individual rights and freedoms, the legal social order, as well as the worldview and methodological foundations on which all currents of neoliberalism were based. In August 1938, a conference of neoliberal economists, known as the Lippmann Colloquium, was held in Paris, at which a new concept of the state was essentially formulated. It consisted of the following provisions. First, the state must determine the system of rules within which economic activity is formed, and guarantee their implementation. Secondly, it was recognized at the conference that the market mechanism does not provide automatic self-regulation and balance, and therefore requires some government intervention.The third provision of the conference established that the state had to take only those measures that would ensure the support of free competition. Fourth, the restriction of monopolies was recognized. This idea underlies at the basis of antitrust laws in USA. The fifth point of neoliberalism was the limited intervention of the state in economic relations. It was allowed only temporarily and in cases when the flexibility of supply and demand was violated and the balance on the basis of the price mechanism was lost. The state should not set the price on the market, but should influence the magnitude of supply or demand, thus equalizing prices and preventing sharp fluctuations. As a result, the state in neoliberalism has a strong influence on the economic system by eliminating market monopolies, ensuring free competition, regulating excess supply and demand. Also, one of the leading roles of the state is to carry out activities that do not provide profit in the near future (humanitarian, scientific, medical, environmental spheres). Having created conditions for sustainable economic development, the state has to embody social and security tasks. Keywords: neoliberalism, state, role, order, intervention, economy, law, peace, security, humanitarian and social tasks.

scholarly journals The Essence and Specific Characteristics of the Fiscal Mechanism for Regulating the Investment Development of the National Economy

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 78
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Rudenko ◽  
Ruslan Voloshchuk
Keyword(s):  
National Economy ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Investment Process ◽  
The Impact

The issues of the place and role of the state in the investment process has not lost relevance for many decades. Some scholars, appealing to the experience of developed countries, propose to minimize the role of the state in the investment sphere. This view is based on the fact that state participation cannot ensure a more efficient allocation of investment resources than a market mechanism of self-regulation. Other scholars believe that all the troubles in the economy are due to the fact that the state has minimized its influence on the investment sector, thereby causing a decrease in its activity. Obviously, both positions of scientists cannot be rejected mechanically. However, the practice of conducting investment activities in Ukraine has clearly shown that the state's departure from the investment sphere has actually cleared the way for anarchy and inconsistency in the investment process. At present, the state is obliged to influence investment activity by choosing effective means of its regulation, relying primarily on the fiscal mechanism. The article is devoted to the study of the essence of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy and the identification of its specific features. The specifics of the scientific tasks that are the subject of the study required the use of a set of special methods, the use of which helped to analyze the essence of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy and to highlight its specific characteristics. The etymology of the concept of “fisc” is considered in the article. Approaches to the interpretation of the term “mechanism” are highlighted. The economic meaning of the definition of “regulation” is substantiated. The essence of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy is determined. The specific features of the fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy are singled out and characterized. The study found that the impact of the fiscal mechanism on the investment development of the national economy is due to its specific characteristics and the focus of its components at solving specific problems and achieving a real effect due to financial resources that are formed, distributed and used to meet the investment needs of economic entities.  Keywords: fisc, mechanism, regulation, investment development, fiscal mechanism for regulating the investment development of the national economy

Symposium on the State and Economic Development

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pranab Bardhan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
State Action ◽  
South Korean ◽  
American Experience ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Role Of The State

The role of the state in economic development is one of the oldest topics in economics, yet controversies rage with similar passion and camps are divided on lines today broadly similar to the early writings. Though the authors of the papers in this symposium present different views, they all refuse to pose the question as a simple choice between the market mechanism and state intervention. Larry Westphal and Albert Fishlow evaluate the South Korean and the Latin American experience, respectively, in their essential complexity. Mrinal Datta-Chaudhuri draws upon a comparative study of the Indian and East Asian cases to bring out the contradictions and complementaries in the relationship between the state and the economy. Anne Krueger's paper reflects on how the comparative advantages and disadvantages of state action flow from its organizational and incentive characteristics.

scholarly journals ROLE OF THE STATE IN THE DISTRIBUTION AND REDISTRIBUTION OF CASH AND AGRICULTURAL RESOURCES IN THE REGIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagoev & et al.
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
The State ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Investment Activity ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Processed Products

 The article discusses the distribution of financial resources with a preference   for land assets and production of deep processed products with the highest added value, which simultaneously increases the incomes of producers and improves government revenues by increasing tax receipts. It is noted that the progressive development of agriculture depends on the technical modernization of the industry, which also requires investment. Therefore, it is necessary to subsidize the modernization and reconstruction of fixed assets - granaries, greenhouses. Potential profit, which will become an important component of investment, can give a boost to the investment activity. An analysis was carried out on the conceptual foundations of building economic relations in modern agricultural production. The conditions for the agricultural development have been assessed, and critical insights on mechanisms for implementing state and regional target programs have been provided. In terms of a systemic approach to the State economic management, the economic processes should be considered as a system of financial relations that interacts with other systems. In this regard, the paper presents a model that reflects the conceptual framework for managing financial flows. This model provides an overview of managing economic processes, and may take into account many elements and factors.

MODELING OF MULTI-AGENT INTERACTION IN CONSUMPTION SECURING IN CONDITIONS OF INSTITUTIONAL INSTABILITY

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (8) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Anatoliy MOKIY ◽  
◽  
Kateryna ANTONIUK ◽  
Dmytro ANTONIUK ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Society Business ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Institutional Instability ◽  
Multi Agent

Theoretical and methodological aspects of research of consumption safety as the ability of the state, society and business to create the preconditions for conscious satisfaction of human needs for self-reproduction to protect the health of the nation and the environment as imperatives for future development are developed. It is proposed to consider the process of consumption securing from the standpoint of harmonizing the interests of society, business and government in forming the basis for sustainable consumption and production in a strategic perspective. The chaos of self-organization processes in the consumer market, as well as the need to combine institutional and market mechanisms in solving the problem of consumption security strengthening in the process of European integration of Ukraine are shown. Systemic means of consumption securing on the basis of harmonization of society, business and the state economic interests with use of the multi-agent approach are developed. Accordingly, a multi-agent model is proposed to identify participants (agents) in the consumption securing process, to formalize the elements, institutional norms, parameters and limitations of their interaction. By building an intelligent map of consumption security, the institutional preconditions, participants of the process of consumption securing, the system of their interests, time parameters of interaction, basic processes, threats and related areas of consumption safety are established. The necessity of using the market mechanism of harmonization of interests of consumption safety subjects (person, society, public authorities and local governments, enterprises-manufacturers, public associations, international organizations, research establishments, etc.) by coordination of the price within the ratio of supply and demand for safe goods (services) with maximizing the convergence of interests as a condition for achieving an equilibrium state of the system is proved.

scholarly journals Child Labour, Parental Neglect, School Boards, and Teacher Quality: School Inspector Reports on the Supply and Demand of Schooling in Mid-nineteenth-century Sweden

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germund Larsson ◽  
Johannes Westberg
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
School Boards ◽  
Economic History ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Child Labour ◽  
Research Field ◽  
The State ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Wide Range

By examining the state school inspector reports of 1861–1863, which provide rich insights into the local conditions of schooling in Sweden, this article sheds further light on the wide range of factors that weakened school enrolment and attendance in nineteenth-century Sweden. In terms of parental demand, these included child labour on farms, at manors, and in industries; the transformation of the servant system among rural households; and religious practices, such as the confirmation and the beliefs of Protestant sectarian groups. On the supply side, factors that school inspectors reported included the inability of Swedish teacher seminars to examine enough teachers and the problematic behaviour of local school boards. As a result, this article provides additional input into the debate in educational history regarding the role of the state, religion, rural elites, and parents in the rise of mass schooling, while simultaneously providing further qualitative evidence to a quantitatively oriented research field in economic history on the determinants of schooling.

scholarly journals Problems of financing of technological innovation in oil production market

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-243
Author(s):  
A. F. Leshchinskaya ◽  
I. V. Ivolgina ◽  
I. D. Stepanova ◽  
N. A. Akimova
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Oil Prices ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The State ◽  
Market Mechanism ◽  
Annual Number ◽  
Daily Production ◽  
Oil Market ◽  
Currency Exchange ◽  
Oil Export

The article presents the results of the study of pricing problems in the world oil market in terms of dependence of the oil supply on the state of oil production companies. The authors attempted to examine the degree of dependence of oil production on such factors as the number of enterprises in the industry, average annual number of staff in them, production drilling volume, average daily production rate per well, degree of wear of fixed assets of companies, the number of commissioned production facilities, renewal of fixed assents of companies, profitability level, business activity of the enterprises in the industry. The study is based on the data characterizing the development of oil market within a relatively steady period. The global oil market is a delicate exchange market mechanism sensitive to changes in pricing trends in global commodity and financial markets. World oil pricing trends depend on many political, economic, seasonal, regional factors as well as the situation with the tanker fleet, etc. The aggravation of the crisis and expectations of businesses about the future dynamics of global oil prices impact currency exchange rates, stock quotes, retail and wholesale prices. The COVID-19 pandemics caused decrease in manufacturing and other economic activity which determine oil export volumes. The current situation forces most of oil cartel countries to reduce quotes. The state of oil production industry, supply and demand relation, stabilization of oil prices remain the key aspects of pricing in the oil market.

The Occupational Safety and Health System in Poland during the Transition to Democracy and a Market Economy

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Broszkiewicz ◽  
Barbara Krzyskow ◽  
Halina Szejnwald Brown
Keyword(s):  
Labor Unions ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Transition To Democracy ◽  
The State ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War

Since the fall of communism, the occupational health and safety system in Poland, which was extensively developed during the post-war period, has been incrementally adapting to the new social order. The reforms of the 1990s aimed at stimulating active participation by workers and labor unions, increasing the responsibility of employers, reducing the paternalistic role of the state, and strengthening the enforcement branch. The emergent system has many strengths, including a highly branched-out system of regional and local enforcement agencies, competent and self-confident government institutions familiar with the firms under their jurisdiction and adept at balancing competing social objectives; a tradition of cooperation among agencies and employers; and strong advocacy by the government agencies on behalf of workers. The system also exhibits characteristics that may weaken it in the future, such as lack of support from labor unions; low interest among workers; a generally low safety culture; stringent, often unimplementable exposure standards; and lack of “ownership” of the system by social groups other than the state bureaucracy.

scholarly journals Rating and assessment of the effectiveness of self-regulatory organizations in the field of engineering research

2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 04004
Author(s):  
Elena Matys ◽  
Natalia Meller ◽  
Inna Nekrasova ◽  
Christina Degtyareva
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
The State ◽  
Engineering Research ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
Overall Efficiency ◽  
Market Relations ◽  
Regulatory Organization

Investment and construction activities are represented by a combination of a multitude of economic entities and economic relations between them. The Institute for Self-Regulation of Entrepreneurial and Professional Activities in Russia is innovative in terms of regulating market relations. However, the number of areas of activity that apply the principles of self-regulation is growing every year. There is a need to decide on the choice of a self-regulatory organization. The urgency of this professional community needs a system of self-regulatory organizations. The system of rating and evaluation of the effectiveness of a self-regulatory organization is necessary both for the participants in self-regulation and for the state. This is an obligatory condition for the interaction of the professional community with the authorities. This study allows to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative indicators that affect the overall efficiency of the activity and the rating of a self-regulatory organization.

scholarly journals Releasing Housing Equity in Later Life: Markets, Consumers and the Role of the State

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorna Fox O’Mahony ◽  
Louise Overton
Keyword(s):  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The State ◽  
Housing Wealth ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Consumer Interests ◽  
Policy Agendas ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Housing Equity

The role of equity release transactions in enabling older owners to draw down on their housing wealth to meet needs and wants in later life is a prominent policy trope in many asset-based welfare systems. Framed by the enactment of the Consumer Credit Legislation Amendment (Enhancement) Act 2012 (Cth) – in which the Federal Government established regulatory jurisdiction over reverse mortgage transactions – and drawing on empirical research into the uses and risks of housing equity withdrawal mechanisms in Australia,1 this article compares the recent Australian experience of equity release with the longer-established UK equity release market. Reaching across the demographic, socio-economic and policy contexts which are widely regarded as setting the scene for increasing use of housing wealth to fund financial needs after retirement, to the nature and development of equity release markets, this article draws on the UK experience to reflect on patterns of supply and demand, on the needs, circumstances and objectives of the equity release consumer population, and on the role of the state, through law and policy, in mediating the transactional interface between consumers and markets to support the matrix of consumer interests, industry growth and related government policy agendas implicated in the equity release market.

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