ABOUT ETHNIC FEATURES OF RUSSIAN THINKING

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 194-198
Author(s):  
ZHANNA ANDRIEVSKAYA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
Space Forms ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Logical Operations ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Original Type

This article discusses a specifically Russian type of thinking with its specific ethnic Russian type of rationality; the purpose of the article is to detect their characteristic features. It is revealed, that Russian thinking is not reduced to performing banal logical operations at the level of rational activity of “common sense”; it is indicated that it is characterized by a slight neglect of rationality, pragmatism, “common sense”, it contains some super-rational elements, that can not reduced to either rational or cognitive in general, and are the basis of such phenomena as, for example, “breadth of the Russian soul” - signs that are nonspecific for carriers of Western rationality; this reveals the existence of the Russian type of rationality, which cannot be reduced to either Western or Eastern typesof rationality. Thus, the purpose of this article - to discuss the irreducibility of the fundamental specifics of Russian thinking - first of all, value - to the Eastern and Western specifics of thinking - is achieved through consideration of these value attitudes, and above all, to the installation of refusal to reduce rational activity to rational, - Russian people “Thinks with the heart”, and not with reason, and, thus, the Russian cultural space forms a special type of rationality, moreover, it is not hybrid in the “ West - East ” coordinates, which is not a kind of an interest in the attitudes of Western and Eastern types of rationality, but representing a certain independent, immanent, autonomous, original, type of rationality that passed through a thousand years of its historical crystallization, from ancient pagan cults to its modern - post-Soviet state.

scholarly journals Protestants, Peace and the Apocalypse: The USSR’s Religious Cold War, 1947–62

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 361-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
The West ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Religious Dimensions ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Religious Actors ◽  
Dualistic Approach

In recent years historians have paid growing attention to the religious dimensions of the Cold War. These studies have largely focused, however, on the capitalist world, particularly the rise of evangelicalism and fundamentalism in the USA. This article turns the spotlight on the communist adversary, asking whether the USSR also participated in a ‘religious Cold War'. Given the atheist convictions on which the Soviet state was founded, this might appear counter-intuitive, but religious dynamics were of growing importance in the USSR too. Soviet officials sought to create what was called an ‘ecumenical movement', inviting religious actors to become advocates for the Soviet peace message. Protestants, in particular, were important figures on the international stage because of the large communities of co-believers in the West. At the same time, however, the authorities were alarmed about various grass-roots phenomena at home which seemed to be on the rise as the Cold War escalated, such as pacifism and apocalyptic prediction. Faced with such threats, state tactics included the arrest of believers and hostile press campaigns. Even though the inconsistencies were readily visible to all, this dualistic approach was not abandoned and the ultimately self-defeating engagement with the ‘religious Cold War' continued.

The Cartesian Doubt Experiment and Mathematics

1998 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Halil Turan
Keyword(s):  
Common Sense ◽  
Mathematical Proposition ◽  
Logical Operations ◽  
Substantial Problem ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Mathematical Operations ◽  
Cartesian Doubt ◽  
Positive Results

The view that Descartes called mathematical propositions into doubt as he impugned all beliefs concerning common-sense ontology by assuming that all beliefs derive from perception seems to rest on the presupposition that the Cartesian problem of doubt concerning mathematics is an instance of the problem of doubt concerning existence of substances. I argue that the problem is not 'whether I am counting actual objects or empty images,' but 'whether I am counting what I count correctly.' Considering Descartes's early works, it is possible to see that for him, the proposition '2+3=5' and the argument 'I think, therefore I am,' were equally evident. But Descartes does not found his epistemology upon the evidence of mathematical propositions. The doubt experiment does not seem to give positive results for mathematical operations. Consciousness of carrying out a mathematical proposition, however, unlike putting forth a result of an operation, is immune to doubt. Statements of consciousness of mathematical or logical operations are instances of 'I think' and hence the argument 'I count, therefore I am' is equivalent to 'I think, therefore I am.' If impugning the veridicality of mathematical propositions could not pose a difficulty for Descartes's epistemology which he thought to establish on consciousness of thinking alone, then he cannot be seen to avoid the question. Discarding mathematical propositions themselves on the grounds that they are not immune to doubt evoked by a powerful agent does not generate a substantial problem for Descartes provided that he believes that he can justify them by appeal to God's benevolence.

scholarly journals Chiny wyobrażone – Chiny ucieleśnione. Państwo Środka w polskich i serbskich relacjach z podróży (od XVIII do połowy XX wieku)

2021 ◽  
pp. 241-253
Author(s):  
Karolina Galewska
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
The Other ◽  
Individual Experience ◽  
Middle Kingdom ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Eastern Culture ◽  
Travel Writings ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Far Eastern

The article presents an overview of the issues discussed in Tomasz Ewertowski’s monograph Images of China in Polish and Serbian Travel Writings (1720–1949). It reconstructs the discourse that emerges from the journals as their authors report on their journeys to the Middle Kingdom. The article also analyses the conditioning of the presented attitudes in the context of individual experience. Using imagology-based tools, Ewertowski refers to the mental representations of reality recorded in the text in the form of stereotypically formed ethnotypes. Ewertowski creates a mosaic of the way travellers from the West imagined both Chinese cities and the characteristic features of Far Eastern culture, which is often marked by Eurocentrism and an evaluating attitude towards the Other.

The ideology of the Black Hundreds in Russia in 1905-1917

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxim Lvovich Razmolodin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Extreme Right ◽  
The West ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

This monograph reveals the conservative essence of the Black Hundred movement and its ideology aimed at the protection of Christian and national traditions in Russia in 1905-1917. This task is solved on the basis of an analysis of the origins, foundations of the theoretical constructs and programs of the extreme right monarchist parties in comparison with the system of views of Russian nationalists. The subjects for consideration are a set of basic ideological principles, postulates and provisions of ideologies of the Black Hundred organizations; the Orthodox religious foundations of the right monarchist ideology; conservative bases of political problematics and the problem of "Russia – the West"; approaches to the definition of nation (nationality); Imperial and national perspectives; the role and place of the Russian people; attitudes to pogroms and terrorist methods of struggle. The research proposes a system of criteria for the identification of party and personal affiliation to the Black Hundred spectrum in Russia the early 20th century, allowing a clear border to be drawn with nationalist (including fascist) parties. The urgency for this research has been caused by a poor development in the historiography. Intended for historians, sociologists, political scientists.

"I ALMOST GOT SICK" ABOUT THE END OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND THE MEMORY OF WESTERN CULTURE "EIN FLAUES GEFÜHL IM MAGEN" ZUM ENDE DES ERSTEN WELTKRIEGES 1918 UND DER WESTLICHEN ERINNERUNGSKULTUR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Schneider ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Western Culture ◽  
First World War ◽  
World War ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Space ◽  
The First World War ◽  
Political Reasoning ◽  
First World ◽  
West European

The article raises the problems associated with the concept of the First World War and its dynamics in the West European cultural space, often driven by political reasoning, but not by historical facts.

Afterthoughts on biases in history perception

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
Maciej Dymkowski
Keyword(s):  
Social Psychology ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Cultural Environment ◽  
The West ◽  
Sequence Of Events ◽  
Cultural Sphere ◽  
Common Sense Psychology

Afterthoughts on biases in history perception Contemporary social psychology describes various deformations of processing social information leading to distortions of knowledge about other people. What is more, a person in everyday life refers to lay convictions and ideas common in his/her cultural environment that distort his/her perceptions. Therefore it is difficult to be surprised that authors of narrations in which participants of history are presented use easily available common-sense psychology, deforming images of both the participants of history and their activities, as well as the sequence of events determined by these activities. Which cognitive biases, how often, and in what intensity they will be presented in historical narrations depend on statements of dominating common-sense psychology. The article outlines some biases made by historian-lay psychologists, such as attributional asymmetry or hindsight effects, whose occurrence in their thinking, as formed in the cultural sphere of the West, influences history perception and conducted historical interpretations.

scholarly journals Social Profile of Gulag Prisoners - Authors of Memoirs

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Mikhailovna Goretskaia
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Resource ◽  
Biographical Data ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Female Prisoners ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
The Social ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Characteristic Features

Political repressions affected representatives of all social strata and groups. This period left a bulk of documents, including memoirs, where the most intimate and difficult thoughts and recollections of their authors are reflected. One of valuable sets of memoirs of political repressions history is collected by the Sakharov Center website. The electronic resource "Memories of the Gulag and their authors" is valuable not only because it exhibits memoirs of more than one and a half thousand people who suffered from repressions but also because of the biographical information about the authors of these memoirs compiled on the basis of information from the memoirs. Biographical data on the victims of the Gulag system became the main source of this study. They allow us to describe and analyze the social portrait of Gulag victims who left memories. Biographical data became a source for creating the database "Gulag prisoners-authors of memoirs". The social portrait of the repressed and its characteristic features were described, as well as a comparison of the social portrait of male and female prisoners was made. Males and females were analyzed separately to pursue the goal set. The analysis suggests that there is a certain similarity of biographical characteristics among the authors of the memoirs which is probably due to the fact that the educated, intelligent segments of the population were one of the objects of a purposeful repressive policy followed in the Soviet state. .

scholarly journals UVO AND OUN UNDERGROUND ACTIVITY IN THE TERRITORY OF POLISSYA VOIVODESHIP (1928 – 1939)

2016 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Ya. Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
The West ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
West Part ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Blue Line ◽  
Dark Blue

The article examines characteristic features of Ukrainian Military (UVO) and Ukrainian Nationalists Organizations (OUN) cells creation and activity in the territory of Polissia voivodeship, the Second Polish Republic. That is to say, on the lands which now belong to Belorussia. It is proved that local indigenous population – 'Polishchuks' – actively supported the Ukrainian national liberation movement. The first UMO cells emerged there almost simultaneously with the neighboring Volyn. Moreover, Kovel district became the spread center of Ukrainian nationalists influence on the north. At that time the main OUN means of activity was 'dark-blue line' tactic, when they achieved the influence on legal Ukrainian organizations and propaganda spreading. The strong position among communist underground organizations, which were the main rivals of Ukrainian nationalists, was the regional peculiarity of the locality. It was ascertained that Polissia district leadership's flexibility of UNO allowed to conclude a temporary truce with them and to form the largest anti-Poland rebellion unit in the West part of Ukraine, called 'Polissia Lozovi Cossaks'. Afterwards, it appeared as the precursor of transformation of liberation movement to more extensive level and rise of the first Ukrainian Rebellion Army subordinate units in the territory of Polissia district.

scholarly journals The Russian Idea in the Historiosophy of Margarita Sabashnikova-Voloshina

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Varga
Keyword(s):  
World History ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Russian History ◽  
Rudolf Steiner ◽  
Russian People ◽  
Soviet State ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Russian Idea

This article aims to single out and interpret ideas connected with the role of Russia and the Russian people in world history and the development of humanity and space in the literary heritage of Margarita Sabashnikova-Voloshina, a Russian artist, poet, and representative of anthroposophy. This article examines her biography of St Serafim of Sarov and her autobiography The Green Snake, first released in German in 1954. Although Sabashnikova-Voloshina does not use the expression “Russian idea” in any works to denote her historiosophic ideas relating to the mission of Russia and Russians, the author argues that she has a complex of ideas about Russia’s mission. The article looks at texts of Rudolf Steiner that reflect his views on humanity’s development by means of a consecutive alternation of cultural epochs, pointing out the presence of such ideas in the works of Sabashnikova-Voloshina. According to the article, she continued to refer to them into the Soviet period when interpreting certain facts connected with Russian history and the Russian people. She considered the Soviet state a tragedy, a disaster, and a betrayal of the “Russian idea”.

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