scholarly journals Efficiency of mineral fertilizers for growing Althaea officinalis L. under conditions of irrigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-139
Author(s):  
N. Pryvedeniuk ◽  
L. Hlushchenko ◽  
V. Тrubka
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Second Year

In the Forest-Steppe Zone of Ukraine, a study was carried out to establish the effect of mineral fertilizers and drip irrigation on the yield of dry raw material. It was found that irrigation significantly increases productivity of althaea, by eliminating the deficit of soil moisture in critical periods of growth and development. The yield increase caused by the use of drip irrigation in the first year of vegetation of the crop was 1.27–1.98 t/ha for dry grass, for leaves — 0.69–1.17 t/ha, for roots 0.22–0.39 t/ha. For the second growing season, the yield increase was: 1.52–4.7 t/ha for grass, 0.46–1.35 t/ha for leaves and 1.5–2.76 t/ha for roots. It was also found that increase of the mineral fertilizers main application dose caused increase of the yield. The highest yield of dry raw material of the culture was obtained in both the first and second years of the growing season with the introduction of N180P180K180. With the application of mineral fertilizer at a dose of N180P180K180 under conditions of drip irrigation, the yield of dried althaea grass was 8.09 t/ha, leaves — 3.88 t/ha, roots — 3.08 t/ha, which exceeded the option without fertilizers and without irrigation by 4.08 t/ha for grass, 2.04 t/ha for leaves, 1.44 t/ha for roots. The highest yield was obtained in the second year of vegetation using the variant with the application of the highest dose of mineral fertilizers under drip irrigation, where the yield of dry grass was 15.78 t/ha, leaves — 4.42 t/ha, roots — 6.24 t/ha. On the plantation of the second year of vegetation in the variant without irrigation and without fertilizers, the yield of raw materials was the lowest. It was 6.85 t/ha for grass, 1.88 t/ha for leaves and 2.12 t/ha for roots.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF MINERAL FERTILIZERS AND GROWTH REGULATORS ON THE SYMBIOTIK PRODUCTIVITY OF FEALD PEA IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE WESTERN FOREST-STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
K.S. Nebaba
Keyword(s):  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Effective Interaction ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Biological Fixation

The article presents the results reached in our study of the influence of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators on symbiotic capacity of field pea in the conditions of Western Forest-Steppe. Experimental part was carried out during 2016-2018 on the field of the TPC Podilya at the SAEUP, the typical black soil, characterized as deep, low-humus, and heavy gravel on forest-like loams. The results indicate that the productivity of field pea largely depended on the effective interaction of the host plant and nodule bacteria. Application of phosphorus-potassium fertilizers and small doses of nitrogen fertilizers improved the biological fixation of nitrogen. Spray application of growth regulators at the budding-flowering phase continued the functioning of the red pigment of synthesized leghemoglobin in the nodules. The positive effect of mineral fertilizers and growth regulators on the symbiotic potentials of field pea plants was confirmed. The total symbiotic potential characterizes the state of legume-rhizobium symbiosis. The duration of active functioning of nodules on pea roots and their ability to fix biological nitrogen during the growing season define the magnitude of the active symbiotic potential. During the growing season, the total symbiotic potential indicators were the highest for the Chekbek variety and amounted to 13.1 thousand kg*days/ha (after application of N30P30K45 with the Vympel growth regulator). After application of the same combination of mineral fertilizer and growth regulator, the Gotovsky variety demonstrated - 10.6 thousand kg*days/ha, the Fargus variety – 10.0 thousand kg*days/ha.

scholarly journals Water-holding capacity of sugar beet depending on fertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 72-81
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
A.T. Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Potassium Salt ◽  
Nitrogen Nutrition ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Water Holding Capacity ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Water Holding

The results of a field experiment held on podzolic black heavy loam soil of the Right-Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, studying the effect of various fertilization systems on the water-holding capacity of sugar beet, are presented. It was found that the change in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrition has a different effect on this indicator when closing the leaves of sugar beet plants between rows and during the harvest time. Half-dead cattle manure KRS on straw bedding aw well as mineral fertilizers, namely aqueous ammonia, ammonium nitrate, granular superphosphate, mixed potassium salt, potassium chloride, ANP fertilizer grade A and liquid complex fertilizer grade 10–34–0 were used during the experiment. Manure was applied at a dose of 40 t / ha and mineral fertilizers – N120Р120К120. Fertilizers were applied in August during fall plowing, as well as in late autumn (at the end of October) together with moldboard-free loosening of the soil to a depth of 14–16 cm and in spring –under pre-sowing cultivation. The dynamics of the intensity of water return was monitored by cut sugar beet leaves under conditions of rapid natural evaporation by weighing them every 0.5, 1 and 2 hours (according to Arland's method). It was found that the leaves of sugar beet, both with insufficient and unbalanced nitrogen nutrition, have a weak water-holding capacity during the growing season. Improving phosphorus nutrition, especially when applying liquid complex fertilizer grade 10–34–0, helps increase the water-holding capacity of sugar beet plants throughout the growing season. Replacing potassium chloride with potassium salt mixed as part of a complete mineral fertilizer significantly increases the water-holding capacity of sugar beets due to the better provision with sodium. This is particularly evident in the second half of the growing season. With the age of sugar beet plants, a distinct decrease in the intensity of water loss is observed regardless of fertilization, which can be explained by an increase in the content of bound water due to a rise of the amount of dry matter.

Productivity and quality of soybean seeds with different fertilization on podzolized chernozem

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (97) ◽  
pp. 136-144
Author(s):  
H.M. Hospodarenko ◽  
◽  
I.V. Prokopchuk ◽  
K. P. Leonova ◽  
V.P. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Different Doses

The productivity of agricultural crops is the most variable and integral indicator of their vital activity, which accumulates their genetic potential, soil fertility, weather conditions and components of agricultural technology. Soybean under optimal growing conditions (the reaction of the soil is close to neutral, sufficient phosphorus and potassium nutrition, the use of nitraginization) assimilates from the air about 70 % of the total nitrogen requirement. Therefore, it is believed that it is enough to apply only a starting dose of nitrogen fertilizers (20–40 kg/ha a. s.), to get a high yield with good indicators of grain quality. The results of studies of the influence of long-term (8 years) application of different doses and ratios of fertilizers in field crop rotation on podzolized chernozem in the conditions of the Right -Bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the yield and quality of soybean seeds preceded by spring barley were presented. It was found that crop yields could be increased by 18–77 % owing to different doses, ratios and types of fertilizers. The highest indicators of seed yields for three years of the research (3,02 t/ha) were obtained under the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N110P60K80 per 1 ha of crop rotation area, including under soybean – N60P60K60. Exclusion of the nitrogen component from the complete fertilizer (N60P60K60) reduced its yield by 26 %, phosphorus – by 17, and potassium by 11 %. There was no significant decrease in soybean yield in the variant of the experiment with a decrease in the proportion of potassium in the composition of complete mineral fertilizer (N60P60K30) for three years of study. The largest mass of 1000 soybean seeds was formed at doses of N60К60 fertilizers, and their protein content — under the application of complete mineral fertilizer in doses of N60P60K60 and N60P60K30.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

scholarly journals MULTIFUNCTIONAL BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTS FOR ORGANIC FARMING BASED ON ORGANIC WASTE AND RAW MATERIAL PROCESSING

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-42
Author(s):  
О.А. Оленин ◽  
С.Н. Зудилин
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Plant Origin ◽  
Biological Product ◽  
Biological Products

Развитие органического земледелия, в первую очередь, зависит от наличия органических удобрений и биопрепаратов. Цель исследований – на основе утилизации органических отходов и сырья разработать полифункциональные биопрепараты из компонентов животного и растительного происхождения и изучить их влияние на показатели агрофитоценозов и урожайность полевых и садовых культур. В работе использованы результаты исследований по разработке полифункциональных биопрепаратов, а также их эффективности на опытном поле Самарского ГАУ в 2017-2019 гг. В результате была разработана ассортиментная линейка биопрепаратов «АгроТоник» с функциями удобрения и биостимулятора роста: «Цветовод», «Садовод», «Овощевод», «Полевод», «Лесовод» и «Универсальный». «АгроТоник», в отличие от многих органических и минеральных удобрений, содержит все необходимые для растений компоненты: макро-, мезо- и микроэлементы в легкодоступной форме, микроорганизмы, стимуляторы роста – биоактивные фитогормоны, аминокислоты растительного происхождения, витамины, комплекс целлюлозолитических ферментов, почвенные антибиотики, гуминовые вещества, биоприлипатель. Многокомпонентный биопрепарат с функциями удобрения, фунгицида и бактерицида снижал пораженность растений озимой пшеницы на 16,7-27,1 %, по отношению к контролю, и на 17,4-22,6 %, по сравнению с минеральными удобрениями. Биопрепарат повышал урожайность озимой пшеницы на 7,7-25,4 % по сравнению с контролем, тогда как применение пестицида только на 5,3-11,5 %, при стоимости однократно внесенного гербицида в среднем 500,00 руб./га, а биопрепарата – 300,00 руб./га при двукратной обработке. The development of organic farming primarily depends on the availability of organic fertilizers and biological products. The goal of the research is to develop multifunctional biological products from components of animal and plant origin based on the utilization of organic waste and raw materials and to study their impact on the indicators of agrophytocenoses and the yield of field and horticultural crops. The work uses the results of research on the development of multifunctional biological products, as well as their effectiveness in the experimental field of the Samara State Agrarian University in 2017-2019. As a result, the line of "AgroTonik" biological products with the functions of fertilizer and the growth biostimulator was developed: «Tsvetovod», «Sadovod», «Ovoshchevod», «Polevod», «Lesovod» and «Universal'niy». "AgroTonik", unlike many organic and mineral fertilizers, contains all the components necessary for plants: macro -, meso- and microelements in an easily available form, microorganisms, growth stimulators – bioactive phytohormones, amino acids of plant origin, vitamins, a complex of cellulosolytic enzymes, soil antibiotics, humic substances, bio-sticking agent. The multicomponent biological product with the functions of fertilizer, fungicide and bactericide reduced the affection of winter wheat plants by 16.7-27.1 % concerning the control, and by 17.4-22.6 %, in comparison with mineral fertilizers. The biological product increased the yield of winter wheat by 7.7-25.4% compared to the control, while the use of a pesticide only by 5.3-11.5 %, with the cost of a single herbicide on average 500 rubles/ha, and a biological product – 300 rubles/ha with double treatment.

EFFECTIVENESS OF MINERAL FERTILIZER ACCORDING TO SOIL MOISTURE FOR PLANTING OF SPRING DURUM WHEAT IN THE CONDITIONS FOREST-STEPPE OF MIDDLE VOLGA REGION

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Амиров ◽  
Marat Amirov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Leached Chernozem ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Main Factors

The paper presents the results of research on leached chernozem and gray forest soils on the effect of mineral fertilizers in combination with various indicators of soil moisture, watering. During all periods of its growth and development durum wheat is more demanding on the main factors than soft wheat, so its cultivation technology should be directed to the full realization of the potential of this crop.

scholarly journals Soil fertility management in apple orchard with microbial biofertilizers

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 03020
Author(s):  
Andrei Kuzin ◽  
Alexei Solovchenko ◽  
Ludmila Stepantsova ◽  
Grigory Pugachev
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Azotobacter Chroococcum ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Intensification of horticulture in Russia involves planting of new high-density orchards with drip irrigation and fertigation as well as intensification of the exploitation of traditional orchards. This approach involves an increase in mineral fertilizer application imposing the risk of soil fertility loss. For several reasons, the use of traditional organic fertilizers like manure in orchards is currently marginal. Although bacteria-based biofertilizers cannot substitute mineral fertilizers completely, they can significantly reduce the need for mineral fertilizer application. The effect of microbial biofertilizers of the brands “Azotovit” (Azotobacter chroococcum), “Phosphatovit” (Bacillus mucilaginosus), as well as a mixture of bacteria and the fungus, “Organic” (Azotobacter chroococcum, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, Trichoderma harzian) was studied in two field experiments. In the experiment #1, the preparations “Azotovit” and “Phosphatovit” were delivered through a drip irrigation system in various combinations with mineral fertilizers. In experiment #2, the preparation “Organic” was also applied to the soil with irrigation water, also in combination with the mineral fertilizer. When solely applied, none of the studied preparations changed significantly the soil nutrient content and yield as compared with the variant fertilized by the mineral fertilizer at the maximum studied application rate. The combination of the microbial biofertilizer and mineral fertilizers applied at a low rate ensured the yield commensurate to that obtained under high-rate application of the mineral fertilizer.

scholarly journals Influence of fertilization and fungicide on increasing the winter barley productivity

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-110
Author(s):  
M. Matkovska
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Spot Blotch ◽  
Winter Barley ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Net Blotch ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Dose Rates ◽  
Effi Ciency

The article represents the results of research for 2016–2018 in the condition of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The yield of winter barley obtained under various fungicide treatment and three diff erent fertilization dose rates of (N40P30K40, N80P60K80, N120P90K120) was compared in the study The influence of mineral fertilizers on the diseases development was studied along with fungicides application effi ciency for the following diseases of Wintmalt variety of winter barley: net blotch, powdery mildew, and spot blotch. Three major diseases were observed in barley crops during the research years: net blotch, powdery mildew and spot blotch. It has been established that increasing the level of fertilization contributes to the increase of disease development in barley crops. Thus, the highest level of net blotch (51.7 %), spot blotch (15.4 %) and powdery mildew (17.5 %) was observed on the variant of N120P90K120. High effi ciency of the studied fungicides was established. The highest technical effi cacy of the preparations was obtained on the variant of Systiva 1,5 l/t + Adexar Plus 1,0 l/ha in the stage of the fl ag leaf. The results of the studies showed that the highest yield (9.27 t/ha) of the Wintmalt variety of winter barley under the studied conditions was obtained on the variant of complete mineral fertilization N120P90K120 and the treatment of fungicide plant protection by Systiva 1.5 l/t (BBCH 00) + Adexar Plus (BBCH 39) 1.0 l/ha. The fungicide protection of Systiva applied to the seeds along with the pre-sowing treatment, ensured a yield increase of 0.64 t/ha, 0.68 t/ha and 0.77 t/ha on the N40P30K40, N80P60K80, N120P90K120 respectively. The highest yield increase compared to the control was obtained on the Systiva 1.5 l/t (BBCH 00) + Adexar Plus (BBCH 39) 1.31–1.69 t/ha depending on the dose rates of fertilization. Fungicide protection is recommended to apply to all the studied fertilizers dose rates, but the highest yield increase from the fungicides was obtained on N 120P90K120. Key words: winter barley, fungicide, Systiva, Abacus, Adexar Plus, disease, fertilizers, yield.

scholarly journals The formation of the crop, sowing qualities and yield properties of spring soft wheat seeds under the influence of mineral fertilizers in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Lidiya Vasilievna Karpova ◽  
Anna Vasilievna Strogonova ◽  
Phedor Petrovich Chetverikov
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Soft Wheat ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Spring Soft Wheat ◽  
Middle Volga ◽  
Complex Liquid ◽  
Wheat Seeds

The article presents the results of studies on the formation of the crop, sowing qualities, yield properties and biochemical composition of seeds of spring soft wheat (Tulaykovskaya Nadezhda variety) under the influence of complex liquid fertilizers with microelements in chelate form in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga. The application of mineral fertilizer Megamix increased the number of grains on one plant to 32.9–36.3 units, which exceeded the control by 1.1–4.5 units, or by 3.5–14.1%. The yield of spring wheat from the integrated application of the agrochemical increased to 3.90 t / ha, which is 21.1% higher than the control.

scholarly journals Economic efficiency of seedling method of growing Melissa officinalis L. under drip irrigation

2020 ◽  
pp. 125-131
Author(s):  
N. Pryvedeniuk
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Planting Density ◽  
First Year ◽  
Melissa Officinalis ◽  
Lemon Balm ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The Cost

An economic evaluation of seedling cultivation of lemon balm under drip irrigation was carried out. The profitability of growing the crop with different number of planted plants per unit area is calculated. It was found that the costs in the first year of growing lemon balm can range from 165.5 to 209.4 thousand UAH/ha, for the second year of cultivation from 154.8 to 171.3 thousand UAH/ha. The highest economic indicators were obtained in the variant with a planting density of 55.6 thousand plants/ha, where the level of profitability was 24% in the first year and 118% in the second year of cultivation. The cost structure is analyzed and the factors that most significantly affect the cost of raw materials are identified. The high efficiency of the seedling method of growing lemon balm in the conditions of drip irrigation as a means of intensification of growing technology is proved.

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