scholarly journals Peat Stabilization using Gypsum and Fly Ash

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kolay P.K. ◽  
Pui M.P.
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
Standard Proctor Test

This paper presents the stabilization of local peat soil from Matang, Sarawak, using gypsum and fly ash. Peat soil has been identified as one of the major groups of soils found in Malaysia, which has high compressibility and low shear strength. Presence of soft or peaty soil is a major problem encountered by civil engineers in Sarawak. Different percentages of gypsum (i.e., 2, 4, 6 and 8%) and fly ash (i.e., 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) were added into peat soil at optimum moisture content and it’s maximum dry density determined by standard Proctor test. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test were conducted to determine the strength gain after 7, 14 and 28 days of curing periods. Physical properties of the peat soil have also been studied for identification and classification purposes. The unconfined compressive strength test results show that the peat soil gained strength due to the addition of different percentages of admixtures such as gypsum and fly ash and the strength also increases with the increase of curing periods.

Improvement of Soil by Using Natural Material (JUTE AND GYPSUM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2254-2258
Author(s):  
Zahid Hussain Shapoo
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Varying Length ◽  
Standard Proctor Test

Abstract: Generally clay exhibits undesirable engineering properties like poor bearing capacity and higher compressibility. Thus the improvement of the soil at site is indispensable. There are many stabilizers to improve the strength of soil like Jute, Gypsum, fly ash, rice husk ash, cement, lime used rubber tyres etc. In the present Study , we added jute and gypsum as stabilizer to improve the properties of clayey soil . Locally available clayey soil is used in this study . The objective of this study is to improve the strength of the clayey soil by making soil-jute and soil-jute-gypsum mixture. six specimens are prepared to investigate the properties of soil out of which three specimens are prepared by adding 1% of jute with varying length of 1cm,2cm and 3cm and the remaining three specimens are prepared by adding 1% jute and gypsum each with varying length of 1cm,2cm and 3cm of jute . Standard proctor test and unconfined compressive strength test are conducted to analyse the optimum moisture content (OMC), Maximum dry density (MDD) and compressive strength of soil mixture.

scholarly journals Characterization and Comparison Research on Composite of Alluvial Clayey Soil Modified with Fine Aggregates of Construction Waste and Fly Ash

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Qu Jili ◽  
Wang Junfeng ◽  
Batugin Andrian ◽  
Zhu Hao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Construction Waste ◽  
Comparison Research ◽  
Fine Aggregates ◽  
Optimum Water Content

Abstract Fine aggregates of construction waste and fly ash were selected as additives to modify the characteristics of Shanghai clayey soil as a composite. The laboratory tests on consistency index, maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength were carried out mainly for the purpose of comparing the modifying effect on the composite from fine aggregates of construction waste with that from fly ash. It is mainly concluded from test results that the liquid and plastic limit of the composites increase with the content of two additives. But their maximum dry density all decreases with the additive content. However, fine aggregates of construction waste can increase the optimum water content of the composites, while fly ash on the contrary. Finally, although the two additive all can increase the unconfined compressive strength of composites, fly ash has better effect. The current conclusions are also compared with previous studies, which indicates that the current research results are not completely the same as those from other researchers.

scholarly journals Using Nanomaterials in Stabilization of Soil for Oil Infrastructures

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 36-53
Author(s):  
Dr. Zaid Hameed Majeed ◽  
Eng. Kadhim Jawad Aubais ◽  
Dr. Mohd Raihan Taha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Soil Stabilization ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Al2o3 Content ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Geotechnical Characteristics ◽  
Compressible Soil

The design foundations  of storage tanks for oil industry experiences significant problems due to the widespread occurrence of weak and compressible soil which resulted in foundation failure. In this study, soft soils were taken from two locations and mixed with three types of nanoparticles which were nano-alumina (nano Al2O3), nano-copper (nano CuO), and nano-magnesium (nano MgO). Nanomaterials were incorporated in small percentage (less than 1%) by dry weight of soil. The tested geotechnical characteristics included the water content, dry density, and the unconfined compressive strength. The results showed significant enhancements in the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength. The level of enhancement depended on the type of nanomaterials and the contents. Improved strength and hardening properties were shown with the utilization of nano CuO material in comparison to the soil samples with the other nanomaterials additions, with its optimum addition of 0.7% provided an increment rate of 662.7% while the optimum nano CuO which is about 1% showed a 532% increasing rate in the compressive strength of S1 soil. It was noted that the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength enhanced with the increase in the nanoparticles content until reaching a percentage in which the strength decreased. The optimum content of the nano MgO was 0.3% while the optimum nano Al2O3 content was about 0.3% for soil S1 and was about 0.1% for soil S2. The presence of nanomaterials in excessive contents caused agglomeration of particles which had negative influences on mechanical characteristics of the soils. Generally, the incorporation of finer particles like nanoparticles even with low amount would improve the geotechnical characteristics of soils with the consideration of the potential environmental benefits, these combined admixtures are intended to lower the cost and become a more sustainable and environmental alternative for soil stabilization

scholarly journals Influence of Lime for Enhancing Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Road Works

2021 ◽  
Vol 1197 (1) ◽  
pp. 012077
Author(s):  
K.S Chamberlin ◽  
M. Rama Rao
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Expansive Soils ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lime Treatment ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Black Cotton Soils

Abstract Expansive soils are found in black cotton soils, which swell or shrink in volume when presented to changes in moisture content. Lime treatment is exhaustively used to increment the properties of sensitive and fragile soils. One of the hugest clarifications behind using lime is to decline the developing presentation of the earth soil. The arrangement of extra safeguards improves the reaction of quicklime (CaO) with water, structures hydrated (slaked) lime (Ca (OH)2), and thus earth characteristics. The vast inadequacy of employing lime is growing the deficiency of lime offset earth. Following that, the goal of this study is to see how re-establishing time affects the geotechnical qualities of settled Black cotton soils with lime. These discoveries recommend that adding Lime as a stabilizer works on the strength of black cotton soil. Some of the characteristics of the soil likely to be increased by using stabilizer in this work are UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) at different curing periods (7,14,28 and 56 days), CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value at unsoaked and soaked and MDD (Maximum Dry Density) decrease at different lime percentages(%) like 2.4.6.8 and 10. The result showed here untreated soil got stabilized by using the stabilizer in certain extent In this adjustment various rates of cementitious material is added to black cotton soil and directed tests like plasticity, compaction, swell pressure, free swell index(FSI), Coefficient of permeability (k) and CBR(soaked and unsoaked) at various conditions like OMC,OMC+2% water and OMC+5% water, UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) was performed. From the test results, it is identified that the stabilization agent decreases plasticity and improves strength characteristics. Addition of stabilizing agent makes the black cotton soil to non-plastic, non-swelling and attains increase CBR values which are greater than 25% for a dosage of 10% lime at OMC but remaining OMC+2%water & OMC+5%water CBR values are not various much difference as per test results. With the addition of lime, the black cotton soil becomes non-plastic, non-swelling, and has high strengths. Treated soils are used as a development material, for example, a subgrade layer in the development of adaptable asphalt pavements for roads.

scholarly journals Compressive strength of cement stabilizations containing recycled and waste materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (08) ◽  
pp. 791-804
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Optimal Moisture Content ◽  
Proctor Test ◽  
Pavement Structures ◽  
Full Factorial

This study analyses the possibilities of using up to 30% of reclaimed asphalt pavement as a substitute material for natural aggregate, along with fly ash replacing 20% or 40% of Portland cement in cement stabilizations with 4% and 6% of binder. The Proctor test was used to determine maximum dry density and optimal moisture content of cement-based stabilizations. The compressive strength was tested after 7, 28, and 90 days. Parameters influencing 28-day compressive strength were evaluated by full factorial design and by classification in strength classes. The results obtained justify the utilisation of waste and recycled materials in pavement structures.

scholarly journals Strength Improvement of Weak Subgrade Soil Using Cement and Lime

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anigilaje B Salahudeen ◽  
Ja’afar A Sadeeq
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Optimum Moisture Content ◽  
Atterberg Limits ◽  
California Bearing Ratio ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Subgrade Soil

The study investigate the suitability of subgrade soil in Baure Local Government Area of Kastina State Nigeria for road construction. The strength properties of the  subgrade was improved using lime and cement. Several analysis including the particle size distribution, specific gravity, Atterberg limits, compaction characteristics, unconfined compressive strength and California bearing ratio tests were performed on natural and lime/cement treated soil samples in accordance with BS 1377 (1990) and BS 1924 (1990) respectively. Soil specimens were prepared by mixing the soil with lime and cement in steps of 0, 3, 6, and 9% by weight of dry soil in several percentage combinations. The Atterberg limits of the weak subgrade soils improved having a minimum plasticity index value of 5.70 % at 3%Lime/6%Cement contents. The maximum dry density (MDD) values obtained showed a significant improvement having a peak value of 1.66 kN/m3 at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents. Similarly, a minimum value of 18.50 % was observed for optimum moisture content at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents which is a desirable reduction from a value of 25.00 % for the natural soil. The unconfined compressive test value increased from 167.30 kN/m2 for the natural soil to 446.77 kN/m2 at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents 28 days curing period. Likewise, the soaked California bearing ratio values increased from 2.90 % for the natural soil to 83.90 % at 9%Lime/9%Cement contents. Generally, there were improvements in the engineering properties of the weak subgrade soil when treated with lime and cement. However, the peak UCS value of 446.77 kN/m2 fails to meet the recommended UCS value of 1710 KN/m2 specified by TRRL (1977) as a criterion for adequate stabilization using Ordinary Portland Cement.            Keywords: Weak subgrade soil, Lime, Cement, Atterberg limits, Maximum dry density, Optimum moisture content, Unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio

scholarly journals Investigation of the Application of Various Water Additive Ratios on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cement-Stabilized Amorphous Peat at Different Natural Moisture Contents

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Atikah Rahmi ◽  
Siti Noor Linda Taib ◽  
Fauzan Sahdi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Improvement ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Moisture Contents ◽  
Ucs Test ◽  
Cement Soil

Natural peat is considered incapable of supporting built structure due to its poor engineering properties. Chemical stabilization is one of the peat soil improvement methods which has been studied by many researchers. This study describes an investigation of water additive (W/A) ratio application on cement-stabilized peat strength. Peat soil at different moisture contents, which are 1210%, 803%, and 380%, were stabilized with cement by W/A ratio of 2.0, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test was conducted after the specimens were being air-cured for 28 and 56 days. The result shows that there is an increase of UCS value as the decrease of W/A ratio (the increase of cement dosage) and the increase of curing time and peat moisture content. The higher strength found in the specimen with higher moisture content, compared to the lower one at the same W/A ratio, shows that the mix design of cement-stabilized peat using W/A ratio should have differed under different peat natural moisture contents. From the result, it is also found that cement hydrolysis reaction occurred despite the presence of humic acid in the peat soil, which by many studies is assumed will hinder the cement-soil reaction.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Properties of Effluent-Contaminated Cohesive Soils and Their Stabilization Using Industrial By-Products

Processes ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Irfan ◽  
Yulong Chen ◽  
Muhammad Ali ◽  
Muhammad Abrar ◽  
Ahmed Qadri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Industrial Effluents ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Cohesive Soils ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Plastic Clay ◽  
Swell Potential ◽  
By Products

The unchecked and unnoticed disposal of industrial leachates is a common malpractice in developing countries. Untreated effluents from industries drastically deteriorate the soil, altering nearly all of its characteristics. An increase in urbanization has led to construction on these deteriorated lands. In this study, the chemical impact of two industrial effluents, dyeing (acidic) and tannery (basic), is studied on two cohesive soils, i.e., high plastic clay (CH) and low plastic clay (CL). Properties such as liquid limit, plasticity index, specific gravity, maximum dry density, unconfined compressive strength, swell potential, swell pressure, and compression indices decrease with effluent contamination, with the exception of the basic effluent, for which the trend changes after a certain percentage. This study also examines the time variation of properties at different effluent percentages, finding that unconfined compressive strength of both soils increases with time upon dyeing (acidic) contamination and decreases with tannery (basic). The stabilizing effect of two industrial by-products, i.e., marble dust and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) have been evaluated. Unlike their proven positive effect on uncontaminated soils, these industrial by-products did not show any significant stabilization effect on leachate-contaminated cohesive soils, thereby emphasizing the need to utilize special remediation measures for effluent treated soils.

Study on the Strength Characteristics of Sludge Solidification

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 628-631
Author(s):  
Yi Xiang Chen ◽  
Kai Xi An ◽  
Ke Xin Zhou ◽  
Chen Hao Xu
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Strength Test ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Strength Characteristics ◽  
Curing Agent ◽  
Foundation Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength Test ◽  
Stabilized Soil

In order to reveal the effect of type of admixture and its content on the strength of stabilized soil, this paper uses the sludge as raw soil and cement, fly ash as curing agent, and analyzes the strength characteristics of samples mixed stabilized according to certain content. Using the unconfined compressive strength test, the compressive strength of the samples is tested. The effect of curing agent type and its content on the compressive strength is investigated. From the experimental results, it can be seen that the content of cement and fly ash has much effect on the strength. The conclusions obtained can have some conference values on the foundation treatment and reuse of waste resources utilization.

scholarly journals Experimental Study on Unconfined Compressive Strength of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Clay Soil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Gao ◽  
Guohui Hu ◽  
Nan Xu ◽  
Junyi Fu ◽  
Chao Xiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Maximum Dry Density ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Reinforced Clay

In order to study the mechanism and effect of basalt fiber reinforced clay soil, a series of unconfined compressive strength tests conducted on clay soil reinforced with basalt fiber have been performed under the condition of optimum water content and maximum dry density. Both the content and length of basalt fiber are considered in this paper. When the effect of content is studied, the 12 mm long fibers are dispersed into clay soil at different contents of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, and 0.35%. When the effect of length is researched, different lengths of basalt fibers with 4 mm, 8 mm, 12 mm, and 15 mm are put into soil at the same content of 0.05%. Experimental results show that basalt fiber can effectively improve the UCS of clay soil. And the best content and length are 0.25% and 12 mm, respectively. The results also show that the basalt fiber reinforced clay soil has the “poststrong” characteristic. About the reinforcement mechanism, the fiber and soil column-net model is proposed in this paper. Based on this model and SEM images, the effect of fiber content and length is related to the change of fiber-soil column and formation of effective fiber-soil net.

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