scholarly journals Hematological Profile of Indian Bullfrog and Common Toad from Different Environmental Habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lenka Monalisa ◽  
Dutta Sonali ◽  
Kar Biswakanth ◽  
Pattnaik Gurudutta
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Major Part ◽  
Common Toad ◽  
Terrestrial Environment ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Hoplobatrachus Tigerinus ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Sexually Mature ◽  
Disease Free

The wellbeing of human population depends on the ecosystem of earth. Amphibians from the ancient time represents a major part in the global diversity and play important role for the benefit of society worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the comparative hematological study of Indian bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus tigerinus) from wetland and a common Indian toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) from terrestrial environment. In this study we have procured 10 sexually mature and disease-free Indian bullfrog (9.93±0.07 cm total length, 59.5±1.94 g weight) and 10 common Indian toad (8.26±0.26 cm total length, 78.6±1.36 g weight). The RBC and WBC count were found to be increased in frog than toad. Variation in RBC morphology which reveals the anemic condition in frog than that of toad. The study suggested that the environmental conditions have significant impact on status of frog and toad.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Ecological Stability of the Village of Bielovce as a Result of to Changes in Land Use

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ivan ◽  
Tatiana Chebeňová
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Human Activity ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Ecological Stability ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Negative Factors ◽  
The Village

Abstract Globally, the human population is growing, which causes increasing demands on landscapes. Human activity significantly influences the ecological balance, especially in the negative. Ecological stability is the basis for assessments of all environmental conditions and for assessments according to new land uses. The area of interest is evaluated according to both positive and negative factors. There are many methodologies for calculating ecological stability, e.g., Muchová et al. (2009); Řeháčková - Pauditšová (2007); Kupková (2002); Streďanský et al. (1995) and Löw et al. (1984). The aim of this paper is to compare the works of the mentioned authors concerning the ecological stability of the district of Levice (Slovakia), specifically in the municipal cadastre region of Bielovce. The land uses of this territory have changed during some periods. We compared the state of the land uses in the years 1950, 2012 and 2014. During this period, the proportion of arable land increased, and the proportion of forest decreased. In the area of interest, the ecological stability increased, but not as significantly as we expected. The processed data were prepared in GIS.

scholarly journals Mathematical modelling for malaria under resistance and population movement

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-163
Author(s):  
Cristhian Montoya ◽  
Jhoana P. Romero Leiton
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Basic Reproductive Number ◽  
Reproductive Number ◽  
Transmission Dynamic ◽  
Equilibrium Solutions ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Existence And Stability ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Disease Free

In this work, two mathematical models for malaria under resistance are presented. More precisely, the first model shows the interaction between humans and mosquitoes inside a patch under infection of malaria when the human population is resistant to antimalarial drug and mosquitoes population is resistant to insecticides. For the second model, human–mosquitoes population movements in two patches is analyzed under the same malaria transmission dynamic established in a patch. For a single patch, existence and stability conditions for the equilibrium solutions in terms of the local basic reproductive number are developed. These results reveal the existence of a forward bifurcation and the global stability of disease–free equilibrium. In the case of two patches, a theoretical and numerical framework on sensitivity analysis of parameters is presented. After that, the use of antimalarial drugs and insecticides are incorporated as control strategies and an optimal control problem is formulated. Numerical experiments are carried out in both models to show the feasibility of our theoretical results.

scholarly journals Bone marrow transplantation for acute nonlymphocytic leukemia in first remission: analysis of prognostic factors

Blood ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 1191-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Bostrom ◽  
RD Brunning ◽  
P McGlave ◽  
N Ramsay ◽  
M Jr Nesbit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Bone Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Relapse Rate ◽  
Marrow Transplantation ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
First Remission ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract Prognostic factors were reviewed retrospectively for 39 children and adults aged 1 to 40 years (median 14 years) with acute nonlymphocytic leukemia (ANLL) who attained a first remission and underwent bone marrow transplantation from November 1976 to July 1983. The preparation regimen for transplantation was cyclophosphamide (60 mg/kg/d for two days) followed by total body irradiation (either 750 cGy single dose at 26 cGy/min, n = 37, or 1,320 cGy fractionated at 10 cGy/min, n = 2). Twenty-three patients are surviving disease free with a median followup of three years. The three-year estimated disease-free survival is 55% +/- 17% (+/- 2 SE). Five patients have relapsed from 92 to 756 days after transplantation for an estimated relapse rate of 21% +/- 18%. Two factors, the white blood cell (WBC) count and the French-American- British (FAB) classification at leukemia diagnosis were found to be of prognostic importance. Patients with a WBC of less than 20,000/microL at diagnosis had a three-year estimated disease-free survival of 74% +/- 18% v 26% +/- 24% for those with a WBC of greater than or equal to 20,000 (P = .008). The estimated relapse rate was 6% +/- 12% for patients with a WBC at diagnosis less than 20,000 v 53% +/- 38% for patients with a WBC at diagnosis of greater than or equal to 20,000 (P = .01). Patients with myeloid morphology at diagnosis (FAB M1,2,3) had an estimated relapse rate of 9% +/- 12% v patients with monocytoid morphology (FAB M4,5a) whose estimated relapse rate was 58% +/- 44% (P = .05). Our data suggest that a high WBC count at poor prognostic factors for patients with ANLL who undergo bone marrow transplantation in first remission after conditioning with cyclophosphamide plus total body irradiation.

scholarly journals An SIRS epidemic model of Japanese Encephalitis

1994 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. Mukhopadhyay ◽  
P. K. Tapaswi
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Epidemic Model ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Free System ◽  
Sirs Epidemic Model ◽  
Disease Free

An epidemiological model of the dynamics of Japanese Encephalitis (J.E.) spread coupling the SIRS (Susceptible/Infected/Removal/Susceptible) models of J.E. spread in the reservoir population and in the human population has been proposed. The basic reproductive rateR(0)in the coupled system has been worked out. Using Aron's results (cf. [1] and [2]), it has been observed that the disease-free system is stable in this coupled system also, ifR(0)is less than unity, and ifR(0)is greater than unity, the disease-free system is unstable and there exists a unique stable endemic equilibrium.The model also shows that in contrast to Aron's observations, loss of immunity is independent of the rate of exposure to the disease. This observation sheds light on the control measure of J.E. by vaccination. Passive immunization, i.e., administration of antibody at recurrent intervals is the correct method of vaccination to eradicate the disease.

scholarly journals Stability Analysis of a Vector-Borne Disease with Variable Human Population

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ozair ◽  
Abid Ali Lashari ◽  
Il Hyo Jung ◽  
Young Il Seo ◽  
Byul Nim Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Feasible Region ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Globally Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Vector Borne Disease ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Theoretical Results ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Varying Population

A mathematical model of a vector-borne disease involving variable human population is analyzed. The varying population size includes a term for disease-related deaths. Equilibria and stability are determined for the system of ordinary differential equations. IfR0≤1, the disease-“free” equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease always dies out. IfR0>1, a unique “endemic” equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable in the interior of feasible region and the disease persists at the “endemic” level. Our theoretical results are sustained by numerical simulations.

scholarly journals Influence of Mahaleb and Gisela 5 Rootstocks on the Growth of „Bigarreau Burlat” Sweet Cherry Cultivar

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Monica Pal ◽  
Viorel Mitre ◽  
Andreea Tripon ◽  
Mihai Lazar ◽  
Tabita Lisandru ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Sweet Cherry ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
High Density ◽  
Diameter Growth ◽  
Density Plot ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Gisela 5

Abstract. The influence of Prunus Mahaleb L. and ‘Gisela 5’ rootstocks on the growth of ‘Biggareau Burlat’ sweet cherry cultivar was evaluate on the environmental conditions of Cluj-Napoca city, in 2015, in a high-density plot (trees are planted at the distance of 4 x 1.5 m) with 1666 trees/ha, trained as spindle busch, with trellis system and drip fert-irigation provided. The measurements were done in April, on 10 trees of the cultivar grafted on different rootstock, in the 4th year after planting. The trunck diameter growth was measured 5 cm above the graft, and it was also recorded the number and length of annual increases (long, medium and spur fruiting branches) and calculated the tree height. After first four years from planting, ‘Biggareau Burlat’ grafted on ‘Gisela 5’ rootstock proved to be more vigorously than grafted on Prunus Mahaleb L., considering the total numbers of the medium and long branches per tree. ‘Biggareau Burlat’/Gisela 5, compared to ‘Biggareau Burlat’/P. Mahaleb significantly exceeded in the number of medium branches (4.7 comparatively to 3), number of long branches on the tree (17.2 comparatively to 7.9), number of inflorescences buds (74.7 comparatively to 41.3)  and the total length of annual tree branches.

scholarly journals Estimation and Optimal Control of the Multiscale Dynamics of Covid-19: A Case Study From Cameroon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Jaures FOTSA MBOGNE ◽  
Stéphane Yanick TCHOUMI ◽  
Yannick KOUAKEP TCHAPTCHIE ◽  
Vivient Corneille KAMLA ◽  
Jean Claude KAMGANG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Control ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Or Efficiency ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Human Contact ◽  
Multiscale Dynamics ◽  
Disease Free ◽  
Human Density

Abstract This work aims at a better understanding and the optimal control of the spread of the new severe acute respiratory corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). We first propose a multi-scale model giving insights on the virus population dynamics, the transmission process and the infection mechanism. We consider 10 compartments in the human population in order to take into accounts the effects of different specific mitigation policies. The population of viruses is also partitioned into 10 compartments corresponding respectively to each of the first nine human population compartments and the free viruses available in the environment. We show the global stability of the disease free equilibrium if a given threshold T0 is less or equal to 1 and we provide how to compute the basic reproduction number R0. A convergence index T1 is also defined in order to estimate the speed at which the disease extincts and an upper bound to the time of extinction is given. The existence of the endemic equilibrium is conditional and its description is provided. We evaluate the sensitivity of R0, T0 and T1 to control parameters such as the maximal human density allowed per unit of surface, the rate of disinfection both for people and environment, the mobility probability, the wearing mask probability or efficiency, and the human to human contact rate which results from the previous one. According to a functional cost taking into consideration economic impacts of SARS-CoV-2, we determine and discuss optimal fighting strategies. The study is applied to available data from Cameroon.

scholarly journals Mathematical Modelling to Study Effect of Vaccination on Transmission of CORONA Virus

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
DHRUTI K. PATEL ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modelling ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Stability ◽  
Vaccine Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Disease Free

Since 2019 end, whole of the world is fighting for survival against Covid-19. To overcome the pandemic, global pharmaceutical sector started vaccine research. Early 2021, rose with a hope of vaccine discovery and few companies across the globe have invented and started manufacturing Covid-19 vaccine. As on date vaccination is playing a crucial role in curtaining the spread of this deadly virus caused disease. In this paper, a Compartmental Model is developed to study the spread of Covid-19 taking two different categories of human population into consideration. One is the vaccinated population and other is population without vaccination. Expressions for Reproduction Number are derived for Disease Free Equilibrium (DFE) and Endemic Equilibrium. Stability of the equilibria is also discussed.

Analysis of a mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of human melioidosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (07) ◽  
pp. 2050062
Author(s):  
Yibeltal Adane Terefe ◽  
Semu Mitiku Kassa
Keyword(s):  
Human Population ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Reproduction Number ◽  
Backward Bifurcation ◽  
Endemic Equilibrium ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Asymptotically Stable ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Number Formula ◽  
Disease Free

A deterministic model for the transmission dynamics of melioidosis disease in human population is designed and analyzed. The model is shown to exhibit the phenomenon of backward bifurcation, where a stable disease-free equilibrium co-exists with a stable endemic equilibrium when the basic reproduction number [Formula: see text] is less than one. It is further shown that the backward bifurcation dynamics is caused by the reinfection of individuals who recovered from the disease and relapse. The existence of backward bifurcation implies that bringing down [Formula: see text] to less than unity is not enough for disease eradication. In the absence of backward bifurcation, the global asymptotic stability of the disease-free equilibrium is shown whenever [Formula: see text]. For [Formula: see text], the existence of at least one locally asymptotically stable endemic equilibrium is shown. Sensitivity analysis of the model, using the parameters relevant to the transmission dynamics of the melioidosis disease, is discussed. Numerical experiments are presented to support the theoretical analysis of the model. In the numerical experimentations, it has been observed that screening and treating individuals in the exposed class has a significant impact on the disease dynamics.

scholarly journals Improved results of treatment of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Blood ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 1242-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
CA Linker ◽  
LJ Levitt ◽  
M O'Donnell ◽  
CA Ries ◽  
MP Link ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Disease Free Survival ◽  
Remission Induction ◽  
Induction Phase ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Results Of Treatment ◽  
Kaplan Meier ◽  
Wbc Count ◽  
Disease Free

Abstract We designed a treatment program to improve the outcome for adults with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Treatment included a remission- induction phase followed by intensive alternating cycles of non-cross- resistant chemotherapy and prolonged oral maintenance therapy. Eighty- one consecutive previously untreated patients were entered on this study. Ninety-four percent of patients entered complete remission. A Kaplan-Meier analysis predicts that 53% +/- 9% (SEM) of patients in remission will remain free of disease at 3 years. Neither age, sex, WBC count, nor immunophenotype had a significant effect on remission duration. This program of intensive cyclical chemotherapy has improved the disease-free survival of patients with adult ALL.

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