scholarly journals INCREASING THE BIOGENICITY OF TECHNICAL SOILS WHEN CREATING VEGETATION COVER AS A METHOD OF CONSERVATION TAILING DUMPS FOR MINING WASTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 159-171
Author(s):  
Tamara T. Gorbacheva ◽  
◽  
Lyubov A. Ivanova ◽  
Anzhela V. Rumyantseva ◽  
Victoria V. Maksimova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Tailing Dump ◽  
Nutrient Regime ◽  
Prolonged Effect ◽  
Overburden Dumps

The article reviews the domestic and international practice of using municipal wastewater as an unconventional chemical meliorant with a fertilizing effect on irrigation fields, in hydroponic systems, as well as overburden dumps and ore enrichment waste during reclamation activities. The object of research was ore enrichment waste ("tailings") of the apatite-nepheline factory ANOF-2 of the Apatite CF JSC with a predominance of nepheline sands in their composition. The tailing dump is included in the list of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the region, but due to its rich mineral composition, it is recognized as a man-made Deposit that is subject to conservation in order to obtain Apatite, nepheline, sphene, aegirine and titanomagnetite concentrates in the future. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the effectiveness and prolonged effect of chemical reclamation of nepheline sands by clarified municipal wastewater (CMWW) to increase the biogenicity (NPK status) of technical soil when creating vegetation cover as a method of preserving the tailings dump. The article uses the method of phytotesting of soil irrigated by the CMWW of a regional enterprise of the agricultural sector on a single-species seed material recommended for recultivation of disturbed territories in the Northern regions. During the formation of seeded phytocenosis from meadow Timothy (Phleum pratense L.) on nepheline sands the stimulating effect of CMWW on the soil nutrient regime was confirmed. After phytoextraction (at the end of the experiment), it retains a high residual level of the main nutrient elements (N, P, K), which indicates a prolonged effect of CMWW. To confirm the effect obtained in the laboratory, a field experiment was launched at the ANOF-2 reserve tailings storage facility in 2019, and observations are continuing. Irrigation of nepheline sands with clarified municipal wastewater at a total rate of 380 t/ha, subject to the conditions of multiple uniform distribution of irrigation water over the area, has a prolonged effect on the nutrient regime of the soil and is sufficient to create a stable vegetation cover from Timothy meadow on ore enrichment waste without land use.

scholarly journals Chemical amelioration of nepheline sands using sewage sludge from a regional wastewater treatment plant

Vestnik MGTU ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
T. T. Gorbacheva ◽  
A. V. Lusis ◽  
L. A. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plant ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Wastewater Sludge ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Tailing Dump

The studies on the use of municipal wastewater sludge as an unconventional chemical ameliorant with a fertilizing effect were carried out on ore dressing waste ("tailings") of the apatite-nepheline plant ANOF-2 KF JSC "Apatit" with a predominance of nepheline sands in their composition. The tailings dump is included in the list of objects of accumulated environmental damage in the region, but due to its rich mineral composition, it is recognized as a technogenic deposit subject to conservation for the prospect of obtaining apatite, nepheline, sphene, aegirine and titanomagnetite concentrates. In the work, the method of phytotesting of soil irrigated with unfiltered rainwater with fragmentary application of sewage sludge of a regional wastewater treatment plant enterprise has been applied. The experiments have been carried out on a single-species seed recommended for reclamation of disturbed territories in the northern regions. During the formation of a sown phytocenosis from meadow timothy ( Phleum pratense L.) on nepheline sands, the stimulating effect of sewage sludge on the nutrient regime of the soil is confirmed. After phytoextraction (at the end of the experiment), it retains a high residual pool of basic nutrients (N, P, K), which indicates a prolonged action of sewage sludge. To confirm the effect obtained in laboratory conditions, a field experiment has been laid at the ANOF-2 reserve tailing dump in 2019, observations are continuing.

BOTANICAL COMPOSITION AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PERENNIAL GRASSES AGROPHYTOCENOSES WITH TETRAPLOID MEADOW CLOVER

1970 ◽  
pp. 59-62
Author(s):  
N. I. Kasatkina ◽  
Zh. S. Nelyubina
Keyword(s):  
Dry Weight ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Botanical Composition ◽  
The Third

The biological properties of plants, their mutual relations under different growth conditions and at different periods of their life, must be known for obtaining highly productive agrophytocenoses with participation of a meadow clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Botanical composition and fodder productivity of perennial grasses in agrocenoses with participation of meadow tetraploid clover Kudesnik were studied in 2014-2017. It was revealed that in the first and second years of use the agrophytocenosis, the yield of green mass was formed due to meadow tetraploid clover, the share of its participation in the first mowing was at level of 71-87% and 64-97% respectively. Specific weight of clover in multispecies agrocenoses considerably decreased by the third year of use: in the first mowing up to 32-68%, in the second - up to 8-52%. At the same time, the percentage of long-term herbaceous grasses increased: meadow timothy (Phleum pratense L.) - up to 34-54%, eastern galega (Galéga orientális Lam.) - up to 33%, changeable alfalfa (Medicago x varia Martyn) - up to 22-54%, lotus corniculatus (Lotus corniculatus L.) - up to 14-19%. The proportion of weed admixture in single-species clover planting was 12%, in agrocenoses - 2-14%. The grass mixtures clover + timothy and clover + alfalfa + timothy were less infested by weeds. High yield of dry weight of single-species sowing of meadow tetraploid clover was obtained in the first two years of use - 7.8 and 6.5 tons / ha, respectively. By the third year of use, the productivity of clover has decreased to 2.9 t / ha. On average, for three years of use, the highest yield (6.2-6.3 t / ha) was formed by agrocenoses meadow tetraploid clover + meadow timothy and meadow tetraploid clover + changeable alfalfa + meadow timothy.

scholarly journals TESTING OF CHLORELLA/SCENEDESMUS MICROALGAE CONSORTIA FOR REMEDIATION OF WASTEWATER, CO₂ MITIGATION AND ALGAE BIOMASS FEASIBILITY FOR LIPID PRODUCTION

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judita Koreivienė ◽  
Robertas Valčiukas ◽  
Jūratė Karosienė ◽  
Pranas Baltrėnas
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Treated Wastewater ◽  
Algae Biomass

Industry, transport and unsustainable agriculture result in the increased quantity of wastewater, release of nutrients and emission of carbon dioxide that promotes eutrophication of water bodies and global climate change. the application of microalgae for phycoremediation, their biomass use for human needs may increase sustainability and have a positive effect on the regional development. The experiments were carried out in order to establish the feasibility of treating the local municipal wastewater with microalgae consortia and their biomass potential for biofuel production. The results revealed that Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium eliminated up to 99.7–99.9% of inorganic phosphorus and up to 88.6–96.4% of inorganic nitrogen from the wastewater within three weeks. The ammonium removal was more efficient than that of nitrate. Chlorella algae grew better in diluted, while Scenedesmus – in the concentrated wastewater. The consortium treated wastewater more efficiently than a single species. The maximum biomass (3.04 g/L) of algal consortium was estimated in concentrated wastewater. Algae accumulated 0.65–1.37 g of CO2/L per day in their biomass. Tus, Chlorella/Scenedesmus consortium is a promising tool for nutrients elimination from the local wastewater under the climatic conditions specific to Lithuania. However, none of the two species were able to accumulate lipids under the nitrogen starvation conditions.

scholarly journals Environmental variation mediates the prevalence and co-occurrence of parasites in the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara

BMC Ecology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Wu ◽  
Murielle Richard ◽  
Alexis Rutschmann ◽  
Donald B. Miles ◽  
Jean Clobert
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Common Lizard ◽  
Zootoca Vivipara ◽  
The Common

Abstract Background Hosts and their parasites are under reciprocal selection, leading to coevolution. However, parasites depend not only on a host, but also on the host’s environment. In addition, a single host species is rarely infested by a single species of parasite and often supports multiple species (i.e., multi-infestation). Although the arms race between a parasite and its host has been well studied, few data are available on how environmental conditions may influence the process leading to multiple infestations. In this study, we examine whether: (1) environmental factors including altitude, temperature, vegetation cover, human disturbance, and grazing by livestock affect the prevalence of two types of ectoparasites, mites and ticks, on their host (the common lizard, Zootoca vivipara) and (2) competition is evident between mites and ticks. Results We found the probability of mite infestation increased with altitude and vegetation cover, but decreased with human disturbance and presence of livestock. In contrast, the probability of tick infestation was inversely associated with the same factors. Individuals with low body condition and males had higher mite loads. However, this pattern was not evident for tick loads. The results from a structural equation model revealed that mites and ticks indirectly and negatively affected each other’s infestation probability through an interaction involving the environmental context. We detected a direct negative association between mites and ticks only when considering estimates of parasite load. This suggests that both mites and ticks could attach to the same host, but once they start to accumulate, only one of them takes advantage. Conclusion The environment of hosts has a strong effect on infestation probabilities and parasite loads of mites and ticks. Autecological differences between mites and ticks, as indicated by their opposing patterns along environmental gradients, may explain the pattern of weak contemporary interspecific competition. Our findings emphasize the importance of including environmental factors and the natural history of each parasite species in studies of host–parasite coevolution.

Analysis of change in vegetation cover linked to public policies, case study: Tenosique, Tabasco, Mexico.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Nieto ◽  
Gabriela Vidal García ◽  
Mariana Patricia Jácome Paz ◽  
Tania Ximena Ruiz Santos ◽  
Juan Manuel Nuñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Cover ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Vegetation Index ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Landsat 7

<p>Currently, natural areas are being devastated by anthropogenic activity. Activities such as agriculture, illegal logging, non-organic farms, and livestock exploitation, disrupt an ecosystem that has been in balance for many years. Therefore, regulations implemented by governments are required for their preservation. However, these regulations are not always the most used in terms of conservation. Such is the case of the town "Tenosique", in this area is one of the most important rivers in Mesoamerica, the Usumacinta River, which is a great regulator of ecological processes and is connected to Mexico with Guatemala. This site has been under the influence of regulations applied to the economic impulse of the area, whether for agricultural and livestock activities, which has affected the apparent vegetation cover, unlike Guatemala that has opted for regulations with a forest conservation approach. These policies sought to boost the agricultural sector, but many deforested areas to carry out this activity turned out not to be suitable due to the type of soil. With the change of regime, financing ends and with it economic activity decreases, leaving the area quite affected and the communities with financial problems. Recently, conservation and protection actions were implemented in the area together with support for these communities. The proximity between Mexico and Guatemala visually shows the results of the application of different public policies. The objective of this study is to quantify the loss and gain of vegetation over time from satellite images of the area, in order to compare this statistic with the different government programs of each era. For this, at least 10 multispectral satellite images of free access will be used, from the Landsat 7 satellite, which has 30 meters of resolution but visually adjustable to 15 meters with the union of its panchromatic channel, and that cover a time range from 1999 to 2020. On these, two processes will be carried out: 1) a normalized vegetation index calculation and 2) a supervised classification. With which it is intended to measure the area and the greenness of a mask of the vegetation cover. The results will serve to update the projects carried out on the site and detect areas of priority interest resolution for larger projects, as well as the future estimation of the critical state of the site regarding the loss of vegetation cover and quantify the conservation efforts that have been carried out. carried out from 2008 to the present.</p>

scholarly journals Carbohydrates in alfalfa-timothy mixtures predicted with near infrared reflectance spectroscopy equations developed for single species

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Nie ◽  
G F Tremblay ◽  
G. Bélanger ◽  
R. Berthiaume ◽  
Y. Castonguay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Near Infrared ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Near Infrared Reflectance ◽  
Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy ◽  
Mixed Samples

Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility of using near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) equations previously developed with a calibration set that included samples of both timothy and alfalfa to predict carbohydrate fractions in mixed samples of both species. Timothy and alfalfa mixed samples were prepared with the alfalfa proportion ranging from 0 to 100%, with increments of 4%. With previously developed NIRS equations based on samples of single species of timothy and alfalfa, concentrations of total ethanol soluble carbohydrates (TESC), starch, and neutral detergent soluble carbohydrates (NDSC) of the mixed samples were predicted successfully, but concentrations of organic acids (OA) and neutral detergent soluble fiber (NDSF) were unsuccessfully predicted. Adding 13 mixed samples to the initial calibration set of around 110 samples of pure timothy and alfalfa samples improved the accuracy of already successful predictions for TESC, starch, and NDSC, and resulted in a successful prediction for NDSF in timothy and alfalfa mixtures.Key words: Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy, sugars, Phleum pratense, Medicago sativa

scholarly journals Circular Economy and its Prospects in Nepalese Agriculture

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Santosh Kumar Bhattarai ◽  
Suman Bhattarai ◽  
Chandan KC ◽  
Arun GC
Keyword(s):  
Circular Economy ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Life Stage ◽  
Environmental Taxes ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Minimal Amount ◽  
Closing The Loop ◽  
Infant Stage ◽  
A Current ◽  
Environmental Labelling

‘Circular economy’ in agriculture centres on the production of agricultural commodities using a minimal amount of external inputs, closing nutrient loops and reducing negative discharges to the environment (in the form of wastes and emissions). This can be achieved through the (re)design of maintenance, repair, reuse, remanufacturing, refurbishing, and recycling. Under the principles of CE, products and materials approaching their end-of-life stage can be regenerated or restored or replaced. Circular agriculture is aimed at closing the loop of materials and substances, and reducing both resource use and discharges into the environment. New measures like environmental taxes, insurance for liability resulting from environmental damage, cap and trade system and environmental labelling can be explored to promote transition of a current linear model to a circular one. The circular economy in Nepal is in infant stage and there is plenty of works to be done in this sector. The results of the paper will be instrumental for the transition of Nepalese agricultural sector to a more circular one.

scholarly journals Environmental sustainability: a review of the water-energy-food nexus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soheila Zarei ◽  
Omid Bozorg-Haddad ◽  
Shima Kheirinejad ◽  
Hugo A. Loáiciga
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Social Awareness ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Adverse Impacts

Abstract Water, energy, and food are primary resources on which human life is dependent. This paper presents a review of the water-energy-food (WEF) nexus considering the environmental impacts generated by humans' reliance on water, energy, and food for their subsistence. Our review assesses the WEF with respect to the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors and their use of water, energy, and food. The multi-sectorial assessment addresses options for improved management that avoids or mitigates adverse impacts in the agricultural, industrial, and urban sectors. Activities such as the use of fertilizers and pesticides in the agricultural sector, for instance, cause water, air, and soil pollution, which leads to social calamities and environmental degradation. Therefore, examining the effects of mismanagement in one sector on other sectors from the perspective of the WEF nexus is necessary for improved resource management and environmental protection. A literature review revealed that factors or practices of resources use influence sectors differently and with varying degrees of effectiveness in reducing the environmental damage caused by resources use. Improved social awareness on resource consumption, the use of renewable energy, improved energy efficiency, the reduction of food waste, improved animal husbandry, and other factors involved in the WEF nexus are herein examined. This paper's analysis demonstrates that every action and manner of resource use in one sector affects other sectors and their resources use, also, thus calling for a unified analysis of the WE nexus.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis on environmental and economic performance of agricultural cooperatives and smallholder farmers: The case of grape production in Hebei, China

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0245981
Author(s):  
Lei Deng ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
Jingjie Zhao ◽  
Ruimei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Environmental Harm ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Agricultural Cooperatives

Agricultural modernization and intensification have been regarded as a significant way to support agricultural development and improve farm income in China. Agricultural cooperatives have played an important role in promoting the modernization and intensification of Chinese agricultural sector. Given the increasing concerns about environmental harm, however, it still remains unclear whether and the extent to which agricultural cooperatives contributes to reducing environmental impacts of agricultural production. Hence, this study performed an environmental evaluation using life cycle assessment for three different organization forms of grape production in Changli County, Hebei Province, China: smallholder farmers, farmer-owned cooperatives and investor-owned firm-led cooperatives. Then the results of life cycle assessment were monetarized and cost benefit analysis was used to evaluate the economic performance of these three organization forms of grape production. The results demonstrate that investor-owned firm-led cooperatives present an overall improvement in environmental and economic performance with the lowest weighted environmental index (integrating all impact categories into a single score), the highest net profit and the highest total net benefit. The results also show a difference in potential improvement in environmental impacts and economic returns between cooperatives and smallholder farmers. Additionally, the production and application of organic and chemical fertilizer and pesticide have been identified as major contributors to total environmental damage.

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