scholarly journals ANALYSIS of STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS OF A DIGITAL THEMATIC MAP

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-67
Author(s):  
Yaroslava G. Poshivaylo

Over the past decades, cartography has undergone significant changes, where a digital form of cartographic information prevails has arisen, which in turn led to a change in the structure of a map. Basic software environment where thematic digital maps are created are analyzed. The structural elements of a digital thematic map created in various software environment are analyzed. Invariance of map elements is regarded.

Author(s):  
Diego Carro-López ◽  
Ignasi Fernandez ◽  
Natalie Williams Portal

<p>There is an extensive network of reinforced concrete bridges that give service to roads, highways and railways. These structures where constructed with quality standards of the past, and they suffer of severe problems. Now we consider the idea of substituting them with structural elements with much longer service life. However, there is an important question to be addressed in this area: what to do with the existing infrastructure that would be demolished. Even more if we consider environmental issues.</p><p>One good example of this recurrent problem could be found in the case of the Gullspång bridge (Sweden). It was constructed in 1935 and it was severely damaged with corrosion. The administration decided in the 2016 that no further repair would be done and that the bridge would be demolished and a new erected in substitution. A fraction of the concrete from the old bridge was crushed and processed to produce new aggregate. With this aggregate, using the coarse fraction, it was analyzed the structural effect of replacing natural aggregates with these recycled aggregates. The performance of the new structural elements was positive, and it seems that a high percentage of the natural aggregates could be replaced with recycled ones.</p>


2007 ◽  
Vol 44 (04) ◽  
pp. 212-225
Author(s):  
Lior Banai ◽  
Omri Pedatzur

Stiffened plates form the backbone of most of a ship's structure. Today, finite element (FE) models are used to analyze the behavior of such structural elements for different types of loads. In the past, when usage of computers and FE models were not used very much, analytical analysis methods were required. Two well-known methods have been developed for analyses of stiffened plates under lateral loading (uniform pressure), based on two different models, namely, the orthotropic plate model and the grillage model. Both models can give estimations for the maximum plate deflection under uniform lateral pressure. The objective of this paper is to present the two methods, evaluate and compare the methods using the finite element method, and finally implement the methods as a computer program for quick estimations of the maximum deflection of stiffened plates. The degree of accuracy of the two methods when compared to FE is discussed in some detail.


Author(s):  
David M. Kennedy

The 21st century has created an environment where the very meaning of the expression “to be literate” has come to mean much more than it did in the past. Literacy still encompasses the traditional reading, writing, and numeracy, but now includes visual and digital literacies that empower the individual to effectively communicate about, and use information (Jones-Kavalier & Flannigan, 2006). Literacy now incorporates an ability to critically evaluate information, communicate concepts, and express ideas in a variety of media, all mediated by computers. Earlier definitions of digital literacy tended to focus on technological skills (Bruce & Peyton, 1999; Davies, Szabl, & Montgomerie, 2002). However, the current focus has moved to a more pedagogical view that integrates technical, cognitive, and sociological skills (Eshet-Alkalai, 2004). What can the student do with information in digital form? The assumption now is that the student knows how to use the tools, and all that is needed is a focus on metacognitive and pedagogical needs. However, the case study presented in this article suggests that this is not so, and skills need to be integrated with meaningful tasks in order to become part of the lexicon of student learning modes.


2015 ◽  
Vol 1124 ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
Pavel Svoboda ◽  
Karl Heinz Winter

Reinforced and pre-stressed concrete have been used increasingly for various kinds of complex structures in the past decades. The structures assembled from panels belong into this group. The current design methods rely on linear elastic analyses based on empirically derived material laws assuming homogeneous and isotropic material. Practical experience and various investigations however have indicated that majority of structures and structural elements are in fact stressed beyond the range of linear elastic behavior. In addition, long term effects may have a significant influence on the structural behavior of this category of structures and structural members.


2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 731 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Li ◽  
Leonard F. Lindoy

The use of metalloligands as building blocks for the assembly of metallo-organic cages has received increasing attention over the past two decades or so. In part, the popularity of this approach reflects its stepwise nature that lends itself to the predesigned construction of metallocages and especially heteronuclear metallocages. The focus of the present discussion is on the use of metalloligands for the construction of discrete polyhedral cages, very often incorporating heterometal ions as structural elements. The metalloligand approach uses metal-bound multifunctional ligand building blocks that display predesigned structural properties for coordination to a second metal ion such that the rational design and construction of both homo- and heteronuclear metal–organic cages are facilitated. The present review covers published literature in the area from early 2015 to early 2019.


Information ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Thibodeau

This paper presents Constructed Past Theory, an epistemological theory about how we come to know things that happened or existed in the past. The theory is expounded both in text and in a formal model comprising UML class diagrams. The ideas presented here have been developed in a half century of experience as a practitioner in the management of information and automated systems in the US government and as a researcher in several collaborations, notably the four international and multidisciplinary InterPARES projects. This work is part of a broader initiative, providing a conceptual framework for reformulating the concepts and theories of archival science in order to enable a new discipline whose assertions are empirically and, wherever possible, quantitatively testable. The new discipline, called archival engineering, is intended to provide an appropriate, coherent foundation for the development of systems and applications for managing, preserving and providing access to digital information, development which is necessitated by the exponential growth and explosive diversification of data recorded in digital form and the use of digital data in an ever increasing variety of domains. Both the text and model are an initial exposition of the theory that both requires and invites further development.


Author(s):  
A. М. Bocharnikova

The article contains information on all general-purpose linguistic museums that are currently functioning in the world, functioned in the past, or are at the project stage. In cases where this is possible, the structure of museum’s exposition is examined. Criteria that have played a key role in the division of museums’ content into structural elements are defined. The accuracy of exposition authors’ compliance of their approaches has also been analyzed. The first linguistic museum in the world that opened its doors to visitors was Taras Shevchenko university of Kyiv’s Linguistic Educational Museum founded in 1992 by the order of the university’s rector. During next sixteen years it was world’s only linguistic museum till the year 2008 when National Museum of Language in the US was opened. In 2013 a new linguistic museum named Mundolingua was established in Paris. After 2014 when the museum in USA was closed and till now it continues to be the only linguistic museum in the world except Linguistic Educational Museum in Ukraine that is functioning. At present times there are several big projects of establishing a comprehensive linguistic museum in different countries. Among them is Planet Word in Washington, Museum der Sprachen der Welt in Berlin, Museum of Language in London. The work upon these projects is in progress and hasn’t reached the stage of completeness. There are also two websites available on the Internet that have the name of museum but does not contain any traces of the exposition content. These are the website of the above mentioned National Museum of Language and Taalmuseum in the Netherlands. Both of these websites are portals for announcements concerning exhibitions, lectures and meetings in different places that are somehow referred to language topics. In this article the structure of the museums content has also been analyzed. Linguistic Educational Museum in Kyiv was established for academic purposes therefore its content has the same structure as the Introductory Linguistics course. At the same time it reveals the principles of the museum exposition author’s Doctor of Science thesis named the Metatheory of Linguisics.


2000 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 340-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Leo ◽  
Eric M. Austin ◽  
Christopher Beattie

The chief tool for design of viscoelastic-based damping treatments over the past 20 years has been the modal strain energy (MSE) approach. This approach to damping design traditionally has involved a practitioner to vary placement and stiffness of add-on elements using experience and trial and error so as to maximize the add-on element share of system MSE in modes of interest. In this paper we develop a new technique for maximizing strain energy as a function of stiffness for add-on structural elements modeled as rank r perturbations to the original stiffness matrix. The technique is based on a constrained substructure approach allowing us to parameterize strain energy in terms of the eigenvalues of the perturbed structure. An optimality condition is derived that relates the input-output response at the attachment location of the add-on elements to the maximum achievable strain energy. A realizability condition is also derived which indicates whether or not the optimal solution is achievable with passive structural elements. This method has applications in the design of structural treatments for controlling sound and vibration and promises an efficient means of determining the limits of performance of passive structural treatments. An advantage of our approach over existing methods is that the maximum achievable strain energy fraction in the add-on elements is directly computable with the realizability condition then indicating whether the optimal solution is achievable.


2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1138-1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pardo Antonio Mezzapelle ◽  
Agnese Scalbi ◽  
Francesco Clementi ◽  
Stefano Lenci

Background:Recent major earthquakes in the centre of the Italy, between August and October 2016, have reaffirmed the seismic vulnerability of precast industrial buildings with a lot of collapse recorded. This is typical due to the past Italian building practices, where structural deficiencies are mainly related to the capacity to transfer horizontal forces between primary structural elements.Objectives and Methods:In these types of structures, a key role is played by the dowel pin connections which allow to transfer lateral horizontal forces from the beam to the column, without losing load carrying capacity. For this reason, in this work, the assessment of the seismic fragility of single-story reinforced concrete precast building located not far from the epicentres of the two aforementioned earthquakes was done.Results and Conclusion:The seismic risk was evaluated in terms of annual frequency of exceedance for three performance levels provided by the European and Italian seismic codes, considering the mean hazard curves for the site. The comparison between the fragility of different structural models shows the importance in the choice of the column-beam connection modelling to obtain reliable results on the structural safety assessment.


Archeion ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Niewęgłowski

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę digitalizacji materiałów archiwalnych, pod którym to pojęciem rozumie się przekształcanie ich tradycyjnego zapisu do cyfrowej postaci. Obecnie coraz częściej materiały archiwalne istnieją od początku w formie cyfrowej. Dawniej przybierały jednak formy wydrukowanych książek, spisanych dokumentów itp. Rozwój technologii sprawia, że bardzo duża część archiwów dokonuje cyfryzacji swoich tradycyjnych zbiorów, m.in. w celu sprawniejszego udostępniania materiałów archiwalnych. Po nadaniu archiwaliom cyfrowej postaci, mogą być one rozpowszechniane na dużą skalę za pośrednictwem Internetu. Takie zabiegi nie są jednak często obojętne z punktu widzenia obowiązujących w danym państwie przepisów z zakresu prawa autorskiego. Czasami regulacje te przewidują zasady, na jakich może odbywać się digitalizacja. Problematyka, której dotyczy artykuł, jest bardzo szeroka. Dlatego też analizie poddano najważniejsze aspekty zagadnienia, mające praktyczny walor dla działalności archiwalnej. W artykule poruszono m.in. problem udostępniania materiałów w postaci cyfrowej. Odniesiono się do nowych przepisów, w tym z zakresu dzieł osieroconych. Digitalization of archival materials in the light of copyright law. Selected issues The article presents the issue of digitization of archival materials, which is the transformation of their traditional form into a digital one. Currently, more and more archival materials are born in digital form. In the past, however, they were created especially as copies of printed books, written documents, etc. Due to the development of technology a large part of archives is digitalizing their traditional collections in order to make access to archival materials more efficient. Once the archives have been digitized, they can be made available on a large scale via the Internet. However, such activities are often not indifferent to the copyright law of a particular country. Sometimes these regulations provide certain rules under which digitization may take place. The problem addressed in the article is very broad. That is why the analysis covers the most important aspects of the issue which have practical value for archival policy. Some topics have been excluded. The article discusses, among others, the problem of making the materials available to the public in digital form. Reference is made to the new legislation, including that concerning orphan works.


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