scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT OF 3D REAL ESTATE OBJECT MODELS IN CADASTRE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-98
Author(s):  
Anastasiya A. Berdugina ◽  
Aleksandr V. Chernov
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
National Characteristics ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
Formalized Description ◽  
Object Models ◽  
Russian Model

The presentation of the property in the form of a three-dimensional model has become a subject of increased interest in cadastre management over the past decades. An analysis of this area in Russia showed a virtual lack of dynamics in the development of 3D modeling. One of the reasons is the lack of structure and content of a 3D model. The article presents a formalized description of the elements of a 3D model, on the basis of which a set of criteria and their indicators was proposed and a comparative analysis of the content of 3D models of advanced foreign countries was carried out. As a result of the analysis, a formalized description of the structure and content of 3D models in accordance with the national characteristics of the countries under consideration is proposed. Based on the data obtained, the Russian model of the 3D cadastre is formalized, and ways of its modernization are proposed in accordance with the best technological solutions of the analyzed cadastral systems.

scholarly journals Influence of Geometric Features Associativity of CAD Class Models on the Process of Their Updating – Comparative Analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Świaczny
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Optimal Solution ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Initial Design ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Class Models ◽  
Positive Effect

This article deals with the topic of one of the most important features of modern CAx class systems – associativity. The term refers to the ability to form relations (links) between two or more objects (in terms of their selected features), and with the consequence creating an associative (linked) three-dimensional model. The author pays special attention to the very process of creating relations between objects, as it has a key impact on the structural stability of CAD class models, and thus on their susceptibility to possible modifications. To show that not all associativity brings a positive effect, the author presents two examples of its implementation. In order to emphasize the influence of the method of linking individual elements, both examples are based on the same 3D model – a thin-walled part with a positioning pin. That means the geometric form of the default part is the same, whereas only relations of the individual objects of the 3D model change. In the first scenario, correctly defined relations between objects make that the positioning pin offset does not affect the initial design conditions. The second scenario shows an incorrect implementation of associativity, as a result of which the same operation of positioning pin offset gives non-compliance with the initial design conditions and with the consequence an undesirable change in its geometry. The article is an attempt to draw attention to the fact that the associative structure of 3D models is not always equal to the optimal solution. Only the well-thought-out nature of associativity allows to use all its advantages.

scholarly journals THE CONCEPTUAL PRINCIPLES OF USING DIGITAL 3D MODEL AS A MEANS OF COGNITION AND REPRESENTATION OF SIGNS OF CRIMINAL OFFENSE

2021 ◽  
pp. 537-550
Author(s):  
А. Kovalenko
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
3D Scanning ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Spatial Features ◽  
Object Based

The article forms the conceptual principles of use of digital 3D model as means of cognition and display of signs of a criminal offense in criminal proceedings. A 3D model can be defined as a digital, three-dimensional image of an object, which reflects its external structure and color, accurately and proportionally reproduces the ratio of its spatial features. It can directly contain information about the shape, proportions, color and mutual placement in space of the elements of the original object. Provided the manufacturing technology is followed, the model is isomorphic to original object. Such a model serves as a means of cognition and reflection of forensically significant features of a criminal offense. The main methods for making 3D models are reconstruction (modeling) and scanning. 3D reconstruction (or 3D modeling) can be defined as the process of reproducing a 3D model of a forensic significant object based on information about it contained in the materials of criminal proceedings. The reconstructed models can be used during investigative (search) actions and for solving organizational problems. 3D scanning consists in the direct fixation of the external spatial features of the object using a special software and hardware complex, followed by the formation of a digital three-dimensional model of the object. Subject to compliance with the procedural requirements for the use of technical means of fixing forensically significant information, scanned 3D models will be sources of evidentiary information in criminal proceedings. 3D scanning is a promising method for recording the course and results of an inspection of the scene of an incident, inspection of a corpse or things; it can be used for fixing signs of a person's appearance, as well as for solving identification and diagnostics tasks in forensic activities. The invariability of the 3D model can be ensured by calculating the hash of the file that contains it.

scholarly journals DEVELOPMENT OF A 3D CADASTRE AUGMENTED REALITY AND VISUALIZATION IN MALAYSIA

2022 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W3-2021 ◽  
pp. 123-130
Author(s):  
F. I. Hairuddin ◽  
A. R. Abdul Rasam ◽  
M. H. Razali
Keyword(s):  
Augmented Reality ◽  
Real World ◽  
3D Model ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Land Administration ◽  
3D Cadastre ◽  
Property Registration ◽  
Enhanced Reality

Abstract. This paper discusses the capabilities of cadastre augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) visualization in enhancing the stratified property visibility and information of the current strata plan in Malaysia. Currently, 2D information representation from the 2D+1D cadastre system is seen to be insufficient in serving real land management of the 3D aspect and property. Hence, toward a better digital 3D strata/property registration and land administration system in Malaysia, this study has explored the process in utilizing AR and 3D model to the current strata plan to enhance digital strata information contents and enabling the virtual strata plan presentation. The software used to develop the AR application smartphone was Unity3D software while Autodesk Revit applied to develop the 3D model and preparation of strata information. The interesting findings has been shown in this study. First result showed 3D models and strata parcel’s attribute that has been developed for AR digital content preparation. Secondly, this 3D-AR processes can continuously gather of user’s ambient information, conduct real-world recognition, and obtain real-world perception through smartphone device. Lastly, with utilization of AR technology in strata, it provides a more information to the strata plan without needing to change the current format of strata plan as the information are being displayed virtually onto the reality. With the integration of augmented reality and 3D visualization, the documentation of stratified properties in strata plan is potential to be enhanced from 2D planimetric to 3D representation. overlaid 3D model of the stratified property and standard strata information virtually on the present strata plan which has created an enhanced reality. This can allow the information to be viewed by more stakeholders with less restriction by using smartphone device.

A Three-Dimensional Mechanical Model Preprocessing Method Based on Modeling Software

2014 ◽  
Vol 926-930 ◽  
pp. 1660-1663
Author(s):  
Ning Sun ◽  
Sheng Jun Liu ◽  
Ying Jie Ma ◽  
Jin Min Wei
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Principal Axis ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Specific Method ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Model Retrieval ◽  
Modeling Software ◽  
High Degree

Three-dimensional model is high degree of freedom information. In order to realize content-based 3D model retrieval, normalization preprocessing of 3D models is needed. This paper have proposed a normalization method with 3D modeling software based on center of mass, principal axis of inertia and volume parameters to carry out coordinate system normalization of three-dimensional mechanical entity models. In this paper, Specific method is listed. Application examples are given to show the feasibility of this method.

Integration of Safety Knowledge into Three-Dimensional Model Design and Construction Plan from the Perspective of Project Executors in Petrochemical Industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192
Author(s):  
I-Jyh Wen ◽  
Chien Wei Liang
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Model Design ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
3D Design ◽  
Safety And Health ◽  
Job Safety ◽  
Safety Knowledge ◽  
Design And Construction

In petrochemical industry, the execution of construction involves three main issues, namely, design planning, construction, and job safety. Three-dimensional (3D) models are increasingly applied to design and construction. However, the improper concept of 3D design has bred potential unsatisfactory behaviors and the lack of vigilance among workers. Besides, many employees are not fully aware of the safety in 3D design and construction planning. Therefore, our goal is to improve the safety and health of construction workers through design practices in the upstream of the construction phase, and verify the applicability of the combination of 3D models and safety knowledge. Specifically, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 124 employees in the construction-related fields of the petrochemical industry. The collected data were processed, and statically analyzed on SPSS. The results show that safety knowledge was acceptable in 3D model design from the perspective of project executors, and the integration of safety knowledge into the design helps to improve the safety environment of the construction site.

scholarly journals Creation of virtual 3D models of the existing architectonic structures using the web resources

Spatium ◽  
2016 ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petar Pejic ◽  
Sonja Krasic
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Web Resources ◽  
Existing Structures ◽  
Software Packages ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

Digital three-dimensional models of the existing architectonic structures are created for the purpose of digitalization of the archive documents, presentation of buildings or an urban entity or for conducting various analyses and tests. Traditional methods for the creation of 3D models of the existing buildings assume manual measuring of their dimensions, using the photogrammetry method or laser scanning. Such approaches require considerable time spent in data acquisition or application of specific instruments and equipment. The goal of this paper is presentation of the procedure for the creation of 3D models of the existing structures using the globally available web resources and free software packages on standard PCs. This shortens the time of the production of a digital three-dimensional model of the structure considerably and excludes the physical presence at the location. In addition, precision of this method was tested and compared with the results acquired in a previous research.

scholarly journals Processing Three-Dimensional Models of Archaeological Artifacts

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 48-61
Author(s):  
Pavel V. Chistyakov ◽  
Ekaterina N. Bocharova ◽  
Ksenia A. Kolobova
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Post Processing ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Scaled Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Models ◽  
Three Dimensional Models

This article provides a detailed account of the process of scanning, post-processing and further manipulation of three-dimensional models obtained with structured light scanners. Purpose. The purpose of the study is determined by the need for national archaeologists to learn the methods of three-dimensional modeling for the implementation of scientific research corresponding to international standards. Unfortunately, this direction in national archaeology began to develop in a relatively recent time and there is a lag in the application of three-dimensional modeling of national archaeology compared to the world level. Results. Any archaeological, experimental or ethnographic artifact can be used for three-dimensional scanning. To perform post-processing of three-dimensional models it is necessary to carry out primary scanning of an artifact by one of the existing algorithms. The algorithm for creating models, their positioning, simplification, saving in various formats and export is described. The main sequence of 3D models post-processing includes: processing of groups of scanned projections (their cleaning and alignment), creation of artifact model and processing/rectification of the resulting model using special software. Conclusion. As a result of correct implementation of the algorithm, the researcher receives a scaled model completely corresponding to the original artifact. Obtaining a scalable, texture-free three-dimensional model of the artifact, which fully corresponds to the original and exceeds a photograph in the quality of detail transfer, allows a scientist to conduct precise metric measurements and any procedures of non-invasive manipulation of the models. The ability to access a database of three-dimensional models of archaeological collections greatly simplifies the work of archaeologists, especially in situations when country borders are closed.

Effect of 3D Manipulatives on Students with Visual Impairments Who Are Learning Chemistry Constructs: A Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (5) ◽  
pp. 370-381
Author(s):  
Derrick W. Smith ◽  
Sandra A. Lampley ◽  
Bob Dolan ◽  
Greg Williams ◽  
David Schleppenbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Education ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Atomic Orbital ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Specific Content ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Materials ◽  
Tactile Graphics

Introduction: The emerging technology of three-dimensional (3D) printing has the potential to provide unique 3D modeling to support specific content in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly chemistry. Method: Seventeen ( n = 17) students with visual impairments were provided direct instruction on chemistry atomic orbital content and allowed to use either print or tactile graphics or 3D models in rotating order. Participants were asked specific content questions based upon the atomic orbitals. Results: The students were asked two sets of comprehension questions: general and specific. Overall, students’ responses for general questions increased per iteration regardless of which manipulative was used. For specific questions, the students answered more questions correctly when using the 3D model regardless of order. When asked about their perceptions toward the manipulatives, the students preferred the 3D model over print or tactile graphics. Discussion: The findings show the potential for 3D printed materials in learning complex STEM content. Although the students preferred the 3D models, they all mentioned that a combination of manipulatives helped them better understand the material. Implications for practitioners: Practitioners should consider the use of manipulatives that include 3D printed materials to support STEM education.

scholarly journals Methods building and printing 3D models historical architectural objects

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 04016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ihor Hevko ◽  
Olha Potapchuk ◽  
Iryna Lutsyk ◽  
Viktorya Yavorska ◽  
Viktoriia Tkachuk
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Specialized Software ◽  
Bulk Data ◽  
Three Dimensional Models ◽  
Accuracy Speed

The authors present methods building and printing three-dimensional models for graphical reconstruction of historical architectural objects. Procedure sequence of the methods is exemplified through building the model of the Parochial Cathedral of St. Mary of the Perpetual Assistance of the 1950s. After analyzing and assessing the most popular specialized software means, the 3DS Max environment is chosen to build a three-dimensional model. Suggested software tools enable increased accuracy, speed and granularity of fixation of complex systems and expanded databases, providing efficient instruments to deal with bulk data and being relevant to new IT achievements. Sequence and content of operations for analytical and modeling cycles are substantiated. The cathedral model is built on the basis of archive photographs and drafts. The authors describe methods and the algorithm of procedures, principles of architectural and spacious modeling to recreate the architectural object. The three-dimensional model is built by applying a stereogram miniature of the destroyed Cathedral. Reconstruction of spacious configuration of the objects is based on parallax assessment of images. Stages of project implementation are determined. There are described methods of implementing modeling by 3DS Max tools and preparing the model for 3D printing in Cura.

Models partition for 3D printing objects using skeleton

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaotong Jiang ◽  
Xiaosheng Cheng ◽  
Qingjin Peng ◽  
Luming Liang ◽  
Ning Dai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
3D Models ◽  
Sweep Method ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Volume ◽  
Minima Rule ◽  
The Greedy Algorithm

Purpose It is a challenge to print a model with the size that is larger than the working volume of a three-dimensional (3D) printer. The purpose of this paper is to present a feasible approach to divide a large model into small printing parts to fit the volume of a printer and then assemble these parts into the final model. Design/methodology/approach The proposed approach is based on the skeletonization and the minima rule. The skeleton of a printing model is first extracted using the mesh contraction and the principal component analysis. The 3D model is then partitioned preliminarily into many smaller parts using the space sweep method and the minima rule. The preliminary partition is finally optimized using the greedy algorithm. Findings The skeleton of a 3D model can effectively represent a simplified version of the geometry of the 3D model. Using a model’s skeleton to partition the model is an efficient way. As it is generally desirable to have segmentations at concave creases and seams, the cutting position should be located in the concave region. The proposed approach can partition large models effectively to well retain the integrity of meaningful parts. Originality/value The proposed approach is new in the rapid prototyping field using the model skeletonization and the minima rule. Based on the authors’ knowledge, there is no method that concerns the integrity of meaningful parts for partitioning. The proposed method can achieve satisfactory results by the integrity of meaningful parts and assemblability for most 3D models.

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