ISOTOPE COMPOSITION OF NATURAL WATERS IN THE VERKH-TULA SETTLEMENT (THE NOVOSIBIRSK REGION)

The first data obtained in the isotope hydrogeochemical studies of natural waters in the Verkh-Tula settlement are presented in the work. The composition of these waters is mainly HCO Na-Mg-Ca with TDS varying from 542 to 731 mg/dm, and silicon content 0.46 to 7.04 mg/dm. The geochemical parameters of the medium vary from reductive to oxidative with Eh -157.4 - +231, weakly alkaline pH (7,4 - 8,1) and О 0.29 - 5.52 mg/dm3. It was established that δD and δ18O of surface and ground waters differ from each other substantially and vary from -105 to -126 ‰ and from -13.2 to -16.3 ‰ - for the former, and from -136 to -138 ‰, from -18.3 to -18.8 ‰ - for the latter. According to the data obtained, for the majority of groundwaters, the time of water residence in the aquifer is not less than 5 years, and their feeding is independent of local surface waters. The isotope composition of water-dissolved carbon (δС from -14.3 to -12.5 ‰) points to the biogenic origin of carbon dioxide participating in carbonate-silicate weathering.

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Ruskeala underground laboratory for the study of natural waters (Karelia, Russia)

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-22053 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Galina Borodulina

Keyword(s):

Baltic Sea ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Atmospheric Precipitation ◽

Underground Laboratory ◽

Weakly Alkaline ◽

Baltic Sea Region ◽

Calcium Magnesium ◽

The Baltic ◽

Academy Of Sciences

Ruskeala underground laboratory was organized jointly by the Karelian Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (KarRC RAS) and Kolmas Karelia company as an experimental innovative facility for the study of underground spaces. KarRC RAS is a partner in the Baltic Sea Underground Innovation Network (BSUIN) project of the Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme. Ruskeala quarries can act as a showcase of the transformation of the chemical composition of groundwater formed in Proterozoic calcareous rocks of the Fennoscandian Shield and exposed by open mining. Drillholes reveal weakly alkaline fresh (0.4 g/l) bicarbonate calcium-magnesium groundwater, which, when discharged in quarries, loses dissolved gases (CO2, He, Rn), becomes more alkaline and fresher due to atmospheric precipitation. Since the biota in the man-made reservoirs is poor, nitrates, as the final product of the transformation of nitrogen compounds brought in by surface runoff, can accumulate in the quarry water. The mine network provides a unique opportunity for studying the hydrodynamics and geochemistry of groundwater and its interaction with surface waters.The study was supported by BSUIN project of the Interreg Baltic Sea Region Programme

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Biodegradation studies as an important way to estimate the environmental fate of chemicals

Water Science & Technology ◽

10.2166/wst.1999.0685 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 39 (10-11) ◽

pp. 375-382

Author(s):

Andreja Žgajnar Gotvajn ◽

Jana Zagorc-Končan

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Environmental Fate ◽

Standard Test ◽

Screening Tests ◽

Natural Systems ◽

Additional Information ◽

Assessment Tests ◽

Ready Biodegradability ◽

Biodegradability Assessment

Biodegradation is confirmed as an important mechanism of organic chemicals removal in natural systems. Estimation of biodegradability of chemicals which reach the aquatic environment in significant or even negligible quantities is necessary in assessing the entire hazard associated with their use. The aim of our study was to compare the standardized ready biodegradability assessment test (closed bottle test) and its modifications, employing the basic agreements on test principles of simulation of biodegradation in surface waters, yet no official standard method has been adopted. The standard test was modified using various natural river waters and a variety of nutrient conditions and microbial species trying to simulate the natural environment in the simplified way. Tests were performed with two compounds with different ability to degrade. Experiments indicate that predictability of biodegradation obtained by ready biodegradability assessment tests for surface waters in many cases is not reliable, because of different conditions, which may prevail in surface waters over time and affect biodegradation. However, the use of natural waters in screening tests assures additional information on fate of chemicals in rivers and lakes.

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Estimation of evaporative loss based on the stable isotope composition of water using Hydrocalculator

Journal of Hydrology ◽

10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.02.010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 523 ◽

pp. 781-789 ◽

Cited By ~ 86

Author(s):

Grzegorz Skrzypek ◽

Adam Mydłowski ◽

Shawan Dogramaci ◽

Paul Hedley ◽

John J. Gibson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Stable Isotope Composition ◽

Evaporative Loss ◽

Isotope Composition Of Water

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Epithermal Fluorite Deposits in Transbaikalia (Geochemical Features, Sources of Matter and Fluids, and Genesis)

Russian Geology and Geophysics ◽

10.2113/rgg20194128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 62 (4) ◽

pp. 415-426

Author(s):

E.I. Lastochkin ◽

G.S. Ripp ◽

D.S. Tsydenova ◽

V.F. Posokhov ◽

A.E. Murzintseva

Keyword(s):

Meteoric Water ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Spatial Proximity ◽

Thermal Waters ◽

Sr Isotope ◽

Light Isotope ◽

Geochemical Parameters ◽

Nd Systems ◽

Deep Source ◽

The Impact

Abstract —We consider the isotope-geochemical features of epithermal fluorite deposits in Transbaikalia, including the REE compositions, Sr isotope ratios, Sm–Nd systems, and isotope compositions of oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and sulfur. The 87Sr/86Sr ratios in fluorites are within 0.706–0.708, and the εNd values are negative. Oxygen in quartz, the main mineral of the deposits, has a light isotope composition (δ18O = –3.4 to +2.6‰), and the calculated isotope composition of oxygen in the fluid in equilibrium with quartz (δ18O = –9 to –16‰) indicates the presence of meteoric water. The latter is confirmed by analysis of the isotope compositions of oxygen and hydrogen in gas–liquid inclusions in fluorites from three deposits. These isotope compositions are due to recycling caused by the impact of shallow basic plutons. The isotope composition of sulfur indicates its deep source. During ascent, sulfur became enriched in its light isotope (δ34S = –1.8 to –7.7‰). We assess the association of fluorite ores with basaltoids widespread in the study area. The isotope and geochemical parameters suggest their spatial proximity. Probably, the basaltoids were responsible for the recycling of meteoric water. It is shown that the epithermal fluorite deposits formed by the same mechanism as fissure–vein thermal waters in western Transbaikalia.

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Effect of UVB Irradiation on Cu2+-Binding Organic Ligands and Cu2+ Speciation in Alpine Lake Waters of New Zealand

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en04072 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 56 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Sylvia Sander ◽

Jonathan P. Kim ◽

Barry Anderson ◽

Keith A. Hunter

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Austral Summer ◽

Organic Ligands ◽

Conditional Stability ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Dissolved Metals ◽

Conditional Stability Constant ◽

Uvb Irradiation

Environmental Context. The bioavailability of dissolved metals in natural waters is directly affected by metal-sequestering agents. These agents include soil-derived matter and compounds released by microorganisms, since copper can support or inhibit aquatic microorganisms depending on concentration. During summer the levels of copper increase in surface waters, an effect intuitively attributable to increased ultraviolet light degrading the sequestering agents more effectively, leading to a concurrent release of the metal. This paper shows that the amount of degradation attributable to light is too low to explain the metal release and that a biological influence may instead be responsible. Abstract. The influence of UVB irradiation on the Cu2+ binding by natural organic ligands in six alpine lakes on the South Island, New Zealand, has been investigated using competitive ligand equilibration with salicylaldoxime and detection by cathodic stripping voltammetry (CLE-CSV). During austral summer 2002–2003 the total dissolved Cu ([Cu]T), the concentration of strong Cu2+-binding ligands ([L]T), and their conditional stability constant K´´ were determined in surface samples of all six lakes. All lakes exhibited appreciable concentrations of a strong Cu2+ binding ligand with similar K´´ values and concentrations always exceeding [CuT], thus dominating Cu2+ speciation. Four lakes (Hayes, Manapouri, Wanaka, Te Anau) showed no appreciable trend in [LT] throughout the summer, whereas in Lakes Wakatipu and Hawea [LT] increased steadily throughout this period. Laboratory UVB irradiation of lake water samples using a 400 W mercury lamp with a Pyrex glass filter (λ > 280 nm) showed that Cu2+-binding ligands are destroyed by UVB radiation, causing [L]T to decrease with a rate of –0.588 nmol L–1 h–1 (r2 0.88). From this we calculate that the in situ ligand destruction rate by UVB in summer for surface waters of these lakes is too small to significantly affect [LT], and conclude that variations in ligand concentrations must result from seasonally variable biological factors.

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Investigating late Holocene variations in hydroclimate and the stable isotope composition of precipitation using southern South American peatlands: an hypothesis

Climate of the Past ◽

10.5194/cp-8-1457-2012 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 1457-1471 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

T. J. Daley ◽

D. Mauquoy ◽

F. M. Chambers ◽

F. A. Street-Perrott ◽

P. D. M. Hughes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Stable Isotope ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Late Holocene ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Precipitation Amount ◽

Surface Air Temperature ◽

Global Network ◽

Stable Isotope Composition ◽

Δd And Δ18o

Abstract. Ombrotrophic raised peatlands provide an ideal archive for integrating late Holocene records of variations in hydroclimate and the estimated stable isotope composition of precipitation with recent instrumental measurements. Modern measurements of mean monthly surface air temperature, precipitation, and δD and δ18O-values in precipitation from the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries provide a short but invaluable record with which to investigate modern relationships between these variables, thereby enabling improved interpretation of the peatland palaeodata. Stable isotope data from two stations in the Global Network for Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) from southern South America (Punta Arenas, Chile and Ushuaia, Argentina) were analysed for the period 1982 to 2008 and compared with longer-term meteorological data from the same locations (1890 to present and 1931 to present, respectively). δD and δ18O-values in precipitation have exhibited quite different trends in response to local surface air temperature and precipitation amount. At Punta Arenas, there has been a marked increase in the seasonal difference between summer and winter δ18O-values. A decline in the deuterium excess of summer precipitation at this station was associated with a general increase in relative humidity at 1000 mb over the surface of the Southeast Pacific Ocean, believed to be the major vapour source for the local precipitation. At Ushuaia, a fall in δ18O-values was associated with an increase in the mean annual amount of precipitation. Both records are consistent with a southward retraction and increase in zonal wind speed of the austral westerly wind belt. These regional differences, observed in response to a known driver, should be detectable in peatland sites close to the GNIP stations. Currently, insufficient data with suitable temporal resolution are available to test for these regional differences over the last 3000 yr. Existing peatland palaeoclimate data from two sites near Ushuaia, however, provide evidence for changes in the late Holocene that are consistent with the pattern observed in modern observations.

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Marine temperatures underestimated for past greenhouse climate

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-98528-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Madeleine L. Vickers ◽

Stefano M. Bernasconi ◽

Clemens V. Ullmann ◽

Stefanie Lode ◽

Nathan Looser ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Waters ◽

Isotope Composition ◽

Stable Oxygen Isotopes ◽

Greenhouse Climate ◽

Temperature Reconstructions ◽

Stable Oxygen ◽

Clumped Isotope ◽

Earth’S Climate ◽

Extinct Group

AbstractUnderstanding the Earth’s climate system during past periods of high atmospheric CO2 is crucial for forecasting climate change under anthropogenically-elevated CO2. The Mesozoic Era is believed to have coincided with a long-term Greenhouse climate, and many of our temperature reconstructions come from stable isotopes of marine biotic calcite, in particular from belemnites, an extinct group of molluscs with carbonate hard-parts. Yet, temperatures reconstructed from the oxygen isotope composition of belemnites are consistently colder than those derived from other temperature proxies, leading to large uncertainties around Mesozoic sea temperatures. Here we apply clumped isotope palaeothermometry to two distinct carbonate phases from exceptionally well-preserved belemnites in order to constrain their living habitat, and improve temperature reconstructions based on stable oxygen isotopes. We show that belemnites precipitated both aragonite and calcite in warm, open ocean surface waters, and demonstrate how previous low estimates of belemnite calcification temperatures has led to widespread underestimation of Mesozoic sea temperatures by ca. 12 °C, raising estimates of some of the lowest temperature estimates for the Jurassic period to values which approach modern mid-latitude sea surface temperatures. Our findings enable accurate recalculation of global Mesozoic belemnite temperatures, and will thus improve our understanding of Greenhouse climate dynamics.

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Geochemistry of natural waters of the Baydar valley (Crimean Peninsula)

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/20199801036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 98 ◽

pp. 01036

Author(s):

Larisa A. Nichkova ◽

Dmitry A. Novikov ◽

Anatoliy V. Chernykh ◽

Fedor F. Dultsev ◽

Galina A. Sigora ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Trace Elements ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Upper Jurassic ◽

Alkaline Ph ◽

Crimean Peninsula ◽

Ph Values ◽

Ree Distribution ◽

Basic Characteristics ◽

The Crimean Peninsula

The paper discusses the pioneering results of comprehensive hydrogeochemical studies of natural waters of the Baydar valley (southwestern parts of the Crimean Peninsula), whose major aquifers are confined to the upper Jurassic sediments (karst limestone) representing the most important hydrogeological feature of the study area. Fresh and ultra-fresh waters of predominantly bicarbonate calcium composition with total mineralization in the range from 194 to 1137 mg/dm3 are most widespread in the region. The analyzed waters (surface, ground and artesian) differ significantly in chemical composition and their basic characteristics have been arranged in the following patterns: mineralization of 254-832 mg/dm3 and neutral pH (6.98-7.54) for artesian waters; higher mineralization level (up to 1137 mg/dm3) and wide variations of pH values (from 7.18 to 8.31) for ground waters; mineralization from 194 to 288 mg/dm3 and a slightly alkaline pH (between 8.02 and 8.04) for surface waters collected in the Chyornaya river basin and Chernorechensk reservoir. The studied waters display a unique spectrum of trace elements and REE distribution.

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Semiarid climate and hyposaline lake on early Mars inferred from reconstructed water chemistry at Gale

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-12871-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Keisuke Fukushi ◽

Yasuhito Sekine ◽

Hiroshi Sakuma ◽

Koki Morida ◽

Robin Wordsworth

Keyword(s):

Pore Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Natural Waters ◽

Lacustrine Sediments ◽

Redox States ◽

Gale Crater ◽

Fundamental Properties ◽

Formation Conditions ◽

Early Mars ◽

Multiple Scenarios

Abstract Salinity, pH, and redox states are fundamental properties that characterize natural waters. These properties of surface waters on early Mars reflect palaeoenvironments, and thus provide clues on the palaeoclimate and habitability. Here we constrain these properties of pore water within lacustrine sediments of Gale Crater, Mars, using smectite interlayer compositions. Regardless of formation conditions of smectite, the pore water that last interacted with the sediments was of Na-Cl type with mild salinity (~0.1–0.5 mol/kg) and circumneutral pH. To interpret this, multiple scenarios for post-depositional alterations are considered. The estimated Na-Cl concentrations would reflect hyposaline, early lakes developed in 104–106-year-long semiarid climates. Assuming that post-depositional sulfate-rich fluids interacted with the sediments, the redox disequilibria in secondary minerals suggest infiltration of oxidizing fluids into reducing sediments. Assuming no interactions, the redox disequilibria could have been generated by interactions of upwelling groundwater with oxidized sediments in early post-depositional stages.

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Partial Validation of the Dutch Model for Emission and Transport of Nutrients (STONE)

The Scientific World JOURNAL ◽

10.1100/tsw.2001.262 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 194-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

G.B.J. Overbeek ◽

A. Tiktak ◽

A.H.W. Beusen ◽

P.J.T.M. van Puijenbroek

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Spatial Scales ◽

Animal Husbandry ◽

Environmental Benefits ◽

Monitoring Networks ◽

Local Surface ◽

Nutrient Excretion ◽

Abatement Policy ◽

Socioeconomic Consequences

The Netherlands has to cope with large losses of N and P to groundwater and surface water. Agriculture is the dominant source of these nutrients, particularly with reference to nutrient excretion due to intensive animal husbandry in combination with fertilizer use. The Dutch government has recently launched a stricter eutrophication abatement policy to comply with the EC nitrate directive. The Dutch consensus model for N and P emission to groundwater and surface water (STONE) has been developed to evaluate the environmental benefits of abatement plans. Due to the possibly severe socioeconomic consequences of eutrophication abatement plans, it is of utmost importance that the model is thoroughly validated. Because STONE is applied on a nationwide scale, the model validation has also been carried out on this scale. For this purpose the model outputs were compared with lumped results from monitoring networks in the upper groundwater and in surface waters. About 13,000 recent point source observations of nitrate in the upper groundwater were available, along with several hundreds of observations showing N and P in local surface water systems. Comparison of observations from the different spatial scales available showed the issue of scale to be important. Scale issues will be addressed in the next stages of the validation study.

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