Socio-Demographic Situation in Kazakhstan: Problems of Reproduction

An increase in the birth rates and a decrease in mortality is currently one of the priority lines of the development of society. From a purely technocratic standpoint, development of the population should be based on accurate knowledge of the number of consumers and the movement of needs, without which it is impossible to solve many social problems in general. The paper addresses a question of the need to orient the economy towards the development of a person and the population as a whole. The purpose and objectives of the study were to identify the dynamics of the population size, natural increase, the main trends in the growth of birth rate, the analysis of the causes of death, including infant mortality, the study of the marriage and divorce rates, migration. In the main part of the paper, the indicators of the population size in the republic over the past 17 years and in recent years are considered, including: the main trends in population growth, factors affecting the growth and decrease in mortality, causes of infant mortality, migration balance, marriage and divorce rates, both in the republic as a whole and region-wise. In conclusion, proposals were made to create favourable conditions for the demographic growth of population of the republic. Today, the solution of problems in the field of demographic policy is becoming increasingly important. It is necessary to accurately determine the priority paths of demographic growth, taking into account the specifics of the development of the population of Kazakhstan. In the future, this would facilitate the solution of demographic problems in terms of improving the demographic situation, which will contribute to the prosperity of the whole state.

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FAMILY STRUCTURE, MARIAGE AND DIVORCE RATES OF THE POPULATION IN NORTH OSSETIA

Вестник Владикавказского научного центра ◽

10.23671/vnc.2018.2.23763 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

О.А. Бадов ◽

А.Д. Бадов

Keyword(s):

Marital Status ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Economic Life ◽

Demographic Situation ◽

Marriage And Divorce ◽

Divorce Rates ◽

The Republic ◽

North Ossetia

Исследуются особенности семейного состояния, брачности и разводимости населения Север- ной Осетии. Выявлены тенденции изменений показателей за последние 60 лет, а также географические различия внутри Северной Осетии. Даются рекомендации по оптимизации ситуации. Существенное снижение рождаемости и повышение смертности в 90-х годах ХХ в. весьма негативно сказались на уровне брачности и разводимости. В Северной Осетии и в предыдущие годы низкий уровень брачности сочетался с высокими показателями разводимости. После 1990-х гг. ситуация еще более усугубилась. Многие из тех, кто пропустил свой «брачный возраст», одиноки до сих пор. Брачно-семейные отношения весьма чувствительны к социально-экономическим условиям. Повышение уровня жизни населения привело к стабилизации показателей брачности и разводимости, но новый экономический кризис привел и к новому витку снижения брачности и повышения разводимости. Каждый второй брак в настоящее время распадается. На снижение брачности оказывают влияние два обстоятельства: 1) продолжающийся экономический кризис; 2) в брачный возраст вступает малочисленное поколение, родившееся в 1990-х гг. Снижение брачности и увеличение разводимости ведет к новому витку падения рождаемости. В связи с этим необходимо срочно предпринимать конкретные действия, направленные на улучшение демографической ситуации. The peculiarities of marital status, marriage and divorce rates of the population in North Ossetia are investigated. The trends of changes in indicators over the past 60 years, as well as geographical differences within North Ossetia have been revealed. Recommendations to optimize the situation are given. Demographic downfall in the 1990s had the most negative impact on the level of marriages and divorces. A low level of nuptiality in North Ossetia was combined with a high level of divorce. A signifi cant number of people who «missed» their marriage age are still single. The improvement of the social and economic life conditions has had a positive impact on the marital status of the population. In the Republic, the marriage rate has increased and the divorce rate has decreased, so the divorce index and the number of divorces per 1000 marriages have been reduced. In recent times, however, there has been a trend to decrease the number of marriages and to increase the number of divorces. Currently every second marriage breaks up in the region. There is a signifi cant territorial differentiation in terms of marriage and divorce rates. In urban settlements both mariage and divorce rates were signifi cantly higher than in rural areas. The most favorable situation is observed in the Ardon and Kirov districts. The worst situation is in the Mozdok district. There has been a transition from complex families to simple ones in the Republic. In the mid-2010s a small number of people born in the early 1990’s began to reach marriageable age, and this can lead to an even more catastrophic demographic situation, or more precisely to a further collapse of the birth rate. In this regard, it is urgent to take concrete actions to improve the demographic situation.

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Natural Reproduction of the Population of Russia during the Coronavirus Pandemic: Risks and Consequences (The Case of the Republic of Tatarstan)

REGIONOLOGY ◽

10.15507/2413-1407.116.029.202103.686-708 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 686-708

Author(s):

Alisa A. Ibragimova ◽

Chulpan I. Ildarhanova

Keyword(s):

Natural Population ◽

Russian Federation ◽

Population Change ◽

Population Decline ◽

Demographic Situation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Demographic Indicators ◽

Natural Reproduction ◽

The Russian Federation ◽

The Republic

Introduction. The study is of relevance due to the decline in the population of the Russian Federation since 2018 and the aggravation of the demographic situation since 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on the results of analyses of demographic indicators of natural population growth in the Russian Federation, in the Volga Federal District, and in the Republic of Tatarstan, the article identifies the factors affecting such indicators during the spread of coronavirus infection. Materials and Methods. The study analyzed operational data from the Federal State Statistics Service and the Unified Interdepartmental Information and Statistical System on the demographic indicators (birth rate, mortality, marriage rate, and divorce rate). The comparative, cross-sectional, correlation, and regression methods of analysis were employed, which made it possible to reveal significant factors affecting the demographic situation and identify the general trend of demographic processes during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results. On the basis of the official statistics, an analysis of the demographic situation in terms of natural reproduction of the population of Russia, exemplified by the case of the Republic of Tatarstan has been carried out; the main factors in natural population decline during the COVID-19 pandemic have been identified; the need for the introduction of new measures aimed at improving health and reducing the mortality rate and overcoming the demographic crisis in marriage and family relations has been substantiated. Discussion and Conclusion. Conclusions have been drawn about the possibility of increasing the negative impact of the coronavirus pandemic on the future demographic situation, which is a threat to the national security of Russia. The significance of the research materials consists in a comprehensive analysis of the demographic situation caused by the natural population change. The results of the study can be used by the authorities in the development and adjustment of regional and federal demographic and social policies.

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Analysis of the demographic situation in Gomel region (2008–2019)

Health and Ecology Issues ◽

10.51523/2708-6011.2020-17-4-16 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 114-121

Author(s):

A. M. Ostrovsky ◽

I. N. Koliada ◽

T. M. Sharshakova

Keyword(s):

Mortality Rate ◽

Rural Population ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Natural Increase ◽

Annual Reports ◽

Demographic Situation ◽

Sex Structure ◽

Demographic Indicators ◽

Significant Negative Impact ◽

The Republic

Objective: to analyze the medical and demographic indicators in Gomel Region between 2008 to 2019 in dynamics.Material and methods. The source of initial information was the materials of the annual reports of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2008 to 2019. The calculation and assessment of the demographic indicators were made according to the generally accepted method. The 95 % probability of differences (α = 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant.Results. The performed analysis has showed that an unfavorable demographic situation still persists in Gomel Region. Thus, the average population in 2019 decreased by 5.8 thousand people compared to 2008 and made up 1409.9 thousand people. The number of urban dwellers in the region made up 1095.4 thousand people and increased by 0.5 thousand people, the rural population decreased by 6.3 thousand people and made up 315.5 thousand people. The share of the rural population in the total population of the region is currently 23.3 %. On the whole, there is a negative natural increase. The natural decline remains stable and long-term, and in the year of 2019 it was — 3.8 ‰. The general mortality rate increased by 3.8 %, and the birth rate decreased by 4.9% compared to the previous year. The mortality rate among the working-age population remains high. The study has found the stabilization and even a decrease of child and infant mortalities over the past years.Conclusion. The analysis of the demographic processes in Gomel Region between 2008 and 2019 indicates their direct and significant negative impact on the population size and its age and sex structure. This tendency is not temporary, as it is associated with the current historical process. The number of residents in the region is constantly decreasing, which is mainly related to the stable natural decline. Taking into account the current demographic crisis not only in Gomel Region but also in other regions of the Republic of Belarus, health promotion and enhancement among the population should be the most important priorities of the state policy.

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A spatial perspective on demographic change in Serbian cities and towns

Spatium ◽

10.2298/spat1941023p ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 23-31

Author(s):

Marijana Pantic

Keyword(s):

Population Size ◽

Demographic Change ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Population Aging ◽

Natural Increase ◽

Urban Settlements ◽

Territorial Organization ◽

The Law ◽

The Republic ◽

The One

The majority of European countries share challenges related to demographic change. A decline in the total population size and population aging have already spread from rural to some urban areas. The case of Serbia is no exception. The focus of this article is the parameters of demographic change analysed particularly for larger (cities) and smaller (towns) urban settlements - population size, birth rate, rate of natural increase, average age of first-time mothers, total fertility rate, share of the young and elderly population, average population age, and developing demographic trends. The paper also stresses the necessity to use other definitions for a ?city? than the one used in legislation or statistical reports, by showing the extent to which results might differ depending on the chosen definition. One of the definitions used in this paper relies on a slightly adapted division of settlements used in statistical reporting, while the other is based on the Law on Local Self-Government (2007), the Law on the Territorial Organization of the Republic of Serbia (2007) and functional urban areas defined by the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia. Cities and towns are observed from the perspective of their spatial distribution; therefore, each parameter is considered at the settlement, regional and district level.

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Characteristics Of The Demographic Development Of Cis: A Case Study Of Uzbekistan

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2016.v12n11p280 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 280

Author(s):

Abduramanov Xamid Xudaybergenovich

Keyword(s):

Ageing Population ◽

Demographic Development ◽

Demographic Pressure ◽

Demographic Situation ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

The Republic ◽

Cis Countries ◽

Pressure Factor

This article gives a specified place of population of the Republic of Uzbekistan among the CIS countries. A dynamics of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 1991-2015 was obtained. Also, an analysis of the structure of the population according to number, age and distribution was carried out. The determined factors affecting the age structure of the population was also ascertained. Demographic pressure factor was calculated. A long-term demographic forecast of Uzbekistan was carried out for the period until 2030. The territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the CIS countries were divided into groups according to the level of ageing population. They developed scientifically based proposals and recommendations towards improving the welfare of elderly people on the basis of the current demographic situation in Republic of Uzbekistan.

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Hygienic assessment of learning environment conditions (by the example of higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa)

Hygiene and Sanitation ◽

10.33029/0016-9900-2020-99-4-405-411 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 99 (4) ◽

pp. 405-411

Author(s):

Elena Ju. Gorbatkova

Keyword(s):

Ionizing Radiation ◽

Educational Institutions ◽

Higher Educational Institutions ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽

Average Relative Humidity ◽

Higher Educational ◽

The Republic ◽

And Performance ◽

The City

Introduction. The important factors affecting health and performance of young people are the conditions of education, in particular, a comfortable microclimate in the classrooms of higher educational institutions. Materials and methods. In view of the urgency of this problem, an analysis was made of the microclimate parameters of educational organizations of different profiles (Ufa city, the Republic of Bashkortostan). 294 classrooms were studied in 22 buildings of 4 leading universities in Ufa. A total of 3,822 measurements were taken to determine the parameters of the microclimate. The analysis of ionizing radiation in the aerial environment of classrooms. There was performed determination of radon and its affiliated products content. In order to assess the conditions and lifestyle of students of 4 higher educational institutions of the city of Ufa, we conducted an anonymous survey of 1,820 students of I and IV years of education. Results. The average temperature in the classrooms of all universities studied was 23.9±0.09 C. The average relative humidity in all classrooms was 34.2 ± 0.42%. Analysis of ionizing radiation (radon and its daughter products decay) in the aerial environment of the classrooms and sports halls located in the basement determined that the average annual equivalent equilibrium volumetric activity of the radon daughter products (EROA ± Δ222Rn) ranged from 28 ± 14 to 69 ± 34.5 meter, which meets the requirements established by SanPiN. Conclusion. The hygienic assessment of the microclimate parameters of educational institutions of various profile revealed a number of deviations from the regulated norms. The results indicate the need to control the parameters of the microclimate, both from the administration of universities, and from the professors. According to the results of the study, recommendations were prepared for the management of higher educational institutions in Ufa.

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EVALUATION OF FINANCIAL SECURITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF CRIMEA

Scientific Bulletin: finance, banking, investment. ◽

10.37279/2312-5330-2020-2-56-67 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 56-67

Author(s):

Elena Evgenevna Mashyanova ◽

Elena Aleksandrovna Smirnova

Keyword(s):

Financial Markets ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Gradual Increase ◽

Financial System ◽

Financial Security ◽

Key Factors ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

External Threats ◽

The Republic ◽

Global Financial System

In modern conditions of development, financial security is an integral part of the overall security of the region and is formed on the basis of the functioning of the financial system. The complication of relationships between key segments of international financial markets, as well as the limited ability to accurately predict future trends in the development of the global financial system, lead to a gradual increase in the risks that accompany the activities of economic entities, and an increase in the number and scale of internal and external threats that have a negative impact on the financial security of the state. This formulation of the issue requires generalization of approaches to determining the financial security of the region in order to further formalize this issue and determine the key factors affecting it. The article considers the types of financial security, as well as certain areas of ensuring the financial security of the region and their priority. In work the assessment of the level of socio-economic development of the region with a view to ensuring financial security on the basis of which offers the main activities and priority areas of implementation of the investment policy that will ensure financial security of the Republic of Crimea.

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Estimation of Electricity Generation by an Electro-Technical Complex with Photoelectric Panels Using Statistical Methods

Symmetry ◽

10.3390/sym13071278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1278

Author(s):

Anna Turysheva ◽

Irina Voytyuk ◽

Daniel Guerra

Keyword(s):

Random Distribution ◽

Graphical Representation ◽

Random Variable ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Characteristic Energy ◽

Study Region ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Solar Systems ◽

The Republic ◽

Technical Complex

This paper presents a computational tool for estimating energy generated by low-power photovoltaic systems based on the specific conditions of the study region since the characteristic energy equation can be obtained considering the main climatological factors affecting these systems in terms of the symmetry or skewness of the random distribution of the generated energy. Furthermore, this paper is aimed at determining any correlation that exists between meteorological variables with respect to the energy generated by 5-kW solar systems in the specific climatic conditions of the Republic of Cuba. The paper also presents the results of the influence of each climate factor on the distribution symmetry of the generated energy of the solar system. Studying symmetry in statistical models is important because they allow us to establish the degree of symmetry (or skewness), which is the probability distribution of a random variable, without having to make a graphical representation of it. Statistical skewness reports the degree to which observations are distributed evenly and proportionally above and below the center (highest) point of the distribution. In the case when the mentioned distribution is balanced, it is called symmetric.

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Postnatal care services and factors affecting its utilization in slum areas of Dhaka city

IMC Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/imcjms.v13i2.45287 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 53-58

Author(s):

Nilufar Yeasmin Nili

Keyword(s):

Infant Mortality ◽

Intervention Program ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Dhaka City ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Cultural Aspects ◽

Care Services ◽

Cultural Status ◽

Mass Media Exposure ◽

Slum Areas

Background and objectives: Maternal as well as infant mortality is high in Bangladesh. Utilization of post natal care (PNC) services is important to reduce maternal and infant mortality. Considering this matter, this study attempted to find out the level of PNC utilization by women living in slum areas of Dhaka city as well as to identify the factors associated with the utilization of PNC services. Methods: This study was conducted in Khilgaon and Rampura slums of Dhaka city. In each slum, women aged between 15-49 years who had given birth to at least one child were enrolled in the study by random sampling technique. Participants were interviewed with a semi-structured questionnaire which included information on socio-economic, demographic, cultural status as well as information on PNC service utilization. Results: Out of total 360 enrolled women in both slums, 58.6% utilized PNC services. The rate of utilization of PNC services was 55% and 62.2% in Khilgaon and Rampura slum respectively. Compared to 40-49 years age group, significantly (p<0.01) higher percentage of women aged <20, 20-29 and 30-39 years utilized PNC services (69.6%, 67.0% and 56.4% respectively). The significant associates of receiver of PNC were respondent’s education, number of antenatal care (ANC) received, level of tetanus vaccination, place of delivery, distance between home and clinic, mass media exposure, male participation and autonomy. Conclusion: Local socioeconomic and cultural aspects should be considered while planning intervention program to improve the utilization of PNC service. Ibrahim Med. Coll. J. 2019; 13(2): 53-58

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The distribution, conservation status and factors affecting the survival of indigenous freshwater fishes in the Cape Province

Koedoe ◽

10.4102/koedoe.v23i1.636 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

I. G Gaigher ◽

K.C.D Hamman ◽

S.C Thorne

Keyword(s):

South African ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Environmental Changes ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Freshwater Fishes ◽

Human Settlement ◽

Factors Affecting ◽

Red Data Book ◽

Data Book ◽

The Republic

Fifteen of the 36 indigenous freshwater fishes of the Cape Province are endemic to this region and a further eight are endemic to the Republic of South Africa. A third of the species are listed in the South African Red Data Book - Fishes. The distribution and conservation status of each species, excluding eels, are described. The possible effect of environmental changes, such as farming and other forms of land use, exotics, mining, industrial development, human settlement and construction of dams, are discussed and conservation measures are proposed.

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