scholarly journals A spatial perspective on demographic change in Serbian cities and towns

Spatium ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Marijana Pantic
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Demographic Change ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The majority of European countries share challenges related to demographic change. A decline in the total population size and population aging have already spread from rural to some urban areas. The case of Serbia is no exception. The focus of this article is the parameters of demographic change analysed particularly for larger (cities) and smaller (towns) urban settlements - population size, birth rate, rate of natural increase, average age of first-time mothers, total fertility rate, share of the young and elderly population, average population age, and developing demographic trends. The paper also stresses the necessity to use other definitions for a ?city? than the one used in legislation or statistical reports, by showing the extent to which results might differ depending on the chosen definition. One of the definitions used in this paper relies on a slightly adapted division of settlements used in statistical reporting, while the other is based on the Law on Local Self-Government (2007), the Law on the Territorial Organization of the Republic of Serbia (2007) and functional urban areas defined by the Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia. Cities and towns are observed from the perspective of their spatial distribution; therefore, each parameter is considered at the settlement, regional and district level.

The Political Economy of Land and Urban Development

2018 ◽  
pp. 343-359
Author(s):  
Kudzanai Bvochora ◽  
Bernard Kusena
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Many urban areas which have sprouted around the world owe their economic and social origins in growth points and market centers. Situated about 15 kilometers south-east of Harare, Epworth became one of Zimbabwe's largest peri-urban settlements due to the combined effect of demographic, political, and socioeconomic factors, among others. This chapter interrogates the various forces behind this unprecedented population growth. It demonstrates the relationship between Epworth's ballooning population and the various pull and push factors of urbanization. For example, immigration contributed immensely to this rise, although natural increase in births also contributed fairly significantly. This chapter examines the impact of population dynamics and other variables that were linked to the rapid expansion of Epworth on the overall development processes, arguing that economic and social infrastructure became conditioned by such dynamics.

scholarly journals ПОКРЕТАЊЕ ПОСТУПКА НОРМАТИВНЕ КОНТРОЛЕ ПРАВА У РЕПУБЛИЦИ СРБИЈИ

TEME ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 1419
Author(s):  
Bálint Pásztor
Keyword(s):  
Rule Of Law ◽  
Constitutional Court ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Institutional Values ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One

The author of the article analyzes the specificities of the normative control of the law, i.e. the procedure of assessing the constitutionality and legality of the law in the Republic of Serbia, with the aim of detecting historical and legal preconditions of the effective functioning of the rule of law. The historical perspective of the development of the constitutional judiciary in the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Republic of Serbia, as well as the analysis of the experiences of various systems of control of constitutionality and legality, open the contextual, scientific-historical and pragmatic dimensions of understanding. The specificity of the system of normative control is reflected in its triplicity, meaning that three institutes are known that characterize different procedural possibilities (to initiate the process of assessing the constitutionality and legality of general acts). The paper is written in order to point out the dichotomy of the proposal and initiative of the procedure of the assessment of constitutionality and legality, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the ex officio procedure. Furthermore, the author wanted to point out the essential and procedural differences between the proposal, the initiative and the constitutional complaint, especially analyzing the purpose of retaining the institute of the initiative in the light of the existence of the constitutional complaint and the fact that the initiative does not imply the automation of the initiation of proceedings. The dilemma that the article opens concerns the possibility that in the case of abolishing the initiative as an institution accessible to all, is it possible to preserve the democratic culture and the participation of citizens, furthermore is it possible to abolish the fundamental institutional values and freedoms of a legal state and the rule of law? The paper opens other issues of importance for the establishment of an effective constitutional architecture that concern: the width of the circle of authorized proposers of normative control before the Constitutional Court; the dual role of the constitutional judiciary: on the one hand protection of the Constitution, constitutionality and legality, on the other hand effective protection of human and minority rights and freedoms.

scholarly journals Regional types in Serbia and their territorial inconsistency

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
Zora Zivanovic ◽  
Branka Tosic ◽  
Jasmina Djordjevic
Keyword(s):  
Regional Planning ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Functional Areas ◽  
Regional Types ◽  
Spatial Plan

Regionalization of Serbia, as an instruments whose adequate use would contribute to a decrease in interregional differences in development of certain parts, represents a complex task, which is only to some extent finished by adopting bigger territorial parts in Serbia. This work is made for the purpose of presenting the problems with regional planning process deriving from inconsistency which exists between administrative territorial organization into districts of the Republic of Serbia and functional areas of regional centers defined by The Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia, issued in 1996, then functional urban areas presented in The Strategy of Spatial Development of the Republic of Serbia in 2009-2013-2020 and in The Draft Law of Spatial Plan of the Republic of Serbia in 2010-2014-2021. Moreover, the work compares the above mentioned spatial areas with planned regions, for which the drawing up of regional spatial plans is scheduled, namely with statistical macroregions, whose defining is one of the recently adopted decisions in the Republic of Serbia. The aim of pointing out to the above mentioned inconsistency in so far used concepts of regionalization, is to contribute to the quality of regional planning of development, as well as to finding solutions which would refer to establishing borders of smaller, meso-regional totalities, and also to the determination of authorities of both middle levels of administration in our country. .

China’s demographic prospects to 2040 and their implications: an overview

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-91
Author(s):  
Nicholas Eberstadt
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Chinese Family ◽  
Chinese Society ◽  
Marriage Squeeze ◽  
Child Policy ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Inferior Status ◽  
Wild Cards ◽  
The One

China’s population prospects over the decades ahead are largely shaped by pro-longed sub-replacement childbearing, likely to have been in effect for half a century by 2040. China’s population is on track to peak in the coming decade and to decline at an accelerating pace thereafter. Between 2015 and 2040, China’s population aged 50 and older is on course to increase by roughly one-quarter of a billion people; the under-50 population is set to decline by a roughly comparable magnitude. China is set to experience an extraordinarily rapid surge of population aging, with especially explosive population growth for the 65-plus group, even as its working-age population (conventionally defined as the age 15–64 group) progressively shrinks. Additionally, a number of demographic changes underway now constitute “wild cards” for China’s future: including (1) the impending “marriage squeeze” due to abnormal sex ratios at birth from the one-child policy era; (2) the problem of mass urbanisation under a system that consigns migrants in urban areas to an officially inferior status; and (3) the revolutionary changes in the Chinese family structure, which portend a dramatic departure from previous arrangements on which Chinese society and economy depended.

Povezivanje životnog okruženja dece i njihovog uključivanja u horove

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matija Jenko ◽  
◽  
Barbara Kopačin
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Creative People ◽  
Rural And Urban Areas ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Singing Activity ◽  
The Republic ◽  
At Home

Many studies have been conducted in the field of research on the stimulating domestic music environment, which show that the decision to engage children in music, in addition to internal factors in the family, can be influenced by external factors, such as the environment in which families live, too. Active inclusion of Slovenes in choirs is one of the most widespread free activities in the Republic of Slovenia, because according to the Public Fund of the Republic of Slovenia for Culture, more than 64.000 people sing in choirs. However, given that Slovenia is a very diverse country, especially in geographical terms, the mentality of people in different environments is very different, although in Slovenia creative people live in both rural and urban areas. Since in the article we discover, whether singing activity is higher in rural than in urban areas, we will define what both is and what are the characteristics of choirs in Slovenia, and then explore the differences between the above activities of parents and children in both areas. In this paper, we find that there are more active singing groups in urban areas, which include families, where both – children and parents – sing in a choir, than in rural areas, which we attribute to “rurbanization”, which blurs the boundaries between rural and urban settlements and their functions. The paper also confirms the assumption that the stimulating domestic music environment (singing at home, attending concerts with parents and parents' opinion that the stimulating musical environment offered to children at home strongly influences their participation in choirs) is related children's singing in choirs.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE TERRITORIAL AND SECTORAL STRUCTURE OF INDUSTRY OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Ilya Zaprudski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Practical Advantage ◽  
Geographical Analysis ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Sectoral Structure ◽  
Territorial Differentiation ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
Transformation Processes

The purpose of the study is to identify and characterize the transformation processes that occurred in the territorial and sectoral structure of the industry of the Republic of Belarus from 1990 to 2018. The study was conducted on the basis of the use of original database of industrial enterprises created by the author. The methodical algorithm of the economic and geographical analysis of changes in the territorial-branch structure of the industry on the basis of an estimation of territorial concentration, territorial differentiation of manufacture and accompanying structural changes is offered. As a result, the author came to the conclusion that a robust center-peripheral stratification of the territorial-sectoral structure has developed with the formation of the Minsk industrial agglomeration given a growing number of industrial enterprises and nodal elements in Belarus over the period of the research. This requires the development of directions for improving the territorial organization of society and regional policy in the country. The novelty of the study is determined by the first economic and geographical analysis of transformational changes in the territorial and sectoral structure of industry of the Republic of Belarus for the entire period since the proclamation of sovereignty. This analysis is based on the use of the author’s database on the number of large and medium-sized industrial enterprises. On the one hand, it is characterized by a number of limitations, but, on the other hand, it has a practical advantage in relation to other works on similar subjects.

scholarly journals The Legality of Providing Legal Aid to Perpetrators of the Crime of Murder in the Perspective of the Theory of Dignified Justice

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-604
Author(s):  
Muhlis Safi’i
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Legal Services ◽  
Spiritual Values ◽  
Theory Of Justice ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

The Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia is a state of law. In accordance with Article 1 paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945). As a state of law, Indonesia must guarantee the rights of its citizens to equality and guarantees of justice, including human rights. As stated by Salim, quoting Fredrich Julius Stahl, that the main element of a state based on law is the protection, as well as the recognition of Human Rights (HAM), and upholding dignified justice. Also in Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) reads: "Everyone has the right to recognition, guarantees, protection, and fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law". This means that the constitution itself has accommodated, the state guarantees the fulfillment of individual rights of citizens and is treated equally before the law. In a state of law, the law is used as the main shield in the movement of government, state, and society. As an effort to realize justice and the spiritual values ​​of humanity (fair and dignified), there is assistance in the form of legal services for every citizen. The existence of a dignified justice theory is a justice provided by a legal system that has spiritual and material dimensions. This theory is a theory of justice that is based on noble values ​​that are rooted in the second principle of Pancasila, "Just and Civilized Humanity" and is inspired by the first principle, "Belief in the One Supreme God". 

scholarly journals State and perspectives of the demographic development of the geospace of the republic of Srpska

2006 ◽  
pp. 435-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drasko Marinkovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
Demographic Development ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Natural Movement ◽  
The Republic

Yearly rates of population increase and the data about the relative participation of particular areas in the total number of the population of the Republic of Srpska point to the interdependence between the natural movement and the tract processes of emigration, deagrarization and urbanization. These processes are in the harmony with the demographic transition which is followed by the changes in the structure of the active population. Unfavourable tendencies in the re-distribution and reinstatement of the tract-demographic polarization have the reflection in the disturbances in the demographic structures and in the strengthening of the process of the total ageing of the population, specially in the rural areas. These tendencies result in a more pronounced polarization in the reproduction of the population in which the urban areas take over the priority. With the trend of the low and negative natural increase, which has the immediate influence on the accelerated process of ageing of the population, further growth of the population and socio-economic development of the Republic of Srpska are questionable. In order to secure the constant growth of the population of this area, it is urgently necessary to conduct the measures of the population politics, that is, it is necessary to match the demographic and general socio-economic development.

scholarly journals MONOTOWNS OF THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS: ASSESSMENT FEATURES OF SOCIO‑ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-165
Author(s):  
И. Русак ◽  
I. Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Single Industry ◽  
Urban Settlements ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Definition Of

<p>The aim of the article is to consider the existing criteria of single-industry towns (monotowns) in the Republic of Belarus, which are the subject of the current research. The article summarizes the main approaches to the concept of «single-industry city». The study is based on the analysis of the state scheme of complex territorial organization of the Republic of Belarus and shows the position of the single-industry towns of Belarus in the system of population displacement. The paper features an analysis of the existing criteria for attributing urban settlements to the category of «monotowns» and includes a list of the largest city-forming enterprises in the Republic of Belarus. The study proposes some basic directions of the further development of single-industry towns in Belarus, which can be used by the government and local authorities in the regional development. The results will help to institutionalize the category of «single-industry town» in Belarus. The study also proposes to include an article on the development of monoprofile cities into main strategic documents of the Republic of Belarus. Such an article should provide a permanent monitoring of the development of such urban settlements as well as adoption of corrective measures in case of depression. An important direction for future research is the definition of the criteria for a comprehensive analysis of single-industry towns – not only on the level of economic development of the city-forming enterprise, but also on the level of socio-economic development of the settlement as an administrative-territorial unit with a town-forming enterprise.</p>

scholarly journals PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PENANAMAN MODAL ASING (PMA) DI INDONESIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Ria Sintha Devi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Investment Companies ◽  
National Economic ◽  
One Stop ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Government ◽  
The One

The existence of Foreign Investment in Indonesia is very important and strategic in supporting the implementation of national economic development and increasing economic growth in the community. Foreign investment which is regulated in law No. 25 of 2007 about the legal protection for foreign investment in Indonesia, both investment in the form of a Limited Company (PT) or investment. This shows that foreigners in Indonesia who carry out their capital investment activities are regulated by law and protected by the government under the law. The formulation of the problem were how the position of the establishment of foreign investment companies in Indonesia was, what the procedures for the implementation of foreign investment in Indonesia were, and what efforts have been made by the government if there were violations of law in foreign investment in Indonesia. The results of the study showed every foreign company that wanted to invest in Indonesia had to get the principle permission to the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM) and the One Stop Integrated Investment and Services Office (PTSP), so that the company could be established in Indonesia and its establishment was in accordance with the procedures of the law on foreign investment so that the foreign investment company was fully under the responsibility and supervision of the Republic of Indonesia. The government also gave relief to foreign investment in Indonesia in freeing the entry tax fees for goods or electronic equipment for foreign investment (PMA) in Indonesia in investing their capital.

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