scholarly journals Between liberty and control: citizens’ attitudes towards Romanian state surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-205
Author(s):  
Paul Tap
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
And Control ◽  
Source Of Information

Surveillance was extensively analyzed in the literature from multiple standpoints. Some studies looked to the temporal development of surveillance, while others analyzed the traditional theories that influenced many of the contemporary surveillance studies. All these studies define surveillance as an activity that is ubiquitous and performed globally, by multiple private and public institutions, through the involvement of specific technologies. However, little attention was paid to the perceptions of citizens about surveillance. This article addresses this gap in the literature and analyses how state surveillance is perceived by the Romanian citizens according to the socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, education, income, gender and medium of residence). The aim of the study is to explain how socio-demographic factors influence the acceptance of state surveillance. It also controls for the left-right self-placement, and the use of Facebook as source of information. The statistical analysis uses individual level data from an original survey conducted between October-November 2020. The survey was completed by 1,140 respondents, and the article uses correlation and linear regression to analyze the data. The findings illustrate that the acceptance of state surveillance is influenced by the gender, level of education and medium of residence of the individuals. The age and income of the citizens have no effect on the acceptance of state surveillance.

From Public to Publics

2019 ◽  
pp. 243-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amnon Cavari ◽  
Guy Freedman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Research Design ◽  
General Public ◽  
Demographic Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Agenda ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors

A rich body of work examines the public agenda in democratic countries. These studies rely on aggregate responses to survey questions that ask respondents to report their issue priorities—commonly using topline data of the most important problem survey series (MIP). This research design, however, is not sensitive to differences in issue priorities between individuals and groups and, therefore, fails to account for the possible variation within the general public. To overcome this neglect in existing literature, we examine individual-level responses to the most important problem question in two countries—the United States and Israel—focusing specifically on economic and foreign policy priorities. We reveal that beyond aggregate trends in the public agenda, socio-demographic factors in both countries explain some of the variation in issue dynamics.

Persistent Legacies of the Empires: Partition of Poland and Electoral Turnout

2020 ◽  
pp. 088832542090767
Author(s):  
Piotr Zagórski ◽  
Radosław Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Religious Service Attendance ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
National Election Study ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Electoral Turnout ◽  
Cultural Legacies ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Service Attendance

During the long nineteenth century, Poland was divided among the Russian, Habsburg, and Prussian empires. The partition produced regional diversity in political culture and in institutional and economic development. We examine how the cultural legacies of the empires have influenced the propensity of Poles to cast a ballot in parliamentary elections since 1989. Polish National Election Study individual-level data are used to assess whether higher levels of electoral turnout in Galicia are indeed a legacy of the Habsburg rule. Our results confirm that, even after controlling for socio-demographic factors, there is a positive, substantive, and significant effect on turnout of living in the ex-Habsburg part of Poland. This effect can be explained by the frequency of religious service attendance and by ideology. Inhabitants of Galicia not only attend religious services more frequently and are more conservative than their counterparts in the rest of Poland, but also the more frequently they attend church and the closer to the radical right they place themselves, the more mobilized they are to vote. The impact of the legacies of the empires on political behavior in Poland seems persistent.

scholarly journals The International Database on Longevity: Data Resource Profile

2020 ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Dmitri A. Jdanov ◽  
Vladimir M. Shkolnikov ◽  
Sigrid Gellers-Barkmann
Keyword(s):  
Human Longevity ◽  
Government Agencies ◽  
International Database ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Data Resource ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Statistical Systems ◽  
Source Of Information ◽  
Very High

AbstractEven in countries with very good statistical systems, routine population statistics that cover individuals of very high ages are often problematic, as the proportion of erroneous cases increases sharply with age. The desire to measure human mortality at extreme ages was the main motivation for the establishment of the International Database on Longevity (IDL). The IDL is a uniquely valuable source of information on extreme human longevity. It provides high-quality age-validated individual-level data on the ages of semi-supercentenarians and supercentenarians. Moreover, the IDL is the only database that provides such data without age-ascertainment bias. It obtains its candidates from records of government agencies to ensure that there is no dependency between the probability of being included and age. Candidates who meet strict criteria for the validity of their age (date of their birth) are then included in the IDL. Nevertheless, the IDL does not include exhaustive sets of validated supercentenarians and semi-supercentenarians for any country, because it is nearly impossible to find documents that would allow for the validation of the ages of all of the individuals on the list. As of August 2017, the IDL has records on 1,304 validated supercentenarians and 18,590 semi-supercentenarians from 15 countries. The first person in the IDL collection who attained age 110 was born in 1852 and died in 1962 in Quebec, while the last person was born in 1906 and attained age 110 in 2016. This chapter introduces the database and explains its purpose and principles. We also describe the data structure and provide an overview of the information available.

scholarly journals Between security and convenience: Facial recognition technology in the eyes of citizens in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States

2021 ◽  
pp. 096366252110015
Author(s):  
Genia Kostka ◽  
Léa Steinacker ◽  
Miriam Meckel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Facial Recognition ◽  
The United States ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
State Surveillance ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
Acceptance Model ◽  
And Control

How does the public perceive facial recognition technology and how much do they accept facial recognition technology in different political contexts? Based on online surveys resembling the Internet-connected population in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, our study finds that facial recognition technology enjoys generally highest acceptance among respondents in China, while acceptance is lowest in Germany, and the United Kingdom and the United States are in between. A closer examination through the lens of an integrated technology acceptance model reveals interesting variations in the selected four countries based, among other factors, on socio-demographic factors as well as perceived consequences, usefulness, and reliability of facial recognition technology. While previous research has pointed out that facial recognition technology is an instrument for state surveillance and control, this study shows that surveillance and control are not foremost on the minds of citizens in China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and the United States, but rather notions of convenience and improved security.

Christian Right Horticulture: Grassroots Support in a Republican Primary Campaign

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul A. Djupe ◽  
Jacob R. Neiheisel
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Christian Right ◽  
Vote Choice ◽  
Comprehensive Model ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Social ◽  
Grassroots Support ◽  
Original Survey ◽  
Effective Group

AbstractSeizing upon the opportunity afforded by a Republican primary contest in which a candidate backed by the Christian Right took on a candidate with connections to the party establishment, we examine the strength of the Christian right at the grassroots in Ohio. Using individual-level data compiled from an original survey instrument administered to over 1,000 Republican primary voters just after the May, 2006 primary, we present a more comprehensive model of both Christian Right support and the effect of Christian Right support on the vote choice. Instead of assuming a grassroots presence underpinning the movement, we assert and test the argument that natural elements of the social structure inhibit effective group access to collections of supporters. In doing so, we provide an explanation for the often observed gulf between movement identifiers and opinion-based supporters.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Hypertension among Japanese Adults, 1975 to 2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Otani ◽  
Rei Haruyama ◽  
Stuart Gilmour
Keyword(s):  
Uncontrolled Hypertension ◽  
Drinking Alcohol ◽  
Primary Industry ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Japanese Adults ◽  
And Control

We investigated the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension, its treatment, and control using individual-level data from 300,249 respondents aged 20 years and older from the Japanese National Health and Nutrition Survey for the period of 1975–2010. We applied multivariate random effects logistic regression to assess associations between the risk factors and the prevalence of hypertension, the proportion of uncontrolled hypertension, and the proportions of respondents seeking treatment and controlling hypertension. The trends in the effect of the birth cohort on uncontrolled hypertension were also examined. Having hypertension was associated with being male, older, obese, drinking alcohol, and working in the primary industry and a higher proportion of middle-aged men than women were found being obese and drinking alcohol. Seeking treatment was associated with being older, obese, drinking alcohol, working in a primary industry and exercising. Controlling hypertension was associated with being younger, underweight and exercising. The proportion of individuals with uncontrolled hypertension declined for cohorts born in later years with a steeper decline for women than men. Raising awareness in the hypertensive population, especially among men, could help further reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Japan.

scholarly journals The Great Recession worsened blood pressure and blood glucose levels in American adults

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (13) ◽  
pp. 3296-3301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Seeman ◽  
Duncan Thomas ◽  
Sharon Stein Merkin ◽  
Kari Moore ◽  
Karol Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
And Control

Longitudinal, individual-specific data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) provide support for the hypothesis that the 2008 to 2010 Great Recession (GR) negatively impacted the health of US adults. Results further advance understanding of the relationship by (i) illuminating hypothesized greater negative impacts in population subgroups exposed to more severe impacts of the GR and (ii) explicitly controlling for confounding by individual differences in age-related changes in health over time. Analyses overcome limitations of prior work by (i) employing individual-level data that avoid concerns about ecological fallacy associated with prior reliance on group-level data, (ii) using four waves of data before the GR to estimate and control for underlying individual-level age-related trends, (iii) focusing on objective, temporally appropriate health outcomes rather than mortality, and (iv) leveraging a diverse cohort to investigate subgroup differences in the GR’s impact. Innovative individual fixed-effects modeling controlling for individual-level age-related trajectories yielded substantively important insights: (i) significant elevations post-GR for blood pressure and fasting glucose, especially among those on medication pre-GR, and (ii) reductions in prevalence and intensity of medication use post-GR. Important differences in the effects of the GR are seen across subgroups, with larger effects among younger adults (who are likely still in the labor force) and older homeowners (whose declining home wealth likely reduced financial security, with less scope for recouping losses during their lifetime); least affected were older adults without a college degree (whose greater reliance on Medicare and Social Security likely provided more protection from the recession).

scholarly journals Ego-Identity of Women in the Reproductive Age with Pcos and Their Socio-Demographic Determinants

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-101
Author(s):  
Anait Yuryevna Marianian ◽  
Mikhail Yuryevich Kuzmin ◽  
Daria Pavlovna Markova
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Factors ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Ego Identity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Status ◽  
Identity Achievement ◽  
Socio Demographic Factors ◽  
And Control

Introduction: The purpose of the research is to identify the ego-identity nature of women of reproductive age with PCOS and socio-demographic factors determining this pattern. Methods: The methods, used in the study, are as follows: "SEI-test" by EL Soldatova, Life-Line test by A.A. Kronik, «Twenty statements test» (TST) by M. Kuhn and T. McPartland; the total sample included 140 women (70 women with PCOS, 70 without PCOS). Results: In women of reproductive age, diagnosed with PCOS, the status of Ego-identity Achievement prevails compared to women without this diagnosis. Patients with PCOS also show much less complete representation of their past and future life. Finally, women PCOS describe themselves in categories related to identity social component (career, self-development, etc.), rather than the interpersonal component (family sphere). Influence analysis of socio-demographic factors on the identity of women with PCOS showed that a greater number of external factors determine their identity compared to women without this diagnosis. The ego-identity of such women depends on their marital status and place of residence. Conclusion: Women of reproductive age with PCOS, the status of Ego-identity Achievement prevails, compared to women without PCOS, similar by marital, age, and social status. It means they are responsible for their choice and control over their emotions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document